Unit Iii
Unit Iii
        Unit III deals with Arts and Science: Elements, Medium, Design and
Technology. Learners will explore on The Darwinian Theory of Beauty and Art;
Media and Elements of Visual Art; Design and Principles of Composition;
Kinds of Visual Art; Application of Technology to Art Production, and The Art
of Selfie and Groupie.
      At the end of this unit a learner is expected to:
      a. Identify artworks, styles and artists that used principles of
         science.
      b. Analyze the chemical compositions of some media used in the
         visual arts.
      c. Evaluate the emergent art forms in the age of computer and
         information technology by creating an art piece.
                LESSON
                  3.1
                                     The Darwinian Theory
                                     of Beauty and Art
                                       THE DARWINIAN
                                      THEORY OF BEAUTY
                                          AND ART
                                  DENNIS DUTTON
                                  (1944-2010)
                 Functioned as “fitness
                signal” that the makers
                 used to attract mates,
                hence giving the makers              The peacocks shown
                more chance of survival.             its tail to attract
                                                     peahens.
    Of course, a lot of people think they already know that the proper
  answer to the question “What is beauty?” belongs to our evolved human
  psychology. It’s in the eye of the beholder. It’s whatever moves you
  personally; or, as some people, especially academics, prefer, beauty is in
  the [End Page A314] culturally conditioned eye of the beholder. People
  agree that paintings or movies or music are beautiful because their
  cultures determine a uniformity of aesthetic taste.
    Tastes for both natural beauty and for the arts travel across cultures with
  great ease. Beethoven is adored in Japan. Peruvians love Japanese
  woodblock prints. Inca sculptures are regarded as treasures in British
  museums, while Shakespeare is translated into every major language of
  the Earth. Or, just think about American jazz or American movies—well,
  they go everywhere! There are many differences among the arts but there
  are also universal, cross-cultural, aesthetic pleasures and values.
    How can we explain this universality? The best answer lies in trying to
  construct a Darwinian evolutionary history of our artistic and aesthetic
  tastes. We need to reverse engineer our present artistic tastes and
  preferences and explain how they came to be engraved in our minds by
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
               Note: rubrics for rating please refer to the rubrics of activity 1.1
                              Picasso
                             Woman
                             Reading
                                1923
                          Model was
                            Picasso’s
                           first wife,
                                 Olga
                 Model was
                   Picasso’s
                  first wife,
                        Olga
                                   Picasso
                                   Portrait
                                   Francois
                                   Gilot
                                   1946
                                   The model
                                   was Picasso’s
                                   mistress
                 Picasso
             Jacqueline
Now what    with Flowers
can you say         1954
about
Picasso’s
painting?
Does his
              The model
painting     was Picasso’s
describes    second wife.
his
personality?
 MEDIA OF
                                     PIGMENT MEDIA
 PAINTING                           Paints (Oil, Acrylic)
                                         Tempera
                                          Fresco
 SURFACE MEDIA                          Encaustic
     Canvas                                 Ink
   Wood Panel                              Pastel
   Wall (Mural)                        Water Color
     Paper                               Charcoal
                                       Mixed Media
                                      Van Eyck
                                      Arnolfini Marriage
                                      1434
                                      OIL ON CANVASS
                                      First painting that
                                      used this medium
                 Amorsolo
         Woman with a Jar,
                     1954
               OIL PAINT
               CREATES
       LUMINOUS EFFECT
        ON THE CANVASS
                                      FRESCO
                                      Colored cement
                                      on concrete wall
                                      (palitada)
                                      Michelangelo,
                                      Painting in the Ceiling of
                                      Sistine Chapel
                                      1508-1512
FRESCO
                                                             Giotto
                                                             Adoration
                                                             of the Magi
                                                             1306
After the Restoration in the 1980’s: Colors looked bright and gave a sense newness
                               Final
                        Project of a
                        Humanities
Paintingsu                  Student
sing
Encaustic,
Water
color and                 WATER
Ink as                 COLOR ON
medium                    PAPER
INK ON PAPER
                    Christo
                    Iron Curtain
                    1961
                    INSTALLATION ART
                    This consists of a barricade of oil
                    barrels in a narrow Paris street
                    which caused a large traffic jam.
                    The artwork was not the barricade
                    itself but the resulting traffic jam.
