Bab IV – Proposal

Mind Map

The Common Types of Proposal

How to Write Proposal

Parts of Formal Proposal and

Informal Proposal

Additional Proposal Elements to

Proposal Consider

Sample Proposal Organization

Language Consideration

The Life Cycle of A Project Idea

Learning Purpose
Setelah mempelajari materi pada KD ini, diharapkan:
1. Peserta didik secara disiplin dan bertanggung jawab mampu menemukan informasi
rinci dalam teks khusus berbentuk proposal dengan baik dan benar.
2. Peserta didik secara disiplin dan bertanggung jawab menganalisis struktur teks dalam
teks khusus berbentuk proposal dengan baik dan benar.
3. Peserta didik secara disiplin dan bertanggung jawab menganalisis unsur kebahasaan
dalam teks khusus berbentuk proposal dengan baik dan benar.
4. Peserta didik secara disiplin dan bertanggung jawab mampu menyusun teks khusus
berbentuk proposal sederhana tertulis dengan baik dan benar.

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PROPOSAL
Proposal is a ducument that offfers a solution to a problem or a course of action in
response to a need. Proposals and progress reports are some of the most common types of
reports you will likely find yourself writing in the workplace. These reports are persuasive in
nature: proposals attempt to persuade the reader to accept the writer’s proposed idea;
progress reports assure the reader that the project is on time and on budget, or explain
rationally why things might not be going according to the initial plan.
A proposal, in the technical sense, is a document that tries to persuade the reader to
implement a proposed plan or approve a proposed project. Most businesses rely on effective
proposal writing to ensure successful continuation of their business and to get new contracts.
The writer tries to convince the reader that the proposed plan or project is worth doing (worth
the time, energy, and expense necessary to implement or see through), that the author
represents the best candidate for implementing the idea, and that it will result in tangible
benefits.
Proposals are often written in response to a Request For Proposals (RFP) by a
government agency, organization, or company. The requesting body receives multiple
proposals responding to their request, reviews the submitted proposals, and chooses the best
one(s) to go forward. Their evaluation of the submitted proposals is often based on a rubric
that grades various elements of the proposals. Thus, your proposal must persuade the reader
that your idea is the one most worth pursuing. Proposals are persuasive documents intended
to initiate a project and get the reader to authorize a course of action proposed in the
document. These might include proposals to
 Perform a task (such as conducting a feasibility study, a research project, etc.)
 Provide a product
 Provide a service
Proposals can have various purposes and thus take many forms. They may include sections
such as the following:
 Introduction and/or background
 Problem statement
 Purpose/motivation/goal/objectives
 Definition of scope and approach
 Review of the state of the art
 Technical background
 Project description
 Schedule of work/timeline
 Budget
 Qualifications
 Conclusion

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A. The Common Types of Proposals
There are 4 kinds of proposals, categorized in terms of whether or not they were
requested, and whether they are meant to solve a problem within your own organization
or someone else’s. From the following descriptions, you will see that can they also
overlap:
1. Solicited Proposals
An organization identifies a situation or problem that it wants to improve or solve
and issues an RFP (Request for Proposals) asking for proposals on how to address it.
The requesting organization will vet proposals and choose the most convincing one,
often using a detailed scoring rubric or weighted objectives chart to determine which
proposal best responds to the request.
2. Unsolicited Proposals
A writer perceives a problem or an opportunity and takes the initiative to propose a
way to solve the problem or take advantage of the opportunity (without being
requested to do so). This can often be the most difficult kind of proposal to get
approved.
3. Internal Proposals
These are written by and for someone within the same organization. Since both the
writer and reader share the same workplace context, these proposals are generally
shorter than external proposals, and usually address some way to improve a work-
related situation (productivity, efficiency, profit, etc.). As internal documents, they
are often sent as memos, or introduced with a memo if the proposal is lengthy.
4. External Proposals
These are sent outside of the writer’s organization to a separate entity (usually to
solicit business). Since these are external documents, they are usually sent as a formal
report (if long), introduced by a cover letter (letter of transmittal). External proposals
are usually sent in response to a Request for Proposals, but not always.

Task 1
Read the dialogue below and state true or false for the statements based on the dialogue,
then find the correction for the false statements you find!
Amara is finding her brother in the living room. He looks so serious and busy in front of
his laptop.
Amara : What are you typing, brother? You look so serious and busy.
Teddy : I'm typing an internal proposakfor my workplacce.
Amara : What is the proposal about?
Teddy : It is about asking for the intention to solve an immediate problem in my office
Amara : I hope you can get the best response soon, brother.
Teddy : Thank you, sister.
Amara : Okay, keep on going for your work; Iam going to continue my stuay in my room
first.

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Teddy : Okay, good luck for your study, sister.
Amara : Yes!
No Statements True/False Corrections
There is Amara who is typing
1. something using her laptop in her
room.
2. Amara’s brother is Teddy.
Teddy is typing a Proposal for his
3. school in the living room when
Amara finds him.
Teddy is Typing an internal proposal
4. for the intention to solve an
immediate problem in his office.
Amara hopes her brother will get
5.
the best response soon.

