COURSE INFORMATION

1. Course Code CRIMSOC 8

2. Course Unit 3 units

3. Course Name/ CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2 (THESIS WRITING)

Title

4. Course The compels and inspires students to truly grasp the logic and limits of the latest

Description research appearing in academic journals, government reports, and the media.

5. Time Frame 54 hours

Intended Learning Outcome/ILO: In the course of the discussion, the students will be able to:

• Understand what is research and its importance;

• Incorporate criminological knowledge on making research paper;

• Conduct Final Defense; and

• Produce hardbound.

Research

- Careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying in technique and method according to the nature and

conditions of the problem identified, directed toward the clarification or resolution (or both) of a problem.

(Good, p.464)

- The systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic or problem.

- The process of gathering data or information to solve a particular or specific problem in a scientific manner.

- The systematic, rigorous investigation of a situation or problem in order to generate new knowledge or

validate existing knowledge.

- is a document proposing a research project, generally in the sciences or academia, and generally

constitutes a request for sponsorship of that research. Proposals are evaluated on the cost and potential

impact of the proposed research, and on the soundness of the proposed plan for carrying it out. Research

proposals generally address several key points:

• What research question(s) will be addressed, and how they will be addressed

• What cost and time will be required for the research

• What prior research has been done on the topic

• How the results of the research will be evaluated

• How the research will benefit the sponsoring organization and other parties

4. Descriptive Research

- it involves the description, recording, analysis, and interpretation of the present nature, composition or

processes of phenomena.

- describes and interprets what is. It is concerned with conditions of relationships that exist; practices that

prevail; beliefs; processes that are going on; effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing.

- research that provides an accurate portrayal of characteristics of a particular individual, situation, or group.

These studies are a means of discovering new meaning, describing what exists, determining the

frequency with which something occurs, and categorizing information.

- the researcher studies the relationships of the variables.

5. Ethnographic research

- is the study of people in their own environment through the use of methods such as participant

observation and face-to-face interviewing.

- the investigation of a culture through an in-depth study of the members of the culture; it involves

the systematic collection, description, and analysis of data for development of theories of cultural behavior.
6. Correlational research

- The systematic investigation of relationships among two or more variables, without necessarily

determining cause and effect.

7. Review of related literature

- is the process of collecting, selecting, and reading books, journals, reports, abstracts, and other reference

materials. The following information may be collected:

1. Background information about the problem and related concepts.

2. Theories that explain the existence of the problem and the possible connection between certain factors

and the problem

3. Data that confirms the existence and seriousness of the problem

4. General and specific findings of studies related to the problem

5. Recommendations for further study given in related studies

8. Research abstract

- is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis

of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose.

9. Null hypothesis

- is the commonly accepted fact; it is the opposite of the alternate hypothesis. Researchers work to

reject, nullify or disprove the null hypothesis.

- is a general statement or default position that there is no relationship between two measured

phenomena, or no association among groups.

- is a hypothesis that says there is no statistical significance between the two variables in the

hypothesis. It is the hypothesis that the researcher is trying to disprove.

- is a variable that is manipulated to determine the value of a dependent variable/s.

- a factor or phenomenon that causes or influences another associated factor or phenomenon called a

dependent variable.

- It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.

For example, someone's age might be an independent variable.

11. Dependent variable

- a factor or phenomenon that is changed by the effect of an associated factor or phenomenon called

the independent variable.

- It is something that depends on other factors. For example, a test score could be a dependent

variable because it could change depending on several factors such as how much you studied

12. Theoretical framework

- is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework

introduces and describes the theory that explains why the research problem under study exists.

13. Conceptual framework

- is an analytical tool with several variations and contexts. It is used to make conceptual distinctions

and organize ideas. Strong conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy

to remember and apply.

- A theoretical structure of assumptions, principles, and rules that holds together the ideas

comprising a broad concept.

- is one of the most important areas of measurement in applied social research. The broad area of survey

research encompasses any measurement procedures that involve asking questions of respondents.

