Introduction to ICT
NAME FARYAL SADIQ
ROLL NO. BOTN51BF21R030
SUBJECT COMPUTER
SUBMITTED TO SIR ARSALAN
UNIVERSITY OF THAL BHAKKAR
WHAT IS ICT?
Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for information
technology (IT) that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration
of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals) and computers, as well as
necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage and audiovisual, that enable users to access,
store, transmit, understand and manipulate information.
ICT is a broad subject and the concepts are evolving It covers any product that will store,
retrieve, manipulate, transmit, or receive information electronically in a digital form (e.g.,
personal computers including smartphones, digital television, email, or robots). Skills Framework
for the Information Age is one of many models for describing and managing competencies for
ICT professionals for the 21st century.
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPICITY :
The world's technological capacity to store information grew from 2.6 (optimally
compressed) exabytes in 1986 to 15.8 in 1993, over 54.5 in 2000, and to 295 (optimally
compressed) exabytes in 2007, and some 5 zetta bytes in 2014. This is the informational
equivalent to 1.25 stacks of CD-ROM from the earth to the moon in 2007, and the equivalent of
4,500 stacks of printed books from the earth to the sun in 2014. The world's technological
capacity to receive information through one-way broadcast networks was 432 exabytes of
(optimally compressed) information in 1986, 715 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 1993, 1.2
(optimally compressed) zettabytes in 2000, and 1.9 zettabytes in 2007 The world's effective
capacity to exchange information through two-way telecommunication networks was
281 petabytes of (optimally compressed) information in 1986, 471 petabytes in 1993, 2.2
(optimally compressed) exabytes in 2000, 65 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2007 and some
100 exabytes in 2014 The world's technological capacity to compute information with humanly
guided general-purpose computers grew from 3.0 × 10^8 MIPS in 1986, to 6.4 x 10^12 MIPS in
2007.
ETYMOLOGY :
The phrase "information and communication technologies" has been used by academic
researchers since the 1980s The abbreviation "ICT" became popular after it was used in a
report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997 and then in the
revised National Curriculum for England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 2000. However,
in 2012, the Royal Society recommended that the use of the term "ICT" should be
discontinued in British schools "as it has attracted too many negative connotations
From 2014, the National Curriculum has used the word computing, which reflects the
addition of computer programming into the curriculum.
MONETISATION:
The money spent on IT worldwide has been estimated as US$3.8 trillion in 2017 and has been
growing at less than 5% per year since 2009. The estimate 2018 growth of the entire ICT is 5%.
The biggest growth of 16% is expected in the area of new technologies
The average IT budget has the following breakdown:
31% personnel costs (internal)
29% software costs (external/purchasing category)
26% hardware costs (external/purchasing category)
14% costs of external service providers (external/services).
The estimate of money to be spent in 2022 is just over US$6 trillion.
IN SCIENCE :
Applications of ICTs in science, research and development, and academia include:
Internet research
Online research methods
Science communication and communication between scientists
Scholarly databases
IN HEALTH CARE:
Applications of ICTs in health care include:
Telehealth
o A review found that in general, outcomes of such ICT-use – which were envisioned as
early as 1925– are or can be as good as in-person care with health care use staying
similar.
Artificial intelligence in healthcare
Use and development of software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation
mHealth
Clinical decision support systems and expert systems
Models of access to ICT :
Devices
The most straightforward model of access for ICT in Warschauer’s theory is devices In this
model, access is defined most simply as the ownership of a device such as a phone or
computer Warschauer identifies many flaws with this model, including its inability to account for
additional costs of ownership such as software, access to telecommunications, knowledge gaps
surrounding computer use, and the role of government regulation in some countries.
Conduits
A conduit requires a connection to a supply line, which for ICT could be a telephone line
or Internet line. Accessing the supply requires investment in the proper infrastructure
from a commercial company or local government and recurring payments from the user
once the line is set up. For this reason, conduits usually divide people based on their
geographic locations. As a Pew Research Center poll reports, rural Americans are 12% less
likely to have broadband access than other Americans, thereby making them less likely
to own the devices.
Environmental impact to ICTs:
Progress during the century :
There are two sides of ICT, the positive environmental possibilities and the shadow side. On the
positive side, studies proved, that for instance in the OECD countries a reduction of 0.235%
energy use is caused by an increase in ICT capital by 1%.On the other side the
more digitization is happening, the more energy is consumed, that means for OECD countries
1% increase in internet users causes a raise of 0.026% electricity consumption per capita and for
emerging countries the impact is more than 4 times as high.
In problem solving :
In problem-solving
ICTs could also be used to address environmental issues, including climate change, in
various ways, including ways beyond education.