Task 2
Read the text and answer the questions carefully!
The Differences between Solicited and Unsolicited Proposals
A solicited proposal is when the customers ask for proposals. They may ask verbaly
or they may issue a written Request for Proposals (RFP). An unsolicited proposal is when
you send them a proposal they haven't even asked for because you think they should buy
from you or take some actions.
Solicited proposals are usually sent to customers who issue an RFP. When
customers want something that is too complicated to pick: up at the store or order from
a vendor, they often write down a description of it and issue it as an RFP. 1f it is a
commodity, they may issue a Request for Quotations (RFQ).An RFQusually requires
minimal information and a price. An RFP may require an extensive description of your
approach:or offering, as well as its price.
A solicited proposal provides you a description of what the customer wants. It also
provides you with formatting instructions for your proposal and the evaluation criteria
that will be used to make a selection.
Sometimes, you will make a suggestion to a potential customer and he/she will ask
you to submita proposal so that he/she can consider your suggestion. It is called as a
solicited proposal because he/she is expecting it and you have a chance to talk to the
customer and gain an understanding of his/her needs.
An unsolicited proposal is sent to a customer who has not requested it. Unsolicited
proposals must be especially convincing since the customer has not anticipated, planned,
or budgeted for the proposal, With an unsolicited proposal, you run the risk that the
customer won't even bother to read it, since he/she didn't ask for it. However, the lack of
competitive pressure with an unsolicited proposal often makes up for the risk.
Questions:
1. What is the text about?
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2. When is a proposal called an soliciated proposal?
3. When is a proposal called an unsolicited proposal?
4. What does an RFQ usually require?
5. What does a solicited proposal provide?

Task 3
Complete the proposal with the word in the box below carefully!
Graphic Design Proposal

Hank Kelly Taylor Vionni

Designer Owner
Simple Fish Marketing, LLC Happy Cherry Brewing

Objective: To ... (1) a logo and basic branding scheme for a new brewing company:
Happy Chery Brewing
Date: _____________ (please note that this proposal is valid for three weeks)

Summary
This is an outline of the process to create branding for Happy Cherry Brewing. The total
cost is $3,000 and the ... (2) can be completed in six weeks.
Target Market
This local brewer will be marketing four distinct beers. These products will have a ... (3)
release in Austin, Texas at a number of smaller bars, and then will be marketed to the
rest of the county. The target audience is specialty beer drinkers who like a higher
alcohol ... (4) in a full-bodied, quality brew. Studies show this target audience to be
adulfs between 25 and 35, usually with an income of $60,000 or more, and without
children. (Please see attached detailed case study.)
Project Scope
Logo development and an overall ... (5) scheme.
Strategies
Using an "Austin"-centric design concept and mixing classical beer design with an
eclectic Austin feel. Design will be painted and then ... (6) and proofed through Adobe
Photoshop.
Deliverables
High resolution design documents in colour and black&white.
Phases Timeline
Phase Description Turn Around Approval Period
Phase 1: Mark-ups 4-5 logo concepts 1 week 1 week
Phase 2: Logo Formalized best 1 week 1 week
Concept concept 1 Week

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 Phase 3: Final Final logo design 1 week 1 week
Design
... (7) Total $3,000
Concept Design $500
Logo Development $1,000
Final Design $1,000
Branding Accompanimentise $500
Design Advice No cost
Fee ... (8)
Before phase 1 : $500
Before phase 2 : $1000
Before phase 3 : $1000
Project Completion : $500

Thank you for inviting us to submit this proposal. Please let us know if you would like
any ... (9) information.
We look forward to ... (10) with you.

Hank Kelly
HankKelly@simplefishmarketing.com
214-958-0350

design limited branding budget additional

project percentage photographed schedule working

Task 4
Answer the questions based on Task carefully!
1. What is the kind of the text?
2. What is it described about?
3. What is the social function of the text?
4. Is there a deadline mentioned in the text?
5. Who is the sender of the text?

Task 5
Read the proposal in Task again carefully and find the definition of the words using
dictionary carefully!
1. Objective : .........................................................................................................
2. Summary : .........................................................................................................
3. Branding : .........................................................................................................
4. Design : .........................................................................................................
5. Audience : .........................................................................................................

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 6. Income : .........................................................................................................
7. Quality : .........................................................................................................
8. Marketing : .........................................................................................................
9. Development : .........................................................................................................
10. Concept : .........................................................................................................

B. How To Write Proposal

Before compossing the proposal, we have to:
1. Identify and define the problem that needs to be solved or the opportunity that can
be taken advantage of. You must show that you clearly understand the
problem/situation if you are to convince the reader that you can solve it. Rubrics that
assess proposals generally place significant weight (~20%) on clarity and accuracy of
the problem definition.
2. Describe your proposed project, clearly defining the scope of what you propose to
do. Often, it is best to give a general overview of your idea, and then break it down
into more detailed sub-sections.
3. Indicate how your proposed solution will solve the problem and provide tangible
benefits. Specifically, indicate how it will meet the objectives and abide by the
constrains outlined in the problem definition. Give specific examples. Show the
specific differences between “how things are now” and “how they could be.” Be as
empirical as possible, but appeal to all appropriate persuasive strategies. Emphasize
results, benefits, and feasibility of your proposed idea.
4. Include the practical details: propose a budget and a timeline for completing your
project. Represent these graphically (budget table, and Gantt chart). Your timeline
should include the major milestones or deliverables of the project, as well as dates
or time frames for completion of each step.
5. Conclude with a final pitch that summarizes and emphasizes the benefits of
implementing your proposed idea – but without sounding like an advertisement.

