JPL Spec ES504255 I

General Specification
CODE IDENT NO.
23835
SPEC NO.
ES504255, REV I
ISSUE DATE
2/9/99
SUPERSEDING
ES504255 H
DATED
6 JANUARY 1999

TORQUE REQUIREMENTS
MECHANICAL THREADED FASTENERS
(SPACECRAFT STRUCTURE EQUIPMENT)
GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR

* Printed copies of this document may not be current and should not be used for official
purposes. The current version is in the DMIE Information System at http://dmie

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

California Institute of Technology

JPL Spec ES504255 I

JPL Spec ES504255 I

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section

Page

1.

SCOPE................................................................................................................................ 3

1.1
1.2
1.3

Contents............................................................................................................................... 3
Purpose................................................................................................................................ 3
Nonstandard Torques .......................................................................................................... 3

2.

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................ 3

2.1

Listing .................................................................................................................................. 3

3.

REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 6

3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.1.1
3.2.1.2
3.2.1.3
3.2.1.4
3.2.1.5
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.3.1
3.4.3.2
3.4.3.2.1
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.4.6.1
3.4.7
3.4.8
3.4.8.1
3.4.9
3.4.9.1
3.4.10
3.4.11
3.4.11.1
3.4.11.2
3.4.11.3

Conflicting Requirements .................................................................................................... 6

Installation Holes ................................................................................................................ 6
Hole Preparation ................................................................................................................ 6
Diameters. ........................................................................................................................... 6
Perpendicularity .................................................................................................................. 6
Finish................................................................................................................................... 6
Circularity ........................................................................................................................... 6
Cleaning .............................................................................................................................. 6
Fastener Threads ................................................................................................................ 6
Unified National Thread ..................................................................................................... 6
J Form Thread ..................................................................................................................... 6
Preferred Threads ............................................................................................................... 6
Bolt Stress Area ................................................................................................................... 6
Bolts, Screws and Nuts ........................................................................................................ 6
Preferred Parts.................................................................................................................... 6
Installation .......................................................................................................................... 6
Quantity of Fasteners Used ................................................................................................. 6
Wrenches ............................................................................................................................. 7
Torque Application.............................................................................................................. 7
Installation Torque .............................................................................................................. 7
Standard Torque Values ...................................................................................................... 7
Self-Locking Fasteners ........................................................................................................ 7
Thread Engagement ............................................................................................................ 7
Washer Identification .......................................................................................................... 7
Self-Locking Features ......................................................................................................... 7
Replacement Criteria .......................................................................................................... 7
Thread Length ..................................................................................................................... 7
Bolt and Screw Length ........................................................................................................ 8
Grip Adjustment .................................................................................................................. 8
Washers ............................................................................................................................... 8
Washers with Flush Head Fasteners................................................................................... 8
Design Torque Requirements .............................................................................................. 8
Preloads .............................................................................................................................. 8
Fasteners assembly ............................................................................................................. 8
Tapped Holes....................................................................................................................... 8
Preloads for Bolts/Screws Installed Into Inserts ................................................................ 8

JPL Spec ES504255 I

3.4.11.4
3.4.11.5
3.4.11.6
3.4.11.7
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.1.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.3.1
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
3.5.6.1

Special Preloads................................................................................................................. 8
Special Torque Values......................................................................................................... 8
Electronic Equipment and Assembly ................................................................................... 9
Nylon Screws and Nuts........................................................................................................ 9
Torque ................................................................................................................................. 9
Installation Torque .............................................................................................................. 9
Torque Coefficient K ........................................................................................................... 9
Torque Wrench Personnel ................................................................................................... 9
Overtorqued Fasteners........................................................................................................ 9
Retorquing ........................................................................................................................... 9
Multiple Installations ......................................................................................................... 9
Lubrication .......................................................................................................................... 9
Torque Tables...................................................................................................................... 9
Self-Locking Fasteners ...................................................................................................... 10

4.

QUALITY ASSURANCE ............................................................................................... 10

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.3.1
4.3.1.1
4.3.1.2
4.3.1.3
4.3.1.4
4.3.1.5
4.3.1.6

Torque Inspection.............................................................................................................. 10
Thread Length Inspection ................................................................................................. 10
Tooling .............................................................................................................................. 10
Torque Wrenches............................................................................................................... 10
Tool Accuracy ................................................................................................................... 10
Tool Selection .................................................................................................................... 10
Calibration ........................................................................................................................ 10
Sealing and Marketing ...................................................................................................... 10
Recalibration ..................................................................................................................... 10
Adapters ............................................................................................................................ 10

5.

PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY .............................................................................. 10

6.

