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Grade 10 Sinhala Literature Short Notes

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10 fY%aKsh issxy, idys;Hh

flá igyka

ieliqu - yis; fyÜáwdrÉÑ


(Dip. In Sci. N.I.E./O.U.S.L.)

^10 fY%aKsh isxy, idys;H fldgi m%Yak


m;%h i|yd jeo.;a jk flá igyka iy úpdr
i|yd .e<fmk f;dard .; yels .oH yd moH
fldgia fudkjdo hkak wka;¾.; lr we;'&
ks¾ÈIag lD;sj, idys;H miqìu ^10 fY%aKsh&

01i;r lka uka;%Kh ^l=reKE., wjêh&


• mkaish mkia cd;l fmd; 14 jk ishjfiys l=reKE., rc l< i;r jk mKaä; mrdl%undyq rc
oji ùrisxy m%;srdc kue;s weue;sjrhdf.a wkq.%yfhka isxy,hg k.d we;s nj lshefõ'
• fï i|yd uQ,dY%h fldg .;a .%ka:h jkafka md,s cd;lÜG l:djhs'
• mkaish mkia cd;l l;d fmd; f,i ye¢kajQj o tys ienúka u we;af;a cd;l l;d 547ls'
• isxy, cd;l l;djkag kshñ; wdlD;shla olakg we;' tA wkqj"j¾;udk l;dj" w;S; l;dj"
ifudaOdkh hk ,laIK" isxy, cd;l l;dj ;=< olakg ,efnk wx. hs'
• cd;l fmd; isxy,hg ke.=Kq miq j o fjka fjka jYfhka cd;l l;d ,shù we;' Wïu.a.
cd;lh" t¿ Wuxodj" Wïuoka;s cd;lh tn÷ .%ka: lSmhls'
• uqjfoõodj;" iiodj; yd lõis¿ñK cd;l l;d weiqfrka rÑ; .S ldjHhs'
• ldjHfYaLrh" .=;a;s, ldjHh" i|ls÷re od lj" l=i cd;l ldjHh" oyï fid~ od lj" fjiaika;r
cd;lh" uqj cd;lh" ksñ cd;lh" lõñ‚ fldf~d," lõñ‚ u,a ou wdÈh o cd;l fmd; weiqfrka ìys
jQ ldjH .%ka:hs'
• Wïu.a. cd;lh rpkd lsÍfï wruqK ù we;af;a ufy!IO mç;=udf.a nqoaê uysuh m%ldY lsÍuhs'
• cd;l l;d w;r §¾>;u l;djhs%+.
• Wïu.a. cd;lfha tk i;r lka uka;%Kfha isg O¾u hqoaOh olajd fuu mdvug we;=<;a fõ'
• fmf<ys w¾:h ,sys,a niska ,shhs'
• ks¾udKd;aul NdId Ndú;h$kdgHdkqrEmS fonia$flá jels$Wmud" rEml wd§ ldjHd,xldr$pß;
ksrEmKh$wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh$Wmydi" ydiH wd§ úúO ri ckkh úpdrfha fh§u.

1& ;=uQ w¨hï fõf,ys msìo" iqj| f;f,ys kÕk ,o myka wdf,dalfhka .kaOodu mqIamodudj,ïì;
kd kd j¾K úÑ;% ú;dfkdam,laIs; w,xlD; Y%S hyka .¾Nh n,kakdy

2& id,af,l ,d,d md;g ndk flkl=ka fuka flajÜg nuqKd ysie j¾pia msvla fy<d" lsfula ±hs lg
o,ajd f.k Wv neÆ ;eke;a;jqkaf.a uqLfha keje; j¾pia msXla fy<d"

3& frda.fhka fmf<k tlla yg wjia:d ms<shula okakd fjol= ms<sirK jkakd fia o id ÿlska fmf<k
tll=g fNdackh uq;a wfklla ms<sirK fkdjkakd fia o msmdid we;s tll=g meka mqj fyd;a uq;a tA
msmdih fkdikaisf|kakd fia o

4& kqjrg jeo" .e,a mqrd f.kjq;a flduvq ndkd fia uyd ckhd bia lmd .kqj fõfoay rcyq bi;a
jyd
f.fkj˜ hs lSy'