Task 6
Read the text below then anwer the questions carefully!
How to Write a Short Proposal for a Project
Writing a project proposal requires conviction and marketing skills. When you write one,
you need to put yourself on the reader s Situation.Actually, when you write a project
proposal, you need to do some steps, such as:
 Presenting the background. You need to explain why you have come with such a
project. You need to be able to convinoce the readers that it is worth their time and
effort.
 Offering the benefits. State reasons why the project is feasible. Offer the benefits to
the readers or the clients in order to gain their trust and confidence

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  Providing the objective. Make the readers understand why the project is important.
Mention anything about profits and return of investment so that they can compare
the income questionnaire to their expenses
Questions:
1. What is the text about?
2. What does the project proposal require?
3. Why must we present the background in a project proposal?
4. Why must we offer some benefits in a project proposal?
5. why must we mention anything about profits and return of investment in a project
proposal?

C. Parts of Formal Proposal and Informal Proposal

1. Parts of Formal Proposal and Informal Proposal
Some proposals which we çan find in our daily life usually can be categorized as
formal proposals or informal proposals. They have their own parts and we should
study them carefully to indentify what kinds are the proposal we want to write or
read.
 Parts of Formal Proposal
We have to know that a proposal usually starts with a title page, a table of
contents, and an executive summary or abstract or the proposal. After this
introduction, include the following main sections, titled as appropriate for the
project and further subdivided, as necessary:
 Introduction: Break this into two parts. First, introduce yourself and your
organization, if applicable, and summarize your qualifications. (You will go
into greater depth later.) Second, introduce the issues by summarizing your
understanding of the client's problem.
 Discussion of the problem: Extend the second part of the introduction here
with the goal of demonstrating your comprehension of the issues. Analyze the
requirements established in the RFP (request for proposal) and briefly discuss
the possible approaches to solving the problem. Finally, explain the approach
you propose and why it is the best solution.
 Proposed project: Detail exactly how you intend to deliver the solution. Don't
limit it to a discussion of the technology. Provide the specifics of the
implementation, including:
1. All major phases, tasks, and the expected results.
2. Schedules for all of the above.
3. Functions; if you'll be working with a staff or a colleague, specify duties.
4. A detailed cost analysis, breaking down your direct and indirect costs,
covering supplies, labour, and other expenses.
 Experience: Go further into your qualifications, providing the following:
1. Your resume and those of other key players, if applicable

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 2. A description of your resources, such as office facilities and equipment
3. A summary of past projects relevant to the proposed solution (For
example, you could outline a brief case study that notes how much
money you saved another client with a similar approach.)
 Appendices: If necessary, attach as appendices any material that isn't directly
relevant but supports the proposal. This is the appropriate place for letters of
recommendation from previous clients or reports or studies to reinforce
claims you've made elsewhere.
Use flowcharts and graphics where appropriate throughout the proposal for
elements such as organizational charts, milestones, and implementation phases.
These, visual aids help keep reader's attention and reinforce your text.
For all but the largest projects, your proposal is likely to be between 25 and
50 pages. I have found that the discussion of the technology and the
implementation description and schedules take up the largest amount of space.
If you are truly knowledgeable about how you plan to solve the client's needs,
you will find that writing description goes quickly. If you find yourself at a loss to
explain your solution, its likely that you need to tweak the solution, not the
proposal
2. Parts of Informal Proposal
The informal proposal doesn't have a cover page. It is not meant to be printed
and bound. Indeed, it's not for "client company” consumption; to the contrary,
you want to address it, if at all possible, to just one person at the client company
cc’ing his or her teammates/lieutenants as necessary.
Follow these steps when writing an informal proposal:
a. State your purpose. Do this clearly and concisely so that the reader knows
immediately why you are writing.
b. Give some background information about why you are proposing your
suggestion so that the reader has a better understanding of the problem.
c. State a solution to the problem; this is where you give specifics about your
suggestion.
d. Continue with any costs that will be involved.
e. Conclude by restating the problem and proposed solution.

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Example:

The Header
To : Rev. Mark Smith
From : Nicole Johnson
Date : March 10, 2011

Subject: Aproposal to purchase new pencil sharpeners for the classrooms of St.
Mary’s School
Purpose
I write this letter to propose a solution to a recurring problem at St. Mary's
School. The problem is that the pencil sharpeners in the classrooms are very old and
do not work effectively anymore. Students and teachers continually become
frustrated because it is difficult to sharpen a pencil with the current sharpeners, and
pencils that are sharp are crucial for effective learning.
I Suggest that we order new pencil sharpeners for each classroom so that the
students will have pencils that work well and will therefore be able to write without
the frustration of worn down pencil points.
Problem of Ineffective Pencil Sharpeners
There are 217 students enrolled in kindergarten through eighth grade at St.
Mary's School. These students occupy 12 classrooms each day: None of these
classrooms has a pencil sharpener that works well; it takes several minutes to
sharpen just one pencil.
This means that if all of the students need to sharpen their pencils once a day
(depending on how much writing is being done, a pencil may need to be sharpened
more than once a day), it could take an average of thirty minutes to sharpen them
all before the students can sit down to their desks and start learning the day's
lessons. Thirty minutes of time spent sharpening pencils takes away a great deal
from instructional time.
However, not all the students need to sharpen their pencils at the same time.
This need arises at various times throughout the day, often at the beginning of a test
or a new lesson.
Because of the length of time it takes to sharpen a pencil, the teachers have
continuous interruptions in their lessons throughout the day. Almost everything
done in a classroom requires a pencil, especially as students get older, and it is
difficult to get anything done without this basic tool.
The current pencil sharpeners have been in the classrooms as long as Mrs.
Morris has taught here, and that is over thirty years. They do not work well because
they have been in use for so long. Even after sharpening for sèveral minutes, the
pencil points still are not as sharp as they should be, and the points break off easily,
causing them to need to be sharpened yet again.