NOTES ............................................................................................................................. 10

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2

Intended Use...................................................................................................................... 10
Formulas Used .................................................................................................................. 11
Definitions ......................................................................................................................... 12
Maximum Locking Torque ................................................................................................ 12
Breakaway Torque ............................................................................................................ 12

ii

JPL Spec ES504255 I

TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)
Table
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.

Page
Rivnuts ............................................................................................................................... 13
Inserts, Bolts/Screws, and Nuts at 80 ksi .......................................................................... 13
Blind Nuts and Anchor Nuts at 125 ksi ............................................................................. 14
Bolts/Screws, at 160 ksi, Into Inserts Assembled in
6061-T6 Aluminum ............................................................................................................ 15
Bolts/Screws, at 190 ksi, Installed Into Inserts
Assembled in 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy. ........................................................................... 16
Bolts/Screws, at 160 ksi, Into Invar and
Higher Shear Strength Aluminum Alloy ............................................................................ 17
Bolts/Screws, at 190 ksi, Into Invar and
Higher Shear Strength Aluminum Alloy ............................................................................ 18
Bolts/Screws, at 160 ksi, assembled in Tapped Material.................................................. 19
Bolts/Screws, at 190 ksi, assembled in Tapped Material.................................................. 20
Maximum Prevailing and Minimum Breakaway Torque .................................................. 21
Nylon Fasteners Assembly Torque .................................................................................... 21
Thread Engagement and Protrusion ................................................................................. 21

iii

JPL Spec ES504255 I

1.

SCOPE

Contents. This engineering specification defines the standard torque to be applied to

1.1
threaded fasteners during spacecraft assembly.
Purpose. The amount of torque applied establishes the preload in the fastener and the joint
1.2
clamp-up. Incorrect preload may result in:
a. Static failure of the fastener.
b. Static failure of a joint member.
c. Fatigue failure of the fastener.
d. Joint Separation.
e. Joint Slip.
Nonstandard Torques. Nonstandard torque values not covered in this specification shall be
1.3
called out on the controlling drawing, with any applicable procedures to be applied, as a drawing note.
2.

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

Listing. The following documents, of the issue as specified in the contractual instrument (or
2.1
as specified for use within JPL), form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein:
SPECIFICATIONS
JPL
ES516101

Torque Requirements, Threaded Fasteners, Electronic

Packaging Equipment, General Specification for

Federal
GGG-W-686

Wrench, Torque

Military
MIL-S-7742

Screw Threads, National and Unified National, Preferred Sizes

MIL-S-8879

Screw Threads, Controlled Radius Root with Increased Minor

Diameter, General Specification for

MIL-DTL-18240

Fastener Element, Self-Locking, Threaded Fastener, 250? F Max.

MIL-DTL-25027

Nut, Self-Locking, 250 Deg F, 450 Deg F, and 800 Deg F

NASC
NAS618

Fastener-Recommended Shank, Hole and Head-to-Shank Fillet

Radius for
3

JPL Spec ES504255 I

STANDARDS
JPL
DS83

Screw, Internal Wrenching, 160 ksi and 190 ksi

DS132

Screw, Pan Head, Hi-Torque Recess, Full Thread, 160

ksi CRES

DS134

Screw, Countersunk Head, Hi-Torque Recess, Full Thread, 160

ksi and 190 ksi, CRES

DS136

Bolt, Close Tolerance 12-Point External Wrench, 160 ksi and

190 ksi, CRES

QAI85-15-6-001

Calibration Torque Devices

ST10051

Screw, Cap, Socket Head Hexagon, 80 ksi, CRES

ST10060

Nut, Hexagon, Self-Locking, CRES

ST10072

Screw, Pan Head, Cross Recess, 80 ksi, CRES

ST10073

Screw, Pan Head, Hi-Torque Recess, 160 ksi, CRES

ST10224

Rivnut, Blind, Flat Head, Closed End, Keyed, Aluminum Alloy

ST10225

Rivnut, Blind, Countersunk Head, Closed End, Keyed,

Aluminum Alloy

ST11326

Insert, Non-Locking, Threaded, Miniature, Open End

ST11294

Rivnut, Blind, Flat Head, Open End, Keyed, Aluminum Alloy

90273

Washer, Countersunk, CRES

Federal
FED-STD-H28

Screw Thread Standards for Federal Services

Military
MS21076

Nut, Self-Locking, Plate, Two Lug Floating, UNC and

UNF2A CRES

MS24693

Screw, Machine, Flat Countersunk Head, Gross Recess

MS35649

Nut, Plain, Hexagon, Machine, UNC-2B, CRES

MS35650

Nut, Plain, Hexagon, Machine, UNF-2B, CRES

MS35691

Nut, Plain, Hexagon, UNF-2B, CRES

4

JPL Spec ES504255 I

MS51957

Screw, Machine, Panhead, Cross Recess, UNC-2A, CRES

MS51958

Screw, Machine, Panhead, Cross Recess, UNF-2A, CRES

NASC
NAS1216

Screw, Pan Head Slotted Dovetail Recess, Full Threaded

Self-Locking Optional

NAS1351

Screw, Cap, Socket Head Undrilled and Drilled, Plain and

Self-Locking Alloy Steel, Corrosion-Resistant Steel and
Heat-Resistant Steel, UNRF-3A