5& lSm ojila meka kj;d ,kakd meka fkd,Èka la,dka; jQjdyq fodr wer mshkakdy' ù id,a jeoao fkd
foïy' n;ska mSä; jQ ukqIHfhda fodr yer mshkakdy' or kj;d ,d kqjr wer .kqïy˜ hs lSfha h'
2..=;a;s, fjK ko ^fldaÜfÜ wjêh&
• .=;a;s, ldjHh rpkd lrkq ,enqfõ jE;a;Efõ ysñhka úisks'
• mµ 511lska iukaú; .=;a;s, ldjHh .=;a;s, cd;lh weiqfrka ks¾udKh jQjls'
• .=;a;s, ldjHh rpkd lrk f,i wdrdOkh lrkq ,enqfõ isß merl=ïnd rcqg fiajh l<
w.ue;sjrfhl= jQ i,dj; chmd, ue;s÷ka úisks'
• jE;a;Efõ yduqÿrefjda f;dg.uqfõ YS% rdyq, ysñhkaf.a f.da,fhla jQy'
• .=;a;s, ldjHhg mdol jQ l:d jia;=j ieflúka
• jE;a;Efõ ysñ ;u ldjH ix.%yh ks¾udKh lsÍug fya;= jQ isÿùu ms<sn| m%lg ckm%jdoh
• ,>q wl=re folla yd .=re wl=rlska hq;= jdhq .Kfhka ldjHh wdrïNlf<a o tys wksIag úmdl ±k ±k
u nj ckm%jdofha ths'

ish mska isßka ire


fo;sia ,l=fKka úis;=re
flf,iqka flfrka ÿre
j¢ï uqks W;=uka ;sf,da.=re

• ks¾ÈIag lú fm< lshjd w¾:h ,sys,a niska ,shhs'


• úia;r flfrk wjia:dj$lúhdf.a wruqK$lúhd wkq.ukh l< rpkd iïm%odh$ixl,am rEm ckkh
$ldjHuh nia jyr$Wmud" rEml wdÈ ldjH Wml%u Ndú;h úpdrfha fh§u.

1& fkd ±k u ;ud n,


inhg wjq;a fkd mels<
je| ro mo lu,
fofil uQis,hd o Wka l,

2& fo jeks ;=ka jeks ;;


i;r jeks mia jeks ;;
i jeks i;a jeks ;;
fu fia is¢ i| fu wm fndai;

3& Èh Èh f.di m< flfrñka imeñKs


.sh .sh ;ek biajd rka uq;= ñKs
.sh .sh Èh ko tk fuka f.k ñKs
ish ish .=Kfhka fjK ko ksla ñKs

4& if;dia lrk ùKd ko weiqug


kdf.dia isák ms,anr .K f.dÿrg
fjfiia reúka ;u uejqj;a nUyg
i|eia ijka fkdl<e hs jQ fkdi;=g