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 Solution to the Problem
I propose that we purchase electric pencil sharpeners for each classroom. These
work quickly and effectively, and take only a few seconds to sharpen a pencil.
Office World carries several pencil sharpeners designed specifically for schools
and the high volume of use the sharpeners get in classrooms.
I propose we purchase 12 of the Used-AII-Day Pro Student Electric Pencil
Sharpeners. These sharpeners have received strong reviews on the Office World
website. In addition, Central Elementary School purchased these for all their
classrooms four years ago, and their principal has told me how well they still work.
Costs
The Used-All-Day Pro Student Electric Pencil Sharpeners cost $42.29 each.
However, Office World gives a discount if purchasing ten or more, reducing the cost
to $35.29 each. Because we are a member of the Office World Schools frequent
shopper program, we will receive 2% of our purchase back at the end of the school
year. This makes the total cost of the purchase $415.01.
Several electric sharpeners exist that cost more and less than this one, but
because of the recommendations of others, I believe that purchasing a middle-
priced sharpener will be a wise choice for St. Mary's School. Because Office World
offers free shipping for purchases over $50, we will not have any shipping costs.
Conclusion
In conclusjon, I think purchasing new electric pencil sharpeners for each
ciassroom would be of tremendous benefit to St. Mary's School. It would put an end
to the constant frustration of students never being able to find sharp pencils, and of
losing instructional time because of the length of time it takes to use our current
sharpeners.
Thank you for considering making this purchase for our teachers and students!

Task 7
Answer the questions below based on the above example about parts of formal
proposal!
1. What should we write to start a formal proposal based on the text?
Answer :
2. How many subdivision are mentioned in the text?
Answer :
3. What should we introduce in the introduction?
Answer :
4. What must we write/type in the part of discussion of the problem?
Answer :
5. What should we provide in the proposed project?
Answer :
6. Must we provide a description of our resouroes; such as office facilities and
equipment in the part of experience?
Answer :
7. What may we include as appendices?

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 Answer :
8. Where can we find a detailed cost analysis, breaking down your direct and indirect
costs, covering supplies, labour, and other expenses?
Answer :

Task 8
Make a sentences based on the following word!
1. Outline : .....................................................................................................
2. Benefit : .....................................................................................................
3. Budget : .....................................................................................................
4. Fundable : .....................................................................................................
5. Cost : .....................................................................................................
6. Project : .....................................................................................................
7. Outcomes : .....................................................................................................
8. Purchase : .....................................................................................................
9. Contribution : .....................................................................................................
10. Administrative : .....................................................................................................

D. Additional Proposal Elements to Consider

1. Describe your qualifications to take on and/or lead this project; persuade the reader
that you have the required skills, experience, and expertise to complete this job.
2. Decide what graphics to use to illustrate your ideas, present data, and enhance your
pitch.
3. Include secondary research to enhance your credibility and the strength of your
proposal.
4. Choose format; is this a memo to an internal audience or a formal report to an
external audience? Does it require a letter of transmittal?
All proposals must be convincing, logical, and credible, and to do this, they must
consider audience, purpose and tone.
An engineering proposal is not an advertisement. It must show, with objective language,
clarity, and thoroughness, that the writers know what they are doing and will
successfully complete the project.

E. Sample Proposal Organization

Each proposal will be unique in that it must address a particular audience, in a

particular context, for a specific purpose. However, the following offers a fairly standard
organization for many types of proposals:

Introduction/Background Clearly and fully defines the problem or opportunity

addressed by the proposal, and briefly presents the

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 solution idea; convinces the reader that there is a
clear need, and a clear benefit to the proposed idea.

Detailed description of solution idea and detailed

explanation of how the proposed idea will improve
the situation:

Confirm feasibility (is it do-able?) How will you find

out?

Explain the specific benefits of implementing the idea

Project Description
and the consequences of not doing it

Give a detailed description or explanation of your

proposed idea or methodology, and the resources
needed to achieve goals

Address potential obstacles or objections; concede

where appropriate

Establish writer’s qualifications and experience to

Credentials
lead this project.

Provide a detailed timeline for completion of project

(use a Gantt chart to indicate when each stage of the
Timeline and Budget
project will be complete). Provide an itemized budget
for completing the proposed project.

This is your last chance to convince the reader; be

Conclusion
persuasive!

References List your research sources.