NAS1352

Screw, Cap, Socket Head Undrilled and Drilled, Plain and

Self-Locking Alloy Steel, Corrosion-Resistant Steel and
Heat-Resistant Steel, UNRC-3A and UNRC-2A

NAS1348

Fasteners - Recommended Tensile Stress Areas for

External Threaded

NAS1394

Insert, Threaded, Metal, Lightweight, CRES

NAS1395

Insert, Threaded, Metal, Heavy Duty, CRES

NAS1580C

Bolt, Countersunk Head, CRES

Commercial
Hi-Shear Corp. (CAGE 73197)
BB414

Blind Nut Assembly, Blind Expander

BB415

Blind Nut Assembly, Expander

Rexnord, Inc. (CAGE 29372)

KNB( )J

Insert, Non-Locking, Lightweight, Blind

KNCB( )J

Insert, Non-Locking, Miniature, Blind

KNC( )J

Insert, Non-Locking, Miniature

KNHB( )J

Insert, Non-Locking, Heavy Duty, Blind

Shur-Lok Corp. (CAGE 97393)

SL6061C

Insert, Blind, Threaded Molded-in, CRES

SL6096C

Insert, Threaded, Molded-in, CRES

JPL Spec ES504255 I

(Copies of specifications, standards, procedures, drawings, and publications required

by suppliers in connection with specific procurement functions should be obtained from the procuring
activity or as directed by such activity.)

3.

REQUIREMENTS

Conflicting Requirements. Conflicts arising between the requirements of this specification

3.1
and the requirements of any document referenced herein shall be referred to the procurement activity, if
any, or if not, to the cognizant engineer of the Mechanical Engineering Section (352) for resolution.
3.2

Installation Holes.

3.2.1

Hole Preparation.

3.2.1.1

Diameters. Where possible, hole diameters and tolerances shall conform to NAS618.

3.2.1.2

Perpendicularity. Holes shall be drilled perpendicular to the surface within 0.5 degree.

3.2.1.3

Finish. Holes shall be smooth and free from any drill chatter or scoring marks.

Circularity (Roundness). Holes shall be round within the best shop practice. Holes may be
3.2.1.4
reamed for shear and critical applications.
Cleaning. After the holes are machined, they shall be cleaned to remove all contaminants
3.2.1.5
before the bolts are installed.
Fastener Threads. There will be two different fastener thread series referenced in this
3.3
document.
Unified National Thread. The Unified National inch thread conforms to FED-STD-H28 and
3.3.1
MIL-S-7742.
3.3.2

J Form Thread. The J form thread has the MIL-S-8879 thread form.

Preferred Threads. The J form threads are preferred. The J form external thread shall not
3.3.3
be used with internal Unified National form, MIL-S-7742, without the specific approval of the cognizant
engineer.
3.3.4

Bolt Stress Area. Bolt root areas are used to calculate the preloads listed herein. (See 6.2a)

Bolts, Screws and Nuts. The bolt, screw or nut shall not be reworked in any manner; this
3.3.5
includes drilling, filing, cutting, using a tap or die, or any other mutilation, unless approved by the
cognizant engineer, reidentified and inspected by QA.
Preferred Parts. The listing of a part in the Torque Tables does not imply the part is
3.3.6
approved for general use. See Section 352 Fastener Specialist for approvals.
3.4

Installation.

3.4.1

Quantity of Fasteners Used. Only as many fasteners as are anticipated to be installed and
6

JPL Spec ES504255 I

tightened during a work shift shall be taken from protective stores. Fasteners not used shall be returned
to protective storage containers at the end of the shift.
Wrenches. Sockets and wrenches shall not have sharp edges or burrs that could damage the
3.4.2
fastener plating or coating.
Torque Application. Torque shall be applied to the nut to the maximum extent possible
3.4.3
when a nut is present. Whenever clearance is a problem, torque may be applied to the bolt head, to the
high side of the torque range specified in the torque tables.
Installation Torque. The torque applied at final assembly shall include the net effect of the
3.4.3.1
following:
a.

The torque required to overcome kinetic friction between mating bearing faces and
between mating threads, plus;

b.

The torque required to overcome the self-locking feature (if any), plus;

c.

The torque required to apply the desired axial load to a fastener assembly.

The installation torque shall be measured only in the tightening direction.