5& rE /fia w¢kd f,fia w;a - f,< ȧ úÿ,sh mnd


rka rfia tla jk f,fia fjK - kdokQ md ;n ;nd
lïmfia fok ier f,fia foi - n, n,d fk;.ska ind
uï flfia mjiï tfia jr - iqr <÷ka ÿka rÕ iqnd
3. ydkd ySh mdkd wËyefrka oefka
• wkqrdOmqr hq.fha ,shejqKq ixhq;a; ksldhÜG l:dj jk mru;a: fcda;sldfõ tk mdGhl woyi
fufia h' uÕ winv fl;la rlskd isxy, ldka;djl cd;s" crd" urK wdÈh ms<sn|j isxy, niska lS
.Shla wid iÕ iegkula ry;a jQy. fuhska lshefjkafka ck lúh wkqrdOmqr iuh olajd .sh È.=
b;sydihla we;s idys;Hhla njhs'
• ck lúhg l;=jrfhla ke;' fï idys;Hdx.h ljrl= úiska fyda ks¾udKh lrk ,ÿ j" ld,hla
;siafia Ndú; ùfuka ck;djf.a fmdÿ whs;shla njg m;ajQjls'
• lDIsl¾uh wdYs%; - f.dhï lú" fk`Mï lú" l=rlalka lú" me,a lú yd lu;a lú jeks ck lú
• úúO /lshdj, fhfokafkda - m;,a lú" .e,a lú" nUr lú yd mdre lú
• fl<s fi,a,ï weiqfrka - ,S fl<s" T<s| fl<s" l< f.ä kegqï" TxÑ,s jdrï jeks lú
• n,s f;dú,a yd Ydka;sl¾uj, - fofjd,a uvq" .ïuvq yd flda,auqr lú
• ke<ú,s .S, WmfoaYd;aul lú, úfkdaoh yd YDx.drh uqiq jqKq ck lú ,fma%uh yd wdorh m%ldY lsÍug
lú ,f;arú,s lú.
• Ôú;fha § ú¢kakg isÿ jk wmuK ÿlaL fodaukiaihka" n,dfmdfrd;a;= lvùï" wkfmalaIs;
jHikhkag m;aùï jeks ÿlanr wjia:d o Wm;" rxlsß lg.Eu" .=re f.or hdu" jeäúh meñKSu"
újdyh yd urKh jeks Ôú;fha úúO wjia:d o ck lúhg jia;= úIhh úh'
• isxy, ck lúh ;=< ±lsh yels úfYaI ,laIK lSmhls' tÈfkod Ôú;h yd ne÷Kq isÿùï yd yeÕSï
wka;¾.;h jSu'ir, Wmud yd rEml wdÈfhka rij;a jSu'.eñ ck;djf.a ks¾udKhla ùu',ir,
NdIdjla Ndú; lsÍu',uqL mrïmrdfjka mej; tAu'
• Ndj mQ¾K jd.aud,dj ck lúhdg iycfhka Wreu jQjls'
• ±kuq;=lug lS lú fyj;a Wmfoia §u i|yd lS lú .Kfha ,d ie,flk ck lú lSmhla fuys ±lafõ'
• fï Wmfoia lú iEu foaYhlg u Tìk" iEu ld,hlg u .e<fmk tAjd h' ´kE u ;rd;srul" ´kE u
jhil miq jk flfkl=f.a Ôú;h yev .iajd .ekSug tAjdhska ,nd fok Wmfoia" Wmldr fõ'
• ks¾ÈIag cklú fmf<ys .eíjQ WmfoaY $ WmfoaY bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd NdIdj ks¾udKd;aul j
fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh úpdrfha fh§u.

1& .ig flgqu .i uq, mEhqfuka ±efka


ñksyd fkdñksyd hk läifrka ±efka
wuq;= n;a §u w; we,a¨fuka ±efka
ydkd ySh mdkd wvyefrka ±efka

2& f.dve,af,a ;ru ±kf.k <s| lmkq


fnd/,af,a ;ru ±kf.k Wv mkskq
lvq,af,a ;ru ±kf.k lo n¢kq
;uqkaf.a ;ru ±kf.k l,a yßkq

3& wei ke;s od fmd; .;af;a lshkag o


o; ke;s od Wla o~q .sks ;mskag o
fjr ke;s od .y.;af;a Èkakg o
hqo we;s od ke;s l. fldia fldgkag o

4& rka úufka isá uq;a ÿl ke;s fjoao


meKs ófha lE uq;a nv .sks keoao
ñKs nrKska ieÿ uq;a .; fkdÈroao
meKsjrld .ig;a fyK fkdjÈoao