Task 9
Study the complete proposal below to get some information for answering the next task!
CHAPTERI
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Background
In globalization era, home industry is increasing, especially those which produce local
products. Everyone knows and likes tahu or tofu, one kind of cheap and delicious food
which is sold everywhere. Tahu has been popular food of Indonesian society. The popularity
of tahu is unlimited not only because its taste is good, but also because it is easy to be
processed into various meals and the price is cheap. Additionally, tahu is one of foods that

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has high protein and the quality is equivalent to animal protein. Tahu is usually consumed
by many people, both children and adults.
As we know, every city has famous local food, and so does Sumedang. Sumedang has
the most famous snack, namely Tahu Sumedang. Tahu Sumedang is different from the
other kinds of tahu. Tahu Sumedang is one of traditional foods in Sumedang. Tahu
Sumedang is rich in protein because the basic material is from soybeans containing high
protein. Consuming protein is certainly very good for the growth of the body, especially for
children.
The innovation thatI have of Tahu Sumedang is Tahu Kremes. Tahu Kremes has special
characteristic that is the delicious kremes; the crunchy condiment made of rice flour and
seasoning. It can be seen as typical food from Sumedang. Everyone likes Tahu Sumedang
very much because it has high nutrition and without preservative.

1.2 The Purpose

In running a business, an entrepreneur has the purpose on why the business is
established.
The followings are the purposes of our business:
 To promote local product
Time after time, many local products are often overlooked. Therefore, we intend to
increase the existence and popularity of local product in Sumedang, namely Tahu
Sumedang.
 To share business experience
This business has good prospects to be developed by many people. And then, if we
share this business experience to others, Tahu Sumedang will be widely known by
many people.
 To improve market opportunities and prospect
 To get high proft
Besides getting our product known by many people, getting high profit is one of our
goals in increasing the progress of the business.

1.3 Business Vision and Mission

A. Business Vision
Be a competitive product in quality and quantity in the global market, do not pollute
the environment, and create a traditional concept.
B. Business Mission
 To open market opportunity
Even though many competitors are working in the same kind of business, we work
around with the different innovation of the products that already exist. It comes
with better taste of the innovation, affordable price, and it's highly nutritious. We
believe that Tahu Sumedang Kremes is able to compete in the marketplace.
 To provide the best service to consumers

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 Service is one of the important aspects in increasing the quality of the business.
We must give the excellent service to our consumers.
 To make Tahu Sumedang as the favourite food
We will always increase the quality of Our product so that Tahu Sumedang can be
a favourite food for many people
 To maintain the quality of the product and environment
Not polluting the environment is one ot our preferences to make Tahu Sumedang
more qualified and ecofriendly.
 To maintain the purity of product
We maintain the purity of the product to keep the good taste of our product.

CHAPTER II
FEASIBILITY STUDY
2.1 Specification of Product
Our main products are the original Tahu' Sumedang and Tahu Sumedang Kremes. Here
is the price list of our product:
 Original Tahu Sumedang/package (4 pcs) is Rp2.500,00
 Tahu Kremes/package (4 pcs) is Rp3.500,00
 Lontong is Rp500,00
 Sambal is Rp1.500,00
The price is changeable in accordance with the market condition. The tofu is usually
packed by using bongsang, a particular kind of small basket and cangkedong, a typical food
container made of woven palm leaves.

2.2 SWOT Analysis

Before we do the business activities, we must pay, attention to the problems and
threats which can disturb our business activities in the future and we have to find the
opportunity that is profitable to run our business. Therefore, we must make business plan
by using SWOT analysis.
They are:
 Strength
 Weakness
 Opportunity
 Threat
By doing SWOT analysis, we can find the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat
of the business that can increase our profit. Here is the SWOT Analysis of Tahu Sumedang:
A. STRENGTH
1. Tahu Sumedang is the famous local product,
Tahu Sumedang has known by many people. It can be one of our strengths that
can aid the increase in the popularity of our business.
2. Highly nutritious and rich in protein

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 Being made from high quality soybeans makes Tahu Sumedang highly nutritious
and rich in protein. It can be consumed by all people; children, teenagers, and
adults.
3. Crispy and delicious
Tahu Sumedang is different in terms of its texture and appearance It is crispy on
the outside and soft in the inside.
4. Favourite food
The taste of Tahu Sumedang is different from the other kinds of tahu. It makes our
product excellent as a favourite food.
5. Affordable price
Just with Rp 5,000,00, people can enjoy our product that has high level of taste.
6. No preservative
To maintain the purity of our product, in the production of Tahu Sumedang we do
not used preservative. It is because preservative is not good for our health.
7. Having a lot of marketing relation
B. WEAKNESS
1. Not long-lasting food
Because it is produced without preservative and has high water content, Our
product is not durable.
2. Easily cracked
The soft texture of the tahu makes our product easily cracked if it is not maintained
properly
C. OPPORTUNITY
1. Easy to get
Our product is sold everywhere, even at street vendors along the roads in West
Java, making it easy for consumers to buy Tahu Sumedang with affordable price
2. Not only as a main meal, but also a snack and a typical food
Many people enjoy Tahu Sumedang as a snack. Moreover, you can include our
product as a typical food/snack from Sumedang.
3. A lot of shops along the street
There are a lot of shops along the street that can increase the target profit of our
business.
4. The culture of consumerism in our society encourages people to tend to buy "new"
things.
D. THREAT
1. A lot of competitors from other snack products
There are many competitors who sell similar products.
2. The expensive price of soybeans as the main material

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2.3 Marketing Mix (4P Concept)
In marketing, there are four basic elements of marketing activities. They are called 4P:
product, price, place, and promotion. To grant customer's satisfaction, the 4P concept
should be set up well by concerning what customers need and want.
A. Product
The product is tahu kremes. It is from selected and high quality materials. It has a
delicious taste and good for our health.
B. Price
The price of our product is very competitive and cheap. It can be bought by everyone.
Original Tahu Sumedang/package is Rp5.000,00, containing 4 pcs of original Tahu
Sumedang, 2 pcs lontong, and 1 pcs sambal. Tahu Kremes/package is Rp6.000,00,
containing 4 pcs of tahu kremes, 2 pcs lontong, and 1 pcs sambal
C. Place
Our product can be found on bazaar in SMKN 2 Sumedang and street vendors in West
Java.
D. Promotion
The promotion is carried out by spreading brochures and personal selling.