Standard Torque Values. The torque values selected from Tables I through IX are based on
3.4.3.2
the maximum preload capability of the weaker member of the joint (either the internally threaded or
externally threaded part).
3.4.3.2.1 Self-Locking Fasteners. The self-locking and breakaway torque of fasteners shall be
measured as specified in 6.3. The self-locking torque shall be added to the value listed in the applicable
table and the fastener installed to that torque value.
Thread Engagement. The nut, nutplate, insert, etc., shall not engage any incomplete threads
3.4.4
adjacent to the bolt or screw shank.
Washer Identification. Any identification mark on the washer used under the nut shall be
3.4.5
placed opposite the face of the nut.
Self-Locking Features. Threaded fasteners should contain a self-locking feature in either
3.4.6
the external, or internally threaded part to prevent joint loosening. Self-locking bolts and screws shall be
readily identifiable by marking or discrete part number.
Replacement Criteria. The locking elements of self-locking screws and nuts are gradually
3.4.6.1
degraded with use (an average life of 5 to 10 installations). The prevailing (or running) torque of each
screw shall be measured during installation, prior to type approval (TA) and flight acceptance (FA)
testing and final assembly. The minimum breakaway torque requirements for certain fastener
combinations are listed in Table X. When a screw or nut fails to develop the minimum breakaway
torque, replace it with a new screw or nut.
Thread Length. Install fastener threads to extend through nuts, or nutplates to comply with
3.4.7
the thread minimum protrusion requirements shown in Table XII. Depth of fastener threads into tapped
holes or free running inserts shall be one diameter minimum. Depth of fastener threads into locking
inserts shall be as above or a minimum of 1.5 threads through the locking element, whichever is greater.
7

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Bolt and Screw Length. A bolt or screw one size longer or shorter than that specified on the
3.4.8
engineering drawing may be substituted providing:
a.

They are only replaced by flight certified fasteners from flight store.

b.

They are stock items, controlled or special order bolts and screws readily available in
next length sizes.

Grip Adjustment. When a longer bolt or screw is substituted, additional washers may be
3.4.8.1
added to the ones specified on the engineering drawing subject to the following limitations:
a.

The number of washers used on a fastener shall be limited to three: one washer under
the head and two under the nut, or two under the head and one under the nut.

b.

Countersunk washers shall be installed under bolt heads with the countersunk side
facing the bolt head.

Washers. Washers shall be used in accordance with the engineering drawing, applicable
3.4.9
process bulletins and design standards, to reduce or eliminate threads in bearing, or to prevent dissimilar
metal contact. Normally, washers shall be placed under the part of the fastener that is to be wrenched
(turned) to prevent galling of the substructure. Countersunk washers (90273 or equivalent) shall be used
to provide sufficient clearance for the fillet radius under the head.
Washers with Flush Head Fasteners. Washers shall not be used under flush heads unless
3.4.9.1
specified on the engineering drawing.
Design Torque Requirements. Design may specify torque values not listed in the Tables
3.4.10
herein when the design requirements dictate.
3.4.11

Preloads. Preloads shall be as specified in Tables I through IX, as applicable.

Fastener Assembly. Fastener assembly preload shall be based on 50 percent of the fastener
3.4.11.1
tensile strength (see 6.2b).
Tapped Holes. Preloads for bolts/screws assembled into tapped holes shall be limited by the
3.4.11.2
parent materials shear yield strength (Fsy) (see 6.2c).
Preloads for Bolts/Screws Installed Into Inserts. Preloads for bolts/screws installed into
3.4.11.3
inserts that are assembled in various materials shall be based on the applicable Fsy of the parent material
(see 6.2d).
Special Preloads. For critical preloaded structural assembly tension and shear applications,
3.4.11.4
torque values based on higher percentages of tensile yield strength shall be permitted with the approval
of the cognizant engineer and the Structures and Materials Review Committee. The special torque values
shall be specified on the engineering drawing.
Special Torque Values. Preload torque may be determined by analysis as the torque value
3.4.11.5
required to ensure joint assembly integrity, considering all loading, thermal, and operational
environments and applicable safety factors, where torque-tension testing is not justifiable, or where data
exists with similar design configuration which support the analysis.
3.4.11.6

Electronic Equipment and Assembly. Torque values for electric and electronic packaging
8

JPL Spec ES504255 I

equipment shall be in accordance with ES516101.
3.4.11.7
Table XI.

Nylon Screws and Nuts. Torque values for nylon screws and nuts shall be as specified in

3.5

Torque.

Installation Torque. Installation torque shall be in inch-ounces, inch-pounds, or foot-pounds

3.5.1
(see 6.2e).
Torque Coefficient K. The torque coefficient (K) shall be determined by torque-tension
3.5.1.1
tests or may be estimated as follows:
0.25 -

No lubrication on nut or bolt

0.21 -

Lubricated threads or lubricated head/washer only and silver plated nuts onto bare
A-286 bolts when torques applied to the head.