15. Causal-Comparative research

- attempts to determine the cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among

groups of individuals.

16. Historical research

- research involving analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent past.

17. Snowball sampling

- (also known as chain-referral sampling) is a non-probability (non-random) sampling method used when

characteristics to be possessed by samples are rare and difficult to find.

- is based on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional subjects.

- uses a small pool of initial informants to nominate, through their social networks, other participants who

meet the eligibility criteria and could potentially contribute to a specific study.

18. Biographical study

- defined as life history writing (and the narrative study of lives) with strong allegiance to the social science

research traditions of oral history and narrative discourse and, specifically, great devotion to theoretical

constructs from sociology and psychology.

19. Quantitative research

- research involving formal, objective information about the world, with mathematical quantification; it can

be used to describe test relationships and to examine cause and effect relationships.
20. Qualitative research

- research dealing with phenomena that are difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically, such as

beliefs, meanings, attributes, and symbols; it may involve content analysis

Implementation of Continuing Professional Education and School-based Management Practices

Introduction

Amid the continuous formation of the global community, Filipino professionals must seriously consider their

continuing professional education (CPE) – understood as training and development in their field of expertise

and beyond. This professional drive towards lifelong learning will keep them at least useful and productive

in their present jobs, competitive in their skills, talents, and knowledge vis-à-vis their foreign counterparts,

and potentially employable, should the risk of losing their jobs loom into the picture. In any case, CPE must

be oriented towards genuine people development – understood as “getting the right values into their hearts,

getting the right skills into their hands, and placing the right ideas in into their minds.”7 In this manner, it

assumes a holistic approach that encourages both technical and ethical competence among professionals.

By and large, CPE is an initiative which professionals must assume as a personal commitment. This should

even be clearer with the abolition of the CPE credits requirements in the renewal of professional licenses.

Professionals must improve in professional competence and personal character to cope with changes in

the labor market and the global workplace. Nowadays when jobs are very demanding, competitive and

scarce, Filipino professionals must take it upon themselves to invest in their professional training and

development. Business organizations, nonetheless, stand to gain from investing in their people.

“Developing people is a fundamental managerial task that is even more important and much more

challenging than managing physical resources from one day to the next. Thus, it is always timely for

management to ask itself, ‘What can we do for our people? What more can we do to help them become

better?” By doing so, they can enhance the competence and productivity of their people, empowering their

organizations to be competitive in the global market. This study focuses on professional organizations or

associations and their efforts at providing CPE among their members. Specifically, it looks into: · the state

of CPE among selected professions in the Philippines through the plans, initiatives, and programs of the
corresponding professional associations, modes of delivery of CPE among these professional associations

that ensure fitness of the beneficiaries amid the globalization of the workplace, the strengths and

weaknesses of the professional associations as regards CPE delivery.

The study will also employ a training and development paradigm10 in pursuing the aforesaid objectives.

Lastly, the study will also identify areas of improvement for CPE in the chosen professional associations

Research Objectives

This study wants to determine the significant implementation of continuing professional education and

school-based management practices.

Specifically, it attends to attain the following objectives:

1. To determine the significant implementation of continuing professional education in terms of:

1.1 Training; and

1.2 Graduate Studies

2. To describe the level of school-based management practices in terms of:

2.1 Internal Stakeholder

2.2 External Stakeholder

2.3 School Improvement

2.4 School-based treatment

3. To determine the significant relationship between the implementation of continuing professional

education and school-based management practices.

4. To determine which domain of continuing professional education best predict their schoolbased

management practices.

Hypothesis:
 The null hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance are as follows:

Ho 1: There is no significant relationship between the implementation of continuing professional education

and school-based management practices.

Ho 2: There is no domain of continuing professional education best predict their school-based management

practices.