CHAPTER II
BUDGETING
Total of
Name of Purchasing Selling Total
No. Quantity Selling Profit
Product Price Price Expense
Price
Original
Tahu
1. Sumedang/ 10 Rp 1.200,00 Rp 2.500,00 Rp 12.000,00 Rp 25.000,00 Rp 13.000,00
package (4
pcs)
Tahu
Kremes/
2. 10 Rp 1.500,00 Rp 3.500,00 Rp 15.000,00 Rp 35.000,00 Rp 20.000,00
package (4
pcs)
3. Lontong 20 Rp 400,00 Rp 500,00 Rp 8.000,00 Rp 10.000,00 Rp 2.000,00
4. Sambal 10 Rp 800,00 Rp 1.500,00 Rp 8.000,00 Rp 15.000,00 Rp 7.000,00
TOTAL Rp 85.000,00 Rp 42.000,00

3.1 Cash flow

Gross Margin = Rp 42.000,00
Promotion = Rp 3.000,00
Wrapping = Rp 3.000,00
Transportation = Rp 4.000,00
Rp 10.000.00 _
Profit = Rp 32.000,00

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3.2 Percentage of Profit
Percentage of Net Profit = Net Profit x 100%
The Total of Selling
= Rp 32.000.00 x 100%
Rp 85.000,00
= 37.6 %

3.3 Cost Estimation

A. Capital
Tahu Sumedang (4 pcs) @10 x Rp 1.200,00 = Rp 12.000,00
Tahu Kremes (4 pcs) @10 x Rp 1.500,00 = Rp 15.000,00
Lontong 20 pcs x Rp 400,00 = Rp 8.000,00
Sambal 10 pcs x Rp 800,00 = Rp 8.000.00 +
Rp 43.000,00

B. Selling Estimation
Tahu Sumedang (4 pcs) @10 x Rp 2.500,00 = Rp 25.000,00
Tahu Kremes (4 pcs) @10 x Rp 3.500,00 = Rp 35.000,00
Lontong 20 pcs x Rp 500,00 = Rp 10.000,00
Sambal 10 pcs x Rp 1.500,00 = Rp 15.000,00 +
Rp 85.000,00

C. Percentage of Net Profit

Selling Cost = Rp 85.000,00
Purchasing Cost = Rp 43.000.00 _
Gross Margin Rp 42.000,00
Promotion = Rp 3.000,00
Wrapping = Rp 3.000,00
Transpotation = Rp 4.000.00 _
Profit = Rp 32.000,00

Net of Profit = Rp 32.000.00 x 100%

The Total of Selling = Rp 85.000,00
= 37.6%

CHAPTERIV
CLOSING

4.1 Conclusion
Tahu Sumedang is one of traditional/typical foods from Sumedang. Our product is
differernt from the other products made of tahu because Tahu Sumedang has different

18
appearance; it is crispy on the outside and soft in the inside. It can be consumed by all
people because it is made of soybeans which contain high protein.
Based on the explanation, we can conclude that:
1. The purpose of our business is to promote local product and to increase society's
income
2. This business has good prospect to be developed.
3. The profit percentage of the business is 37.6%.

Answer the questions below based on Task 18 carefully

1. Mention the components/outline of it!
2. Where can we find the explanation of the weakness of the product?
3. Mention the selling price of all products offered!
4. What can you conclude after reading the proposal? Give you own answer!

F. Language Considerations
Proposals are fundamentally persuasive documents, so paying attention to the rhetorical
situation—position of the reader (upward, lateral, downward or outward
communication), the purpose of the proposal, the form, and the tone—is paramount.
1. Clearly define your purpose and audience before you begin to write
2. Be sure you have done research so you know what you are talking about
3. Remain positive and constructive: you are seeking to improve a situation
4. Be solution oriented; don’t blame or dwell on the negative
5. Make your introduction very logical, objective, and empirical; don’t start off sounding
like an advertisement or sounding biased; avoid logical fallacies
6. Use primarily logical and ethical appeals; use emotional appeals sparingly
As always, make sure that your writing is:
1. Clear and Coherent: don’t confuse your reader with unclear ideas or an illogically
organized structure.
2. Concise and Courteous: don’t annoy your reader with clutter, unnecessary padding,
inappropriate tone, or hard-to-read formatting.
3. Concrete and Complete: avoid vague generalities; give specifics. Don’t leave out
necessary information.
4. Correct: don’t undermine your professional credibility by neglecting grammar and
spelling, or by including inaccurate information.

G. The Life Cycle of A Project Idea

A great idea does not usually go straight from proposal to implementation. You may
think it would be a great idea to construct a green roof on top of the Clearihue building,
but before anyone gives you the go ahead for such an expensive and time-consuming
project, they will need to know that you have done research to ensure the idea is cost
effective and will actually work.