0.15 -

Silver plated nuts with unlubricated A-286 bolts, torque applied to the nut.
Bolts/screws with dry film lubricated threads and head/washer, torque applied to
the head, going into unlubricated inserts and tapped holes.

Torque Wrench Personnel. All tightening of fasteners shall be accomplished by

3.5.2
experienced personnel using certified equipment.
Overtorqued Fasteners. Bolts, screws, inserts, and nuts which are tightened to torques
3.5.3
which exceed values specified shall be removed and replaced with new fasteners.
Retorquing. The effect of retorquing on a fastener torque-load relationship can be
3.5.3.1
significant. All activities which install fasteners should consider the potential effects on preload that
retorquing fasteners can have on installed hardware.
Multiple Installations. On multiple bolt, screw, or nut installations (e.g., circular bolted
3.5.4
joints, etc.) the following procedure for torquing shall apply:
a.

Finger tighten all fasteners.

b.

Snug up diagonally opposite fasteners until all fastener heads are seated.

c.

Torque to within proper limits in a criss-cross pattern; do not successively tighten

fasteners that are next to each other.

Lubrication. Fasteners shall be installed in the received condition without additional

3.5.5
lubrication.
Torque Tables. Torque Tables I through VII shall be used to determine the torque for the
3.5.6
specific combinations of inserts, nuts, bolts or screws, and washers listed therein. Torque Tables VIII
and IX shall be used to determine the installation torque required for installation of bolts/screws in
tapped holes.
Self-Locking Fasteners. When self-locking fasteners are used, the torque required to
3.5.6.1
overcome the locking feature's torque (running torque) shall be added to the torque value indicated in the
9

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table.

4.0

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Torque Inspection. All threaded fasteners torqued to the requirements of this specification
4.1
shall be 100 percent inspected for proper torque during assembly.
Thread Length Inspection. Fastener thread length shall be inspected for conformance to the
4.2
requirements of 3.4.7.
4.3

Tooling.

Torque Wrenches. Torque shall be applied to the fasteners using torque wrenches
4.3.1
conforming to QAI 85-15-6-001 and GGG-W-686.
Tool Accuracy. Wrenches shall be capable of indicating torque within 4 percent. New
4.3.1.1
tools may require two applications before the accuracy is within the 4 percent requirements.
Tool Selection. The torque wrench to be used shall be chosen such that the specified torque
4.3.1.2
values for a particular fastener shall be between 20 and 80 percent of the full-scale torque.
Calibration. Torque wrench calibration shall be checked prior to the first use and thereafter
4.3.1.3
at intervals not to exceed 30 calendar days. The interval may also be adjusted by individual gage
inspection card. A dated certification of such check shall be securely attached to the wrench.
Sealing and Marking. Torque presetting wrenches shall be sealed after adjustment and
4.3.1.4
calibration check with a suitable tamperproof material. The torque to which the wrench is set shall be
clearly and conspicuously marked on the wrench.
Recalibration. If a torque wrench is dropped, struck or otherwise damaged, or suspected of
4.3.1.5
being out of calibration, the wrench shall be checked before further use and, if found to be out of
calibration, the wrench shall not be used until recalibrated.
Adapters. Adapters or extensions shall be used with torque wrenches only when necessary.
4.3.1.6
Adapters or extensions shall be used only with wrenches designed for their use and the wrench or adapter
combination shall be calibrated prior to use, or correction made for actual torque by an acceptable
analytical method.

5.0

PREPARATION FOR DELIVERY

Not applicable.

6.0

NOTES

Intended Use. Torque values are to be used in the assembly of spacecraft structure,
6.1
subassemblies, and other areas as indicated.

6.2

Formulas Used:
10

JPL Spec ES504255 I

a. Bolt/Screw Tensile Strength (F0)

F0 = As x Ftu
F0 = Tensile Strength (lbs)
As = Root Area From FED-STD-H28 (in)
Ftu = Tensile Strength (psi)
b. Preload (F) Fastener Assembly
F = 0.5 x Ftu x As
F = Fastener preload (lbs)
As = Root Area (in)
c. Preload (F) for Fastener Assembly Into Tapped Hole
F=3x

1
n

7 x x
Fsy d x
8

F = Preload (lbs)
n = Fasteners Threads per inch (in-1)
Fsy = Tapped Material Shear Yield Strength (psi)
d = Thread Major Diameter (in)
d.

Preload (F), fastener assembled into insert that has been installed in a tapped hole.
F = Ase x

1
L

3x
Fsy
n

F = Preload (lbs)
L = External Thread Length of Insert (in)
n = Threads per inch, External Insert Threads (in-1)
Ase= Shear Engagement Area(*) of External Insert Threads (in2)
Fsy = Shear Yield Strength of Parent Material (psi)
(*) Supplied by manufacturer of insert.
e.