5& w÷re lrejf,a m÷rg uqjd fj,d


úÿ,s t<sh ±l .sksyq< Èfha fy,d
wkqka ,shka ±l ;u ,shg ;, ;,d
ÿjk uqjka ±l fkdouka fk¿j m,d
4&neoafoa.u ^fld<U $ kQ;k hq.h&
• 1880 j¾Ifha fkdjeïn¾ ui 25 jeks Èk ,kavkfha flkaisgka ^Kensington& kqjr" orejka oi
fokl=f. ka hq;= mjq,l ;=kajekshd j f,kdâ isâks jq,a*a orejd Wm; ,eî h'
• ,kavkays Ydka; mdjq¨ úµd,h" flaïì%Êys á%ksá úµd,h hk úµd,j,ska uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,o Tyq 1902
j¾Ifha § Wmdêh ysñ lr .;af;a h'
• 1904 Tlaf;dan¾ ui ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a uy;d uq,ska u hdmkh m%foaYfha isú,a ks,Odßhl= f,i
ish rdcldßh wdrïN lf<a h'
• wk;=re j kqjr m%foaYfha o rdcldß l< t;=ud 1908 § wdKavqfõ iyldr tacka;jrhd f,i ol=Kq
m<df;a rdcldß Ndr .;af;a h'
• jq,a*a uy;df.a md,k Èia;s%lalh jQfha yïnkaf;dghs'
• 1911 § t;=ud kej; tx.,ka;hg f.dia 1912 § weâ,ska j¾ðkshd iafg*ka (Adline Virginia
Stephen) fufkúh iu. újdy úh'
• jq,a*a uy;d ,xldfõ § ;ud ,;a w;a±lSï mdol lr f.k 1913 § wmQre kjl;djla ,sõfõ h' ta
úf,aÊ bka o cx.,a (Village in the Jungle) kï lD;shhs' ÿmam;a wysxil wirK .eñhdf.a ÿ#Å;
Ndjh yd l+fgdaml%uj,g yiq ù l%ufhka úkdY jk Tjqkaf.a Ôú; is,s÷ yd Tyqf.a mjq, weiqfrka
m%;sks¾udKh lrkakg .;a W;aidyhla f,i th ye¢kaúh yels h' jfrl iqkaor j Èia jk uy
jkh ksrka;rfhka u ìhlre nj u /fok wuq;= u ;ekla f,i tu kjl;dfjka fy<sorõ flf¾'
• 1960 § kej; YS% ,xldjg meñKs jq,a*a uy;d furg jeishka úiska WKqiqï f,i ms<s.kq ,eîu;a
Tjqkag t;rï ld,hla ;ud .ek u;l ;sîu;a ms<sn`oj mqÿuhg m;a jk nj mjid we;'
• Tyq 1969 wf.daia;= ui 14 jeks Èk tx.,ka;fha frdâfu,ays § (Rodmell) fuf,dúka iuq .;af;a h'
'Monk's house' kï ia:dkfha t;=ud fjkqfjka ;ekqKq f,dalv iaudrlh fjhs'
• fuu kjl;dj neoafoa.u kñka isxy,hg wkqj¾;kh lf<a" m%ùK .;a l;=jrhl= jQ ta' mS' .=Kr;ak
uy;d h'
• l;d /ila isxy,hg k.d isxy, mdGlhd w;r ckms%h jQ .==Kr;ak uy;d" pQ fpx tka úiska rÑ;
'Te Monkey' kue;s .%ka:h jdkrhd kñka o wd¾' t,a' iamsÜ,a úiska rÑ; 'Savage Sanctuary' kï
.%ka:h jk irK kñka o" 'Vanished Trails' kue;s .%ka:h uelS .sh ovux kñka o ‘Where the white
Sambhur roams’ .%ka:h iqÿ f.dakd kñka o mßj¾;kh lf<a h'
• fuys neoafoa.u kjl;dfõ kufjks mßÉfþoh we;=<;a fõ.
• l;d m%jD;a;sh$ oDIaá fldaKh$ pß; ksrEmKh$ wjia:d yd isoaê ksrEmKh$ miqìï ksrEmKh$
ks¾udKd;aul NdId ,laIK úpdrfha fh§u.