Theoretical Framework:

This study is anchored on the theory of professional education development of Guskey (1986, 1997)

presented a model of teacher change process that teachers go through when participating in professional

development programs. This model has the professional development program as the initial triggering

mechanism in the change process. However, it recognizes that the student learning outcomes, as observed

by the teachers after they have transformed their classroom practices, are a determinant in promoting

teachers’ change in beliefs and attitudes.

Hein (1997) presented a view of the U.S. Educational System where student learning was the ultimate goal

and the teachers were portrayed as the main level just before students through which that goal could be

achieved. Nonetheless, according to Hein at that time “the evaluation of Teacher

Enhancement efforts must focus on observable outcomes for teachers … (because) the research base that

links teacher behavior and student learning is still inadequate” (p. 161).

Conceptual Framework:

Fig. 1 presents the conceptual paradigm of the study. As shown, the independent variable is the

implementation of continuing professional education which includes the training and graduate studies.

Moreover, the dependent variable is the school based management practices like internal stakeholder,

external stakeholder, school improvement and school-based treatment.

Significance of the Study

The study will allow heads and members of professional associations to learn from each other in the field

of CPE. Good practices that merit replication and neglected practices that would surface from the

descriptive survey should allow the professional associations to assess their strengths and weaknesses.
Knowing these, professional organizations and external CPE providers will be prodded to review,

reconsider, and evaluate the relevance and effectiveness of their training and development activities for

Filipino professionals. Moreover, these associations can identify key areas of development and

improvement in their programs.

Research Design:

This study utilizes the non-experimental quantitative design via correlation technique. This study is

correlated because it explores the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable.

Furthermore, its ultimate intention is to determine the significance influence of independent variable and

dependent variable.

Statistical Treatment:

Descriptive and Inferential Statistics were used like mean, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (Pearson – r)

and regression was used to determine the relationship of the variables.

Implementation of Continuing Professional Education and School-based Management Practices

Research Objectives:

Example:

This study wants to determine the significant influences of the perception of the graduate school students

on their readiness to undertake research. Specifically, it attends to attain the following objectives:

5. To describe the level of the perception of the graduate school students to undertake research

in terms of:

5.1 cost

5.2 time

5.3 effort
 5.4 technicality

5.5 image

6. To describe the level of readiness of the graduate school students to undertake research in

terms of time and interest.

7. To determine the significant relationship between the perception and readiness of the graduate

school students in undertaking research.

8. To determine which domain of students perception best predict their readiness to undertake

research.

Hypothesis:

Example:

The null hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance are as follows:

Ho 1: There is no significant relationship between perception and readiness of the graduate school students

of University of Mindanao to undertake research.

Ho 2: There is no domain of perception that best predicts the readiness of the graduate school students of

University of Mindanao to undertake research.

Theoretical Framework:

Example:

This study is anchored on the theory of motivation spoused by Genova (2015) which says that the

readiness of the individual in doing something is highly associated with their perception about that thing.

This theory is applicable in this study because it tries to correlate the readiness of the students in doing

research with their perception about it.

Conceptual Framework:

Example:

Fig. 1 presents the conceptual paradigm of the study. As shown, the independent variable is the perception

of the graduate school students in undertaking research. This is based from the study of Cadiz (2012) which
identified the cost, time, effort, technicality and image as its indicators. Cost refers to money spent for the

conduct of the study. Time refers to length of period spent for the conduct of the study. The dependent

variable is readiness of the students to conduct research. According to Aquino (2009), readiness is indicated

by Time and Interest. Time means the preparedness of student.

Research Design:

Example:

This study utilizes the non-experimental quantitative design via correlation technique. This study is

correlated because it explores the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable.

Furthermore, its ultimate intention is to determine the significance influence of independent variable and

dependent variable.

Statistical Treatment:

Example:

Statistical tools to be used.

1. Mean

2. Pearson r

3. Regression

Define the following:

1. Sampling

- defined as measuring a small portion of something and then making a general statement about the

whole thing. (Bradfield and Moredock, p.38)

elements such that the information gathered from the small group will allow judgments to be made about

the larger groups.