                    CONCEPTUAL ART
                    The title is in reference with the
                    attempt of Soviet Union and its
                    allies to block itself from contact
                    with non-communist countries.
     The artwork is made up of 90 tin cans, each filled with 30 grams of human feces.
    As CONCEPTUAL ART, this is interpreted in relation to Karl Marx idea of commodity
   fetishism in highly consumerist society. One tin can sold for 124,000 pounds in 2007.
                                                                                      Yoko Ono
                                                                                      Painting to
                                                                                      Hammer a Nail
                                                                                      1961
                                                                                      CONCEPTUAL ART
                                                                                      This consists of set of
                                                                                      instructions on how to
                                                                                      make art.
                                        Yoko Ono
                                        Yes! 1966
                                                                                                   Painting to
                                        John Lennon                                                Hammer a Nail
                                        met Yoko Ono.
                                                                                                   Anyone can do
                                                                                                   this following the
                                                                                                   instruction by
                                                                                                   Yoko Ono.
Reflection
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
                  Paste your
              documentation here
ELEMENTS OF ART
                         Point
                          Line
                         Shape
                         Value
                         Color
     POINTILISM (DIVISIONISM)
       by GEORGE SEURAT is a
     style of painting that uses
      point as the fundamental
         structural element.
 You see
 many tiny
  points.
LINE-
                                                        ZEN PAINTING
                                                       Buddhist Monk
           Picasso
          The Camel
          DRAWING
         Graphic Art
  Drawings made up
   of lines produced
 by simple strokes of
             the pen.
                Oriental landscape
             paintings usually have
                vertical orientation
             showing the height of
                          the world.
                                       Korean
                                       Landscape
                                       Painting
of line work
in an art
piece                       The lines sliding above the horizon
                                     means “Attack!”
                                                        David
                                                        Napoleon
                                                        Crossing
                                                        the Alps
“Attack!”
Carefully
observe the
flow of lines           The
and its         intersecting
                  diagonals
connotation        produce
                      radial
                    balance
                      which
                    implies
                 movement
                                                                        If we
 Thick Line                                 Thin Line
                                                                   carefully
 Strength                                   Weakness             analyze, we
 Stability                                  Flexibility        can be able to
                                                                interpret an
                                                                    art work
                                                                 through the
                                                              composition of
                                                                         line.
                 THICK                                              THIN
                COLUMN                                            COLUMN
                 Looks                                              Looks
                 strong                                             weak
                  and                                                and
                 stable                                            flexible
What have
you observe
on the
direction of
                         The straight
your eye
                        lines create a
when you               sense of order.
look at the
image
above? How
about                       Mondrian
below?                     Composition
                            with Red,
                           Yellow and
                               Blue
                                                          Hokusai
                                                          The Great
                                                          Wave Off
                                                          Kanagawa
                                                          1831
CURVE LINES
 express the
 emotion of
      terror
                             BROKEN LINES
                             Express the
                             feeling of
                             sensuality
                                              By looking at
                                              the paintings,
                                              do you agree
                                              with what the
                                              lines
                                              expresses
                             De Kooning
                             Woman in         for?
                             a Bicycle
                           WAYS OF
                         MAKING SHAPE
                   By the boundary of a line that
                    closes into itself (polygon),
                             in drawing
   CURVILINEAR
   (Biomorphic)
       Shapes of
    living things
     IRREGULAR
    Any possible
          shape
                                                                  Here are
                                                                  some of
A wonderful                                                       the
shape found
                                                                  example
   in nature
                                                                  s that
                                                                  identifies
                                                                  the use
                                                                  of shape
        how
the shapes
were
utilized in        RECTILINEAR
an art work    SHAPES look like
              floating on empty
                          space.
                                                           People
                                                           immersed in
                                                           rectilinear
                                                           shapes suggest
                                                           the concept of
                                                           dehumanization
                                                           in cubist
                                                           paintings
                                                           Picasso
                                                           The Three
                                                           Musicians
Kandinsky
  Several
   Circles
     1926
                                                  SHADE
  L IG                                    Dark area on the
         HT                                 surface of the
                                                     object
                                                               SHADOW
                                                               Dark area on
                                                                a receiving
                                                                    surface
              Vermeer
              The Cook
          Vermeer
         The Music
             Lesson
                                         NORTH
           Amorsolo
         Ina at Anak
WEST EAST
SOUTH
                          SFUMATO
                       smoky effect
                       which creates
                         a sense of
                           mystery.