1& l=vd l, is,s÷ lS jkfhys ux uq<d jQ ovhlaldrhskaf.a l;d wEg isys úh' Tjqka tod ìhjkag
we;af;a o wo ;udg we;s ù ;sfnk ìh jeks ìhlskehs wEg is;sK'

2& ksß; È. ;o iq<Õg weUrù wegqjka neyS .sh .yla fuka wef.a YÍrh o keó weUÍ ;sìK'
uqyqfKa;a isyska j .sh w;amdj,;a iu .il fmd;a;la fuka f.dryeä j /,s jeà weghg we,S
.sfha h'

3& wdrÉÑf.a f.h le,hg hdu le,h .u ueog lvd mekSula fuka ùh'

4& msiaiq jeoaod fldáfhle hs lshkakg mqreÿ ù isá .ïuq mqxÑueKsld .ek lSfõ" fldáhf. meáhd
uqfjla fj,d lshd h'

5& ysrm,a,d ;u l;dfjka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha ysi w;a nod f.k lE .ik .eyekshlf.a ú,dmhls'
tfy;a mqxÑue‚ld ksYaYíoj u t;ekska f.dia kej;;a ì;a;sh woaor wek ;shd .ekSu Tyqf.a
uú;hg fya;= úh'

6& whshd oeka lSjdfka uf. ñksyd okakjhs lsh,d' b;ska ug lSjg we;s je/oao fudlla o@ thd oeka
fufy bkakjd o@ thdg fudlo WfKa@ ojia .dkla ;siafia ux fuydg wdfj fïl oek.kav'

7& mqxÑue‚ld" nnqka tk;=re u. n,d isáhd h' .; jk ojia .Kk wEg .Kka .; fkd yels úh'
wE tA .ek W;aidyhla o fkd l<d h' i;shla wEg .Kkla muKls'
5. uqks isßmd isôñkafka ^fld<U hq.h $ kQ;k hq.h&
• 1901 áfnÜ rfgys islSï foaYfha Wmka uysko a ysñ weia'fla' ;Is kï.H,a f,iuq, § y÷kajd we;'
• jhi wjqreÿ fod<fya § muK ish meúÈ fidfydhqrd jQ tia'mqKaKÔ ysñhka iy c¾uka
cd;sl[dKd;sf,dal ysñhka iu. l=vd ;Is ,xldjg meñK we;'
• uq,ska u fmd,a.ia¥j wdrdufha kej;S" fld<U úfoHdaoh msßfjkg ne£ bf.kSug;atu ld,fha u
urodfka uydfndaê úoHd,fhka bx.S%is bf.kSug;a Tyq fhduq ùwe;'
• ;Is kï.H,a" tia' uyskao ysñ f,i meúÈ nj ,nkafka r;a.u isß pQ,iqukysñhka fj;sks' fuf,i
wurmqr ksldfha meúÈ j fodvka¥fõ ffY,ìïndrdufhysjev fjfiñka uyskao idufKar ysñfhda ish
wOHdmk lghq;= lrf.k .shy'
• miqj Wka jykafia fld<U fldïm[a[ ùÈfha fi!.; wdjdih fj; meñKshy'ta 1930 j¾Ifha h'
tys § Wka jykafia mE,shf.dv úoHd,xldr msßfjka wêm;s ¨Kqfmdl=fKa YS% Oïudkkao ysñhka fj;
h<s meúÈ jQfha ishï ksldfha NslaIqjlyeáhg h' uyskao ysñhka Wmiïmod ù we;af;a 1931 j¾Ifha h
• 1934-1936 ld, jljdkqj ;=< tia' uyskao ysñfhda fld<U wdkkao úoHd,fha wdpd¾hjrhl= f,i
fiajh lf<da h' tys § Wka jykafia isxy," md,s" nqoaO O¾uh úIh b.ekaùï lghq;= isÿ lr we;' '
• tia' uyskao ysñhka 1936 j¾Ifha isg jev jdihlr we;af;a mdkÿf¾ uyfn,a,k YS% iqo¾Ykdrdufha
h' tys jir 15la muK jevfjfiñka úúO iudc wd.ñl idys;H fiajdjka isÿ lrñka isáh § 1951
ud¾;= 16 od fï Woafhda.su;a nqoaOmq;%hka jykafia yÈisfha wmj;a jQy'
• Wka jykafiaf.a idys;H lghq;= fnfyúka u lúhg keUqre úh' tu lú m%Odk f;aud ;=kla hgf;a
wmg y÷kd .; yels h'
1' <uhska Wfoid ,shQ lú - Tjd uq;=, lõñK" lõuq;=, <ud lõ l,U, kkaok .S;
2' foaYdkqrd. yd cd;sldNsudk lú - ksoyfia oeyek" ksoyfia uka;%h, ,xldud;d
3' nqoaOdNsjkaokd lú - r;akud,s
• Tjd uq;= Wka jykafia ,shQ uq,a u ldjH lD;sh hs'
• fuu mdvug mdol jk ore ke<ú,a, fyj;a cd;sl f;dá,a, kue;s §¾> ldjH mka;sh cd;sl ùr
ldjHhla njg m;a j ;sfí' fuh <uhska wruqKq lr f.k uqM uy;a cd;sh u wu;k ldjHhls'
• cd;sl f;dá,a, mµ mka;sh rpkd ùu ms<sn| miqìï l;dj o wmQ¾j tlls'
• m,af,a.u flda,dk .fï fj,a hdfha § werô fï lú fm< miq od iqukdrdufha § u ,shd wjika
flßK'
• lúhdf.a wruqK$ldjHdkqN+;sh$ldjHuh NdIdj$T!Ñ;H .=Kh$ixl,am rEm ueùu$isõmo wdlD;sh
Ndú; lsÍu'$foaYdNsudkS ye.Sï oekùu' úpdrfha fh§u.