Torque (T) Necessary to Achieve Specified Preload.

T = KFd (0.95)
T = Assembly Torque (in-lbs)
K = Constant:Required Loading Factor, Non-dimensional
F = Preload (lbs)
d = Major Diameter of External Thread (in)
0.95 = Allowance for Torque Wrench Error.

Definitions. For the purpose of clarification and interpretation, the following definitions are
6.3
applicable to this specification.
11

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Maximum Locking Torque. The maximum torque is measured during the installation or
6.3.1
removal cycle with no load on the base of the nut. On the first installation cycle, maximum locking
torque is defined as the highest reading measured during the turn of the nut after the top of the nut is
flush with the end of the bolt.
Breakaway Torque. After assembly, the nut shall be backed-off (counterclockwise) until the
6.3.2
preload on the assembly is removed and then the turning shall be stopped. The breakaway torque is the
torque required to start the nut turning again in a counterclockwise direction.

12

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table I. Rivnuts
Rivnut Numbers:

ST10224, ST10225

Mating Bolts/Screws: Any with 25ksi or greater tensile strength.

Preferred
Thread Size

Preload
Pounds

0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32

58
87
141
209

Torque Wrench Reading (Inch-Ounces)

K=0.15
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
14.8
12.0
20.7
16.8
24.7
20.0
27.4
22.2
38.3
31.0
45.6
37.0
52.7
42.7
73.8
59.8
87.9
71.2
90.5
73.3
127
103
151
122

Table II. Inserts, Bolts/Screws and Nuts at 80ksi

Part Numbers

Inserts:
SL6061C, SL6096C
Bolts/Screws: MS24693[1], MS51957, MS51958
ST10051, ST10072, NAS1352C, NAS1351C
Nuts:
MS35649, MS35650, MS35691 [2]

Mating Bolt/Screw:

Any with 80ksi or greater tensile strength.

Preferred
Thread Size

Preload
Pounds

0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
Preferred
Thread Size

58
120
192
Preload
Pounds

0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

288
473
700
1300

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Ounces)

K=0.15
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
7.9
6.5
11.1
9.0
13.2
10.7
23.5
19.1
32.9
26.7
39.2
31.8
49.0
39.7
68.6
55.6
81.7
66.2
Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
K=0.15
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
5.7
4.6
7.9
6.4
9.4
7.6
11.1
9.0
15.5
12.6
18.4
14.9
18.9
15.3
26.5
21.5
31.6
26.6
46.3
37.5
64.8
52.5
77.2
62.5

Notes:
[1] Use 80 percent of the listed torque for MS24693 and other flush head screws.
[2] MS35691 is a jam nut, use 50 percent of the listed torque.

13

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table III. Blind Nuts and Anchor Nuts at 125ksi.
Part Numbers:

Blind Nuts: BB414, BB415

Anchor Nuts: MS21076

Mating Bolts/Screws: Any with 125ksi or greater tensile Strength

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
Preferred
Preload
Thread Size
Pounds
K=0.21
K=0.25
K=0.15
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
0.138-32
435
8.6
6.9
12.0
9.7
14.3
11.5
0.164-32
707
16.5
13.4
23.1
18.7
27.5
22.3
0.190-32
1040
28.2
22.8
39.4
31.9
46.9
38.0
0.250-28
1950
69.5
56.3
97.3
78.8
116
93.8

14

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table IV. Bolts/Screws at 160ksi, into Inserts Assembled in
Al 6061-T6 and Higher Strength Materials.
Bolts/Screws:

DS83A-()-(), DS132-()-(), DS134A-()-()[1], DS136A-()-(),NAS1580C()H[1],

NAS1216E(), NAS1351N(),NAS1352N(), ST10073-().

Parent Material: Al 6061-T6 and all other materials having higher than Fsy=22.5ksi

Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4

120
233
371
557
905

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J

NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4

233
371
557
905
1340
2500

Heavy Duty Inserts

Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload Pounds

NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4

905
1340
2500

0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32

Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.15
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
1.0
0.8
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.4
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.21
K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
36.3
29.4
50.8
41.1
60.5
49.0
89.1
72.1
125
101
148
120

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
36.3
29.4
50.8
41.1
60.5
49.0
89.1
72.1
125
101
148
120

Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134A-()-() and NAS1580C()H
countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range .

