Madnawati Public School
Sambalpur
AINTHAPALI, SAMABALPUR
SESSION : 2022-23
chemistry PROJECT
TOPIC
Study of ions
GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED
BY:
Mrs. P .P Sarangi Dibyansu Das
(Dept. Of chemistry ) Class – XII
Roll no – 11
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
my chemistry teacher Mrs. P .P Sarangi as well as my
school who gave me this golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project of study of ions
Secondly i would like to thank my parents and friends
who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within
limited time frame
Lastly i would like to thank all my supporters who have
motivated me to fulfil my project in limited time
interval.
Dibyansu Das
Class -12th (science)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Dibyansu Das of class 12 th-A of
Madnawati public school roll No.11 has successfully
completed his Chemistry project file. He has taken
utmost care and sincerity in completion of his project.
All the work related to the project was done by the
candidate himself. The approach towards the subject has
been sincere and scientific
I certify that this project is upto the expectation and
guidelines issued by CBSE.
Student
External signature Internal signature
CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2.AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
3.THEORY
4.APPARATURE REQUIRED
5.CHEMICAL REQUIRED
6.PROCEDURE
7.CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED
8.RESULT AND CONCLUSION
9. BIBILOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material natural or synthetic origin
that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to
the growth of plants. They used to enriched the soil with nutrients that it
does not inherently have. They should be strictly as a deficiency buster.
Inordinate use of different types of fertilizers to kill the naturally present
ingredients in soil too. So, it is important to use them carefully and only
as per need. Fertilizer are manufactured commercial products which
contain one or more essential plant nutrients. For a material to be
qualified as a fertilizer it should contain nutrient in appreciable amount
and in readily or potential usable form. Fertilizer are used with sole
purpose of improving soil fertility so that it can support large harvests. It
represents the most common currency used by farmers to deposit plant
nutrient into their soil to ensure that adequate nutrient are available to
feed the crop. Plant roots absorb these fertiliser granules as they come
out of the bag or dung particles as they are in manure heap. Soil is the
looses of the earth's crust , which serves as a natural medium for plants
to grow and it must supply sufficient quantity of nutrients for the growth
of plants. During most of our existence on earth, hunting and gathering
have procured food security. Soil fertility is diminishing gradually due to
soil erosion ,loss of nutrients ,accumulation ofsalts and other toxic
elements, water logging and unbalanced nutrient compensation. Organic
waste an bio fertilizers are the alternate sources to meet the
Nutrient of crops and to bridge the future gaps. Farming regions that
emphasising heavy chemical application agricultural and health
consequences. Many efforts led to adverse environmental, are being
exercised to combat the adverse consequences of chemical farming.
Fertilizers are broadly classified as
1. Bio-fertilizers
2. Chemical fertilizer
BIO-FERTILIZER
The name bio fertilizer itself is self-explanatory. The fertilizer that are
used to improve the fertility of the land using biological waste and
biological forms are termed as biofertilizer. Further biological wastes do
not contain any chemicals which are detrimental to the living soil with
those micro organisms which produced organic nutrients for the soil and
help in combacting disease. The farm produce does not contain traces of
hazardous and poisonous material. Chen(2006) is of the opinion that for
optimum plant growth, nutrients must be in sufficient quantities with in
soil, in order to allow for unhindered plant development
ADVANTAGES OF BIO FERTILIZERS
They secrets certain growth promoting substances, further they are
harmless, eco friendly and low cost agro input supplementary To
chemical fertilizers. They increase the soil fertility, improve soil
structure, porosíty and water holding capacity and also enhances seed
germination. Under certain condition they exhibit anti fungal activities
and thereby protect the plants from pathogenic fungi.
CHEMICAL FERTILIZER
They defined as any inorganic material of wholly or partially synthetic
origin that is added to the soil to sustain plant growth. Chemical fertiliser
are produced synthetically.
Aim of the Project:-
To identity of ions (cations & anions) in common fertilizers
Theory:
Fertilizers are compounds that furnish both cations and anions readity
in their aqueous solutions
Constituent ions in common fertilisers
Thus the ions furnished by the common fertilizers in aqueous solution
are:-
CATIONS :
ANIONS:
APPARATUS REQUIRED:-
Test tube, test tube holder, spirit lamp, test tube stand, glass rod,
beaker, analytical balance box, water, match box, conical flask, tripod
stand ,wire gauze.
CHEMICALS REOUIRED:-
Fertiliser I, Fertiliser II, Barium chloride, dil.HCL, Ferrous Sulphate
solutions, Concentrated sulphuric acid, Sodium hydroxide solution,
Acetic acid solution, Lead acetate solution.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
From the above test performed it was found that fertiliser it Contains
nitrate i0n as anion and ammonium ion as cation. Hence this fertiliser is
identified to be ammonium nitrate. It was also conducted that fertiliser
II contains sulphate ion as anion and ammonium ion as cation. Fertiliser
II was identified to be ammonium sulphate. In this experimental study it
was concluded that the dry heating test for testing the presence of cation
and anions from the total ions present in them. A Confimatory test needs
to be performed for each of those few 1ons in the confirm the presence of
ions unknown compound so as to confirm the presence of ions actually
present in them.
BIBLOGRAPHY
NCERT BOOK
PRADEEP REFERENCE BOOK
WWW.GOOGLE.COM
WWW.CHEMISTRYPROJECT.COM
WWW.CBSEGUIDE.COM