1. ksoyi uy uqyqola fõ
tys W,am; mq;" kqU fõ
ta nj isys fldg fu f,dfõ
hq;=lu bgq l< hq;= fõ

2. lror oyila yuqù


bkagels kï iskd fjù
Tyq fuf,djg my< foù
rfclehs i,lkq uekù

3. cd;sh rka úukla fõ


wd.u ñKs mykla fõ
th /l .kakg fu f,dfõ
iu;a fjf;d;a mq; kqU fõ
4. ñ;=relñka fmrg tf;d;a
¥ú,a,la tlal jqK;a
ñ;=re fjhka mqf;a WU;a
thhs f,dfõ .=Kh uy;a
6& .x.dfõ ix.S;h ^fld<U hq.h $ kQ;k hq.h&
• fyajdjiï uqksodi l=v,s.u fyj;a tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u fld<U hq.fha lúfhls.
• j¾I 1918 § l¿;r l=v,s.u § Wm; ,enQ tÉ' tï' l=v,s.u ñIkdß mdif,ka fcHaIaG mka;sh f;la
bf.kqu ,enqfõ h.
• bka wk;=rej O¾u úch msßfjfkka Wiia wOHdmkh ,enqfõ h'
• isxy, n,h" ÈkñK" is¿ñK yd ck;d wdÈ mqj;am;aj, fiajh l< Tyq l,la iqj| lú iÕrdj o
ixialrKh lf<a h'
• md,s ixialD; NdId ms<sn| ±kqu o Tyq i;= jQj;a fndfyda úg jHjydrhg ióm lgjyrg <x jQ nila
Tyq Ndú; lf<a h'
• iajNdj fi!kao¾hh yd ne÷Kq lú wdr fya;=fjka isxy, fI,S f,i l=v,s.u m%lg jqj o ngysr
lúhl= jQ fI,Sf.a lú Tyq lshjd fkd;sìKs'
• tÉ'tï' l=v,s.u lúhd ;df.da¾ lsú÷kaf.a ks¾udKj,g ióm jQ wkaou;a" tAjdfhys wdNdih ,enQ
wjia:d;a isys m;a lr we;'
• óuk fma%u;s,l" Wmkkao ngqf.or wd§yq Tyqg iuld,Sk lùyq fj;s'
• iqj|" foaÿkak" ójoh jeks lú iÕrdj, o tl, mej;s mqj;am;aj, o tÉ' tï' l=v,s.uf.a lú
ksrka;rfhka m< úh'
• wE ,l=Kdgqj" tfldau;a tl rgl" ixjdoh jeks lD;s Tyqf.a ldjH .%ka: w;r fõ'
• ukqIH Ôú;h" fidnd oyu yd fma%uh ms<sn| wmQ¾j w;a±lSï ish ks¾udK u.ska u;= lsÍug iu;a jQ
ixfõ§ lúhl= jYfhka isxy, ldjH jxYfhys fkdueflk kula igyka l< l=v,s.u lúhd 1973
wf.daia;= 01 od wNdjm%dma; úh'
• f,da oyu ms<sn| t<s oyrla úáka úg úysÿjk .x.dfõ ix.S;h kue;s" l=v,s.u lúhdf.a meÈ fm<
fï mdvfuka bÈßm;a flf¾'
• wruqK$ldjHdkqN+;sh$NdIdj$T!Ñ;H .=Kh$ixl,am rEm ueùu$èjks;d¾:j;a nj úpdrfha fh§u.