15

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table V. Bolts/Screws at 190ksi, into Inserts Assembled in
Al 6061-T6 and Higher Strength Materials.
Bolts/Screws:

DS83-()-(), DS134-()-()[1], DS136-()-()

Parent Material: Al 6061-T6 and all other materials having higher than Fsy=22.5ksi

Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4

143
277
441
635
922

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J

NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4

277
441
662
1010
1625
2703

Heavy Duty Inserts

Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload Pounds

NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4

1080
1625
2970

0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32

Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.15
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.4
2.0
1.7
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
12.5
10.1
17.5
14.2
20.8
16.9
21.5
17.5
30.2
24.4
35.9
29.1

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
13.0
10.5
18.2
14.8
21.7
17.6
23.6
19.1
33.0
26.8
39.3
31.9
44.0
35.6
61.6
49.9
73.3
59.4
96.3
78.0
135
109
160
130

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
25.2
20.4
35.3
28.6
42.1
34.1
44.0
35.6
61.6
49.9
73.3
59.4
106
85.7
148
120
176
143

Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134-()-() countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range.

16

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table VI. Bolts/Screws at 160ksi, into Inserts Assembled in
Invar and Higher Strength Aluminum Alloys.
Bolts/Screws:

Parent Material:

DS83A-()-(), DS132-()-(), DS134A-()-()[1], DS136A-()-(),NAS1580C()H[1],

NAS1216E(), NAS1351N(),NAS1352N(), ST10073-().
Invar and other materials having higher than Fsy=24ksi

Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4

120
233
371
557
905

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J

NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4

233
371
557
905
1340
2500

Heavy Duty Inserts

Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload Pounds

NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4

905
1340
2500

0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32

Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.15
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
1.0
.8
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.4
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
36.3
29.4
50.8
41.1
60.5
49.0
89.1
72.1
125
101
148
120

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
36.3
29.4
50.8
41.1
60.5
49.0
89.1
72.1
125
101
148
120

Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134A-()-() and NAS1580C()H
countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range.

17

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table VII. Bolts/Screws at 190ksi, into Inserts Assembled in
Invar and Higher Strength Aluminum Alloys.
Bolts/Screws:

DS83-()-(), DS134-()-()[1], DS136-()-()

Parent Material:

Invar and other materials having higher than Fsy=24ksi

Miniature Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNC0080J
ST11326-1
ST11326-2
ST11326-3
ST11326-4

143
277
441
662
983

Open Insert
Number

Preload
Pounds

KNCB0256J
KNCB0440J
KNCB0632J
KNCB0832J
KNB1032J
KNB428J

NAS1394C3
NAS1394C4

277
441
662
1080
1625
2880

Heavy Duty Inserts

Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number

Open Insert
Number

Preload Pounds

NAS1395C08
NAS1395C3
NAS1395C4

1080
1625
2970

0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32

Lightweight Inserts
Preferred
Closed Insert
Thread Size
Number
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

KNHB0832J
KNHB1032J
KNHB428J

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.15
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.4
2.0
1.7
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
13.0
10.5
18.2
14.8
21.7
17.6
23.0
18.6
32.2
26.1
38.3
31.0

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
13.0
10.5
18.2
14.8
21.7
17.6
25.2
20.4
35.3
28.6
42.1
34.1
44.0
35.6
61.6
49.9
73.3
59.4
103
83.1
144
116
171
139

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)

K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
25.2
20.4
35.3
28.6
42.1
34.1
44.0
35.6
61.6
49.9
73.3
59.4
106
85.7
148
120
176
143

Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the indicated torque values for DS134-()-() countersunk head parts.
[2]. For 0.190-32 fasteners and larger use the low end of the torque range.

18

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table VIII. Bolts/Screws at 160ksi, Assembled into Tapped Material
Bolts/Screws:

DS83A-()-(), DS132-()-(), DS134A-()-()[1], DS136A-()-(), NAS1216E(),

NAS1351N(), NAS1352N(), NAS1580C()H[1], ST10073-().

Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

Part A. Tapped Al 6061-T6, Fsy=22.5 ksi

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
Preload Pounds
K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
120
1.0
.8
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.4
233
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
371
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
557
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
905
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
1100
29.8
24.1
41.7
33.8
49.6
40.2
1660
59.1
47.9
82.8
67.1
98.6
79.8
Part B. Tapped Invar, Fsy=24 ksi
Preload Pounds
Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
K=0.21
K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
120
1.0
.8
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.4
233
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
371
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
557
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
905
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
1180
31.9
25.9
44.7
36.2
53.2
43.1
1770
63.1
51.1
88.3
71.5
105
85.1
Part A. Tapped Al 7075-T73 Fsy=27.5 ksi
Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Preload Pounds
K=0.15(2)
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
120
1.0
.8
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.4
233
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
371
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
557
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
905
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
1340
36.3
29.4
50.8
41.1
60.5
49.0
2025
72.1
58.4
101
81.8
120
97.4

