Week #3

- Escape sequences in "String literals"

\\ - Denotes a backslash () character.

' - Denotes a simgle-quote (') character.

" - Denotes a double-quote (") character.

\n - Denotes a line feed (LF) character.

\r - Denotes a carriege return (CR) character.

\t - Denotes a horizontal tab (TB) character.

\f - Denotes a form feed (FF) character.

\b - Denotes a backspace (BS) character.

- Assignment Operators
 int num1,num2,num3,num4,num5,num6;

// = equal assignment operator

num 1 = 5;

// += addition assignment

num2 = 1

num2 += 4;

// the result will be 5 as this is a shortened num2 = num2 + 4;

// -= subtraction assignment

num3 = 10;

num3 -= 7;

// the result will be 3 as this is a shortened num3 = num3 - 7;

// *= multiplication assignment

num4 = 2;

num4 *= 2;

// the result will be 4 as this is a shortened num4 = num4 * 2;

// /= division assignment

num5 = 12;

num5 /= 2;

// the result will be 6 as this is a shortened num5 = num5 / 2;

// %= modulo assignment

num6 = 3;

num6 %= 2;

// the result will be 5 as this is a shortened num6 = num6 % 2;

- Relational Operators
Note: this can be used in multiple datatypes. Using int for simplicity sake.
 int num1, num2, num3;

num1 = 5

num2 = 9

num3 = 5

// == IS EQUAL - Compares the values of two variables for equality

System.out.println(num1 == num3);

// true

// != NOT EQUAL - Compares the values of two variables for inequality

System.out.println(num1 != num3);

// false

// > GREATER THAN - Checks if one value is greater than the other value

System.out.println(num1 > num2);

// false

// < LESS THAN - Checks if one value is lesser than the other value

System.out.println(num1 < num2);

// true

// >= GREATER THAN OR EQUAL - Checks if one value is greater or equal than the other
value

System.out.println(num2 >= num3);

// true

// <= LESS THAN OR EQUAL - Checks if one value is lesser or equal than the other value

System.out.println(num1 <= num3);

// true

- Logical Operators
Note: Look up "Truth Table" lesson on MMW.
 int num1, num2, num3;

num1 = 5

num2 = 9

num3 = 5

// && Logical AND - Returns True if both the conditions mentioned are true.

System.out.println(num1 == num3 && num2 >= num3);

// true

// || Logical OR - Returns True if one or both the conditions mentioned are true.

System.out.println(num1 != num3 || num1 < num2);

// true

// ! Logical NOT - Returns True if the condition mentioned is false and vice versa.

System.out.println(!(num1 <= num3));

// false

- Decision Making
Pseudocode - It is a detailed yet readable description of what a computer program or
algorithm must do, expressed in a formally - styled natural language rather than in a
programming language.

Flowchart - It is a diagram that depicts a process, system or computer algorithm. It can also
be defiened as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm or a step-by-step guide to
solving a task.

- Flow of Control
Flow of Control is the order in which a program performs actions. \

A branching statement or selection statement chooses one action from a list of two or
more possible actions.

A loop statement or iteration statements repeats an action again and again until some
stopping condition is met.

Control Structures are just a way to specify flow of control in programs

Sequence Structure may contain any number of steps, but when one task follows another
with no chance to branch away or skip a step, you are using a sequence.

Selection Structure simply involves a number of conditions or parameters which decides

one out of several written modules. Also called Conditional Structures
 Looping Structure enables to control the flow of execution by repetitively performing a set
of statements as long as the continuation condition remains true. These 3 looping
statements are called for, while, and do...while statements.

- Flowchart
Flowline - Shows the process's direction by conneting two blocks with one another.

Termina/Terminator - Represents the start or end points of a flowchart process.

Process - most common component of a flowchart; indicates a step in the process.

Comment/Annotation - Indicate additional information about a step with a comment or

annotation.

Decision - This symbol represents a decision you or your team need to make to get to the
next step of the process; Yes or No/ True or False.

Stored Data - This symbolizes a data file or database.

"Or" Symbol - This indicated that the process flow continues in three or more branches.

Input/Output - Represents the process of in - or outputting external data.

Off - Page Connector - This symbol is used to connect two symbols that are of different
pages.

On - Page Connector - This dot can connect two symbols and replace long lines which
allows for a cleaner flow chart.

Java's Selection Statements (IF and Switch)

- "If - Else" Statement

Used to route program execution through 2 different paths

Uses boolean value; True or False.

Example
 public static void IfStatement() {

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

int grade;

System.out.print("Input Grade: ");

grade = input.nextInt();

if (grade >=85) {

System.out.println("Conratulations you passed!");

else

Output that satisfies the If statement condition.

Output:

Input Grade: 89

Congratulations you passed

- If..Else If
Example

public static void elseIf() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("POSITIVE, NEGATIVE OR ZERO\nEmter a number: ");

int num1 = in.nextInt();

if (num1 > 0) {

System.out.println("The number is POSITIVE");

else if (num1 < 0) {

System.out.println("The number is NEGATIVE");

else {

System.out.println("The number is ZERO");

- Compare String
Example
 public static void compareString() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.print("GUESS MY NAME\nEnter your Guess: ");

String name = in.nextLine();

if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("Jhon Benedict") ||

name.equalsIgnoreCase("Jhon") ||

name.equalsIgnoreCase("Benedict") ||

name.equalsIgnoreCase("Ben") ||

name.equalsIgnoreCase("Jhon Benedict Garcia")) {

System.out.println("Woah tama ka, galing mo naman");

else if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("Panda")) {

System.out.println("Oy sino ka? Jowa ko lang ang nakakaalam nyan xD");

else if (name.equalsIgnoreCase("John Benedict") ||

name.equalsIgnoreCase("John")) {

System.out.println("mali po spelling, Jhon po hindi John hehe xD");

else {

System.out.println("Ay mali, I'm Jhon Benedict Garcia bro ang aking

pangalan\nkung tama naman, case sensitive to bro\n (dont type panda)");

- Nested If
public static void nestedIf() {

Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);

String name, address;

int age;

double GWA;

System.out.println("Scholarship fo free woah!");

System.out.println("Answer the Form: ");

System.out.print("Name: ");

name = in.nextLine().toLowerCase();

System.out.print("Address: ");

address = in.nextLine();

if (address.contains("valenzuela")) {

System.out.print("Age: ");

age = in.nextInt();

if (age >= 17 && age <=21) {

System.out.print("GWA (hindi jowa): ");

GWA = in.nextDouble();

if (GWA >= 85 && GWA <=100 ) {

System.out.println("We are please to inform that " + name + "

is elligible for the scholarship");

} else {System.out.println("Sorry but GWA did not reach the

intended score");

}
} else {System.out.println("only 17-21 years old");

} else {System.out.println("Sorry no Scholarship");