1& l÷ nEjqul ox fndaúá m÷re ;<d


my<g we§ mr u,a fm;s bj; fkd<d
l,foda Èfhka fmdÕjd rka mq,sk ;,d
ix.S;j;a ù hñ bÈßhg .,d

2& ysßu,a iskd /<s fmK msvq ñysß ;u


.,a mrj, u yems yems ìys lrñ uu
iu ;eks;,dj, yuq fjhs w,i lu
ksrihs w;ruÕ wjysr kqÿgq ìu

3& tkafka fldys isg o fld;eklg o hkafka


Tn l=ulg o ud ÿgq ;ek úuikafka
ñksiqka .syska ks;r u wdmiq tkafka
lsu oe hs lshd lsijs l= wehs fkdfidhka fka

4& rka ;re msßjrd .;a i| uv, hg


uy jk ìula ueo .sß l=ˆ w;r isg
fkdñhk fya,s oyul mKsjqvh msg
fld÷rñ fl¢ßhla uqM f,dj ksi, fldg

• kQ;k isxy, idys;Hfha mqfrda.dóka f,i ie,flkafkda mshodi isßfiak" ví,ahq'tA' is,ajd" l=udr;=x.
uqksodi" /msfh,a f;kakfldaka" ud¾áka úl%uisxy" uy.ufialr" Ô'î' fiakdkdhl" uydpd¾h tÈßùr
irÉpkaø wd§yq h' Tjqyq iïNdjH idys;Hfhka iy úYaj idys;Hfhka wdNdih ,nñka kQ;k isxy,
idys;H lafIa;%h fmdaIKh l<y' Tjqkaf.a wdNdih ,nñka" f,dalfha kj idys;H m%jK;d .fõIKh
lrñka kQ;k isxy, idys;H lafIa;%hg tla jQ f,aLlfhda fndfyda fj;s' j¾;udk
isxy, idys;Hh fï ish,a, weiqf¾ ks¾udKh fjhs'
7& f,k w;yer hEu ^fld<U $ kQ;k hq.h&
• isxyndyq kdgHh uydpd¾h tÈßùr irÉpkaøhkaf.a ks¾udKhls'
• th j¾I 1961 wf.daia;= ui 31 jeks Èk m%:u jrg fmardfoKsfha § rx..; jsh.
• Tyq j¾I 1914 cQks 03 Èk ol=Kq m<df;a r;a.u fodvka¥j .fuys ckau ,dNh ,eîh'
• Tyqf.a mshd pd,aia ma/kaisia o is,ajd h' uj ,sähd mska;= h'
• foujqmsfhda orejdg hQiagia frðfkda,aâ o is,ajd hkqfjka kï ;enQy'
• mshd ;eme,a ia:dkdêm;sjrhl= f,i úúO m<d;a fj; ia:dk udre ,o fyhska mdi,a lsysmhl u
wOHdmkh yodrkakg frðfkda,aâ yg isÿ úh' ta .d,a, ijq;a,kaâ úoHd,h" .d,a, ßÉukaâ úoHd,h"
.d,a, Ydka; wef,daishia úoHd,h" mdkÿf¾ Ydka; fcdaka úoHd,h" .,alsiai idka; f;dauia úoHd,h
hkdÈ jYfhks'
• mdi,a wOHdmkfhka wk;=re j tjl fld<U hqksj¾isá fld,Sðhg we;=¿ jQ frðfkda,aâ ;reKhd
1936 § iriúfhka msg jQfha f.!rj Wmdêhla iys; j h'
• bx.sßis NdIdfjys o ksmqK jQ fyf;u isf,daka fâ,s ksjqia mqj;am;g tla úh'
• 1939 j¾Ifha § rùkaøkd;a ;df.da¾f.a Ydka;s ksfla;k iriúh fj; .sfha" Ndr;Sh o¾Ykh iy
ix.S;h wdÈ fkdfhla úIhhka yodrd kej; ujqìug meñKsfha h'
• flá l,la .,alsiai Ydka; f;dauia úÿyf,a .=rejrhl= f,I fiajh lr" lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i
úYajúoHd, fiajhg tla jQ fyf;u miq j" ,kavka úYajúoHd,fha ndysr wfmalaIlhl= ù fmrÈ.
o¾Ykh ms<sn|j Ydia;%m;s Wmdêh ysñ lr .;af;a" fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,hg tla ù fmrÈ. NdId
mSGfha md,s iy fn!oaO o¾Ykh ms<sn| lÓldpd¾h Oqrhg m;a jQfha h'
• ful, ;ud ckaufhka ,en isá úfoaYSh W!refõ ku fjkqjg jeÈ;ka;s%f.a tÈßùr irÉpkaø hk ku
Ndú;hg .;a t;=ud tjlg mqj;am;a i|yd irÉpkaø kñka ,sms iïmdokfha fhÿfKa h'
• t;=ud .%ka: fndfyda .Kkla rpkd lf<a h'