19
 Most ideas start out as a proposal to determine if the idea is really feasible, or to find
out which of several options will be most advantageous. So before you propose the actual
green roof, you propose to study whether or not it is a feasible idea. Before you recommend
a data storage system, you propose to study 3 different systems to find out which is the best
one for this particular situation. Your proposal assumes the idea is worth looking into,
convinces the reader that it is worth spending the time and resources to look into, and gives
detailed information on how you propose to do the “finding out.”
Phases of a project and some accompanying communications tasks.

Once a project is in the implementation phase, the people who are responsible for the
project will likely want regular status updates and/or progress reports to make sure that
the project is proceeding on time and on budget, or to get a clear, rational explanation for
why it is not.

20
Students Activity
LET’S DO THIS
Create an outline which is contained of the purpose, bussiness vision and
mission and SWOT analysis of your product.

HOMEWORK
Make a food or baverage stall business proposal using the mentioned parts
below on piece of paper creatively!
I. Introduction
- The background
- The purpose
- Business visions and missions
II. Feasibility study
- Specification
- SWOT analysis
- Marketing mix
III. Budgeting
- Cash flow
- Percentage of profit
- Cost estimation
IV. Closing
- Conclution

Evaluation
Choose the correct answer by crossing a, b, c, d, or e!
Complete the text below carefully for number 1 to 5!
How to Write a Short and Effective Proposal
Proposals do not need to be long/ You are not writing a.. (1) story. The most important
thing is that you provide the.. (2) and the essence of your idea. There are also some parts that
you should remember and you do in writing an effective proposal, So, dont forget to
 Write an ... (3). Your introduction could be three to four sentences long. Use
captivating words and expressions to get the attention of your reader.
 Compose the body. The most common ... (4) of a body is composed of three short
paragraphs. Each has. its own thought but should correlate with the rest.
 Draw a conclusion. Summarize your ideas and repeat. any important highlight.
Another suggestion is you can write in a question format to keep your reader ... (5).
1. a. report
b. narrative

21
 c. descriptive
d. advertisement
e. song lyric
2. a. gist
b. give
c. gift
d. gave
e. guest
3. a. introducing
b. greeting
c. introduction
d. intro
e. greatful
4. a. part
b. party
c. park
d. port
e. pattern
5. a. instict
b. thinking
c. quiz
d. inquisitive
e. question
The dialogue is for number 6 to 8.
Manda : Hi, sister. Have you finished your proposal?
Lisa : No, I haven't. I find a difficulty
Manda : What is it?
Lisa : Actually, I need some tips for getting my simple proposal noticed. I don't believe
that my proposal is good enough. What must I do, Sister?
Manda : Don't worry. I still have a good proposal and it got noticed some months ago.
Lisa : May I get your tips for making my proposal well?
Manda : Of course! First, you should make an interesting introduction. It all boils down to
first impressions. Catch the attention of your reader by providing a good
introduction that could take them reading the whole proposal.
Lisa : That's the first point. I will follow the tips. What's the next?
Manda : Second, you should use a good font. Sometimes, the presentation of your proposal
is also important. You cannot impress a reader with small and ordinary ones. Use
the ones that provide impact and nice appeal.
Lisa : Really? Can I 'use a good and unique font for my proposal?
Manda : Yes, you can. It's really better if you choose a readable font. It makes anything in
its track.

22
Lisa : Of course, sister! Whať's the next?
Manda : The last, you should create an outline first. The structure of your ideas is also
important. Proper indentation and spacing should be considered. Do not use a
small space when you have the rest of page blank. That's all my tips to get your
proposal noticed.
Lisa : Thanks a lot, sister, I hope it can be great.
Manda : Do your best! I believe that you can.
Lisa : Yes! Thank you.
6. Who makes a proposal?
a. Manda and Lisa do.
b. Manda does.
c. Lisa does.
d. Teacher does.
e. The readers do.
7. How many tips does Manda share to Lisa?
a. 5
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
e. 2
8. What must Lisa do in the first step?
a. She should use a good font
b. She should choose a unique and readable font.
c. She should make an interesting introduction.
d. She should care of every margin in her proposal.
e. She should create an outline
9. Why must Lisa create an outline?
a. Because it can catch the attention of your reader.
b. Because it can provide impact and nice appeal.
c. Because the structure of her ideas is also important.
d. Because it can make the proposal better.
e. Because it is needed to complete the proposal.
The text is for number 10 to 12.
How to Write a Short Business Proposal
Writing a busines proposal is hard because everyone is careful in choosing a business
idea. So, make sure you got the right skills to write one.
 Conduct a research. This is the first thing that you need to do. To convince a panel of
judges for a business project, you need to back yourself with factual information and
statistical data.
 Set your objective. Establish a smart goal. It will be your guide so that you can convince
yourself that you want to attain that target.