Part A. Tapped Titanium and Steel, Fsy=50.5 ksi

Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
Tapped Thread
Preload Pounds
K=0.21
K=0.25
K=0.15(2)
Size
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
0.060-80
120
1.0
.8
1.4
1.2
1.7
1.4
0.086-56
233
2.9
2.3
4.0
3.2
4.8
3.9
0.112-40
371
5.9
4.8
8.3
6.7
9.9
8.0
0.138-32
557
11.0
8.9
15.3
12.4
18.3
14.8
0.164-32
905
21.1
17.1
29.6
24.0
35.2
28.6
0.190-32
1340
36.3
29.4
50.8
41.1
60.5
49.0
0.250-28
2500
89.1
72.1
125
101
148
120
Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the listed torque values for DS134A-()-() and NAS 1580C()H Flush fasteners.
[2] Use the high end of the torque range when applying torque to a nut. Use the low end of the torque
range when applying torque to the bolt head and using lubricated threads and a lubricated head/washer
and using fasteners 0.190-32 and larger.

19

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table IX. Bolts/Screws at 190ksi, Assembled into Tapped Material
Bolts/Screws:

DS83-()-(), DS134-()-()[1], DS136-()-()

Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

Tapped Thread
Size
0.060-80
0.086-56
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32
0.190-32
0.250-28

Part A. Tapped Al 6061-T6, Fsy=22.5 ksi

Preload Pounds
Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
139
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.4
2.0
1.6
277
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
441
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
662
13.0
10.5
18.2
14.8
21.7
17.6
951
22.2
18.0
31.1
25.2
37.0
30.0
1100
29.8
24.1
41.7
33.8
49.6
40.2
1660
59.1
47.9
82.8
67.1
98.6
79.9
Part B. Tapped Invar, Fsy=24 ksi
Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
Preload Pounds
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
139
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.4
2.0
1.6
277
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
441
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
662
13.0
10.5
18.2
14.8
21.7
17.6
1010
23.6
19.1
33.0
26.8
39.3
31.9
1180
31.9
25.9
44.7
36.2
53.2
43.1
1770
63.1
51.1
88.3
71.5
105
84.1
Part A. Tapped Al 7075-T73 Fsy=27.5 ksi
Preload Pounds
Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
139
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.4
2.0
1.6
277
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
441
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
662
13.0
10.5
18.2
14.8
21.7
17.6
1080
25.2
20.4
35.3
28.6
42.1
34.1
1347
36.5
29.5
51.1
41.4
60.8
49.2
2025
72.1
58.4
101
81.8
120
97.4

Part A. Tapped Titanium and Steel, Fsy=50.5 ksi

Preload Pounds
Torque Wrench Reading(Inch-Pounds)
K=0.15(2)
K=0.21
K=0.25
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
0.060-80
139
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.4
2.0
1.6
0.086-56
277
3.4
2.8
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.6
0.112-40
441
7.0
5.7
9.9
8.0
11.7
9.5
0.138-32
662
13.0
10.5
18.2
14.8
21.7
17.6
0.164-32
1080
25.2
20.4
35.3
28.6
42.1
34.1
0.190-32
1625
44.0
35.6
61.6
49.9
73.3
59.4
0.250-28
2970
106
85.7
148
120
176
143
Note [1]. Use 80 percent of the listed torque values for DS134A-()-() and NAS 1580C()H Flush fasteners
Tapped Thread
Size

[2] Use the high end of the torque range when applying torque to a nut. Use the low end of the torque
range when applying torque to the bolt head and using lubricated threads and a lubricated head/washer
and using fasteners 0.190-32 and larger.

20

JPL Spec ES504255 I

Table X. Maximum Prevailing and Minimum Breakaway Torque.
Thread Size
Prevailing Torque [1]
Breakaway Torque
Maximum (Inch-Pounds)
Minimum (Inch-Pounds)
Nuts [2]
Bolts [3]
Nuts [2]
Bolts[3]
0.086-56
2.5
0.2
0.112-40
5
5
0.5
0.5
0.138-32
10
8
1.0
1.0
0.164-32
15
12
1.5
1.5
0.190-32
18
18
2.0
2.0
0.250-28
30
30
3.5
3.0
[1] Prevailing torque on or off.
[2] Nut torque values from MIL-DTL-25027
[3] Bolt torque values from MIL-DTL-18240

Table XI. Nylon Fastener Assembly Torque

Nylon Screw/ Nut
Size
0.112-40
0.138-32
0.164-32

Assembly Torque
(Inch-Ounces)
8
16
27

Table XII. Thread Engagement and Protrusion.

Thread Size
Thread Engagement
Thread Protrusion
with Insert Minimum
Through Nut
Minimum
0.060-80
0.060
0.019
0.086-56
0.086
0.027
0.112-40
0.112
0.038
0.138-32
0.138
0.047
0.164-32
0.164
0.047
0.190-32
0.190
0.047
0.250-28
0.250
0.054

21