1& kdgH lD;s - ukfï" isxyndyq" fmauf;da cdh;S fidaflda" mndj;S


2& kjl;d - u<.sh we;af;da" u<jqkaf.a wjqreÿ od
3& úpdr m¾fhaIK .%ka: - l,amkd f,dalh" idys;H úoHdj
4& iajhx ,sÅ; pß;dmodkh - msx we;s iriú jrula fokafka

• tÈßùr irÉpkaøfhda Ndr;fha l=udrka wYdka úYaj iïudkfhka o" ms,smSkfha /fudka ue.afiihs
iïudkfhka o cmdkfha iaj¾K rc; iïudkfhka o msÿï ,enQy'
• t;=udf.a kdgH w;r ffY,s.; iïm%odfha isxyndyq kdgHh uq,a ;ekays ,d ie,lsh yels h' fuys
f;aud;aul l;d mqj; uydjxYfhys ioyka isxy, cd;sh ìys ùu ms<sno l;d mqj;hs'
• kdgHhl w;HjYH u wx.hla jk .egqu b;d m%n, j fuys ksrEmKh fõ' .;dkq.;sl;ajh
iy kQ;k;ajh w;r jk iodld,sl m%;súfrdaOh fï k¿fjys há fm< fia Èfjk nj úpdrl u;hls'
• isxyndyq kdgHfha f,k w;yer hEu kue;s fojk wxlh fï mdvug we;=<;a fõ'

• kdfgHdaÑ; wjia:d$ldfjHdaml%u Ndú;h$.S;j;a nia jyr$pß; ksrEmKh$isoaê iy miqìï ksrEmKh


úpdrfha fh§u.

1& fm%aujka; orefjks ud, ys¢kq lka fhdud, lshñ mqj; iel ÿ/rd, wik ks;sfhkd.

2&s lsï o uEKshks, Tn fï mjik jokd, weia lka weoysh fkdfya h, wefik fu wreud.

3& fï ish,a, yerod, uu wdfjñ j,gd, fjfik f,id Tn msh ud, iñ÷ka iu.d.

4& Tn mshdfKda krfhl= fkd j jkfhys § ug yuq jQ isxy rdcfhls' Tyq flfrys we;s jQ fm%auh ksid
uu rdc iem yer oud fï jkfhys fjfiñ" orefjks'

5& fï f,fkka Tn fofok ud iu. hd hq;= h jk jdfi yer oud kr jdfi fidhñkd.

6& ;=uq, .;ska od, ndyq fnf,ka od, fjñ fia ;soiska od, l=ßre .sðkaod, l=Uq ;, iskaod, ,ñ fia
flißkaod, ud msh ñ.s|d lrkd úl=uka, wehs ug neß jkafka.

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