23
  Create an outline. The way that you should present your business proposal is
important. Coherence consistency is always considered when presenting your ideas.
10. Why is it difficult to write a business proposal?
a. Because everyone really needs business in his or her life.
b. Because everyonę is careful in choosing a business idea.
c. Because people are easy in choosing what type of business they want
d. Because it is difficult to get a partner in a business.
e. Because all people really need some success in their businesses.
11. Why must we conduct a research in writing a business proposal?
a. To establish a smart goal
b. To convince yourself that you want to attain a target
c. To show that you make a fact
d. To guide the readerto your research
e. To convince a panel of judges for a business project, so we need to back ourselves
with factual information and statistical data
12. "The way that you should present your business proposal is important. Coherence
consistency What is the meaning of the underlined italic word?
a. Berbeda
b. Bersahutan
c. Berada
d. Berhubungan
e. Beralasan
13. What is proposal?
a. It is a document which is composed for readers within the writer 's department,
division, or company and are generally short in the form of a memo with the intention
of solving an immediate problem.
b. A document which is designed to show how one organization can meet the needs of
another and may be either solicited, meaning in response to a request, or unsolicited,
meaning without any assurance that the proposal will even be considered.
c. A document for which the recepient of the proposal in some way requested.
Typically, a company will send out requests for proposals (public announcements
requesting proposals for a specific project) through the mail or publish them in some
news source.
d. They are those in which the recepient has not requested proposals. With unsolicited
proposals, you sometimes must convince the recipient that a problem or need exists
before you can begin the main part of the proposal
e. A document that offers a solution to a problem or a course of action in response to a
need.
14. How many common types of proposals are there?
a. 3
b. 5

24
 c. 4
d. 6
e. 7
15. What is solicited proposal?
a. A document that offers a solution to a problem or a course of action in response to a
need.
b. It is a document which is composed for readers within the writer's department,
division, or company and are generally short in the form of a memo with the intention
of solving an immediate problem.
c. A document which is designed to show how one organization can meet the needs of
another and may be either solicited, meaning in response to a request, or unsolicited,
meaning without any assurance that the proposal will even be considered.
d. It is a requested proposal, because a company will send out requests for proposals
(Public announcements requesting proposals for a specific project) through the mail
or publish them in some news Source.
e. It is not requested proposals, because a company will not send out requests for
proposals through the mail or publish them in some news source.
The following dialogue is for number 16 to 20!
Yoga : Good morning, Mr. Adam.
Mr. Adam : Good morning. May I help you?
Yoga : I'm sorry to ... (1) you, Sir. May I have your time? I would like to talk about
something.
Mr. Adam : That’s Okay. What do you want to talk about, Yoga?
Yoga : I would like to send a ... (2) for this office.
Mr. Adam : May I check it, first?
Yoga : Yes, Sir.
(After reading the proposal)
Mr. Adam : have read this proposal. It is about a cooperation, right?
Yoga : Yes, Sir. My friends and I have a new bread and cake brand. We want to have
some coorperations with some wedding organizers in this city.
Mr. Adam : That's great. You and your friend have a good ... (3).
Yoga : Thank you, Sir.
Mr. Adam : I will talk about this proposal to my son, first. Actually, this wedding ... (4) is
handled by him.
Yoga : All right, Sir. There are some notes which we write. They are about different
prices of our products. The sooner will get the lower price.
Mr. Adam : Okay. I will tell him soon. If he agrees to have a ... (5) with you, he will contact
you in your email or this phone number.
Yoga : Yes, Sir, I really thank you for this time, I think have to go now. Have a nice day,
Sir.
Mr. Adam : You're welcome. Have a nice day, too.

25
16. a. disturbing
b. disturbs
c. disturb
d. disturbed
e. is disturbing
17. a. prose
b. poses
c. prospect
d. proposal
e. purpose
18. a. prospect
b. poses
c. prose
d. purpose
e. proposal
19. a. organizes
b. organizing
c. organize
d. organization
e. organizer
20. a. cooperative
b. cooperation
c. cooperates
d. cooperate
e. operation

Refleksi

Express your Feeling

After you learn all the materials, write your opinions and feelings about it down
here.
____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

26
 Glossaries
B
Branding : Activity of giving a particular name and image to goods and services to attract
buyers.
C
Client : Person who receives helps or advice from a professional person.
D
Development : Gradual growth of something.
E
Estimate : Form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc of something, but without calculating
it exactly.
G
Goal : Something that you hope to achieve.
O
Offer : say that you are willing to do something for somebody or give something to
somebody.
P
Project : Planned piece of work designed to find information about something or to
produce something new.
Proposal : Formal suggestion or plan.
S
Scheme : Plan or system for doing or organizing something.

27
 REFERENCE
Pixabay License. Proposal image. (Online). https://pixabay.com/en/couple-love-marriage-
proposal-47192/.
R. Irish and P. Weiss. 2013. Engineering Communication: From Principle to Practice, 2nd Ed.,
Don Mill, ONT: Oxford UP.
Lightbulb image. (Online).
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/667355/aha_brilliance_idea_think_thought_icon.
BC Campus. Technical Writing Essential. Proposal. (Online).
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/technicalwriting/chapter/proposals/
Meredith Little. TechRepublic. 2002. (Online). https://www.techrepublic.com/article/what-
to-include-in-formal-and-informal-proposals/
Your Dictionary. Word Finder. (Online). http://examples.yourdictionary.com/what-is-
example-informal-written-proposal.html
Captureplanning.com. What's the Difference Between Solicited and Unsolicited Proposals.
(Online). http://www.captureplanning.com/articles/13597.cfm
https://www.examples.com/business/short-proposal.htm
Dhinna Liezantica A’nnur Mulyono. Example Business Project/Contoh Proposal Usaha dalam
Bahasa Inggris. 2014. (Online).
http://dhinnaliezanticaam.blogspot.co.id/2014/03/example-business-project-
contoh.html
Dhinna Liezantica A’nnur Mulyono. Example Business Project/Contoh Proposal Usaha dalam
Bahasa Inggris. 2014. (Online). https:/www.examples.com/business/shortproposal.html

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