                                                 Rembrandt
                                                 Nightwatch
                                                 1640
                                                There is
                                                usually the
                                                application
                                                of deep
                                                chiaroscuro
                                                in BAROQUE
                                                paintings.
                            Leonardo
                         Lady with an
                         Ermine, 1489
                 The application
                  of chiaroscuro
                  enhances the
                   shape of the
                          figure.
     Van Gogh
     Sunflower
       IMPASTO
    Thick paint
 applied on the
        canvass
                COLOR
                              May be
                              considered
                              as the most
                              beautiful
                              visual
                              element
                                      COLOR
                                                        Produced by
                                                        light striking
                                                        a surface.
                                                        Physical
                                                       Properties
                                                          HUE
                                                         VALUE
                                                      SATURATION
                             Mark Rothko
                                 Untitled
                                    1968
                          COLOR-FIELD
                            PAINTING
                        Painting style that
                        uses huge masses
                         of colors on the
                                   surface.
                                                          LAPIS
                                                          LAZULI
                  ULTRAMARINE
                      BLUE        Most expensive color
                                          FAUVISM
                                 Style of painting by
                                   Matisse that uses
                                  artificial colors for
                                   stimulating effect.
                                               Matisse
                                              The Blue
                                              Window
The dominance of
blue heightens the
 feeling of sadness
      and suffering
  expressed by the
           painting.
Kaleidoscope World
     Reflection
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
                  Paste your
              documentation here
                    IN ARTISTIC FORM,
           ORGANIZATION OF DESIGN…
                                     …is about
   “How are the                      answering
                                     the
   elements put                      question
   together?”
                       HARMONY
                       VARIETY
                       BALANCE
                       DOMINANCE
                               It is the EQUALITY in
                              attention or attraction
                               of visual elements in
                                 the picture-plane
   Kind of
  balance
according
     to the
division of
  picture-
     plane
                                El Greco
                                The Burial
                                of Count
                                Orgaz
The horizontal
balance means
the division
between
heaven and
earth, between
the spiritual and
the material.
                    In this Egyptian
                    painting, the bigger
                    scale of the pharaoh
                    means his superior
                    dignity than ordinary
                    people.
     Reflection
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
                  Paste your
              documentation here
(Shanken, 2009)
Selfie and groupie does not exist just now but even back in
time then. Only the difference is in the mode of capturing.
Let’s get back in time and discover...
                                                          Durer
                                                          Self-Portrait
    In ancient time,                                      1498
    painting of self-
       portrait is the
 mode of capturing
 self of elite people
  who could afford
   to pay a painter.
 EL GRECO
  Domenicus
Theotokopoulus
  (1574-1614)
                                            Botticelli
                                           Adoration of
                                            the Magi
                                              1475
           Sandro Botticelli
                  (1445-1510)
     El Greco
     The Burial
     of Count
     Orgaz
     1612
    Raphael,
Self-Portrait
       1509
                                         Including
                                         themselves as
                                         part of the
                                         painting is a
                                         method of
                                         taking groupie
 Picasso
 Self
 Portrait                                                                     Magritte
 1907                                                                       The Pilgrim
                                                                                  1966
 STYLE                                        Juan Luna
 Cubism                                     Self Portrait                        STYLE
                                                   1870                     Surrealism
                Magritte                                    Warhol
            Self-Portrait                                   Self Portrait
                    1923                                    1967
                  STYLE                                     STYLE
                 Cubism                                     Pop Art
                                              Frida Kalo
                                            Self Portrait
                                             with Thorn
                                           Necklace and
                                           Hummingbird
                                                    1937
                                                 STYLE
                                            Surrealism
                                John
                             Lennon
                            Nine Self-
                              Portrait
                                 1968
                                            Lichtenstein
                                            Self Portrait
                               STYLE        1978
                              Pop Art
                                            STYLE
                                            Pop Art
                                        REFLEX
                                        CAMERA
                                        1959
                         COMPACT
                          CAMERA
                             1939
  POLAROID
  CAMERA
  1961                                  ANALOG
                                        ELECTRONIC
                                        CAMERA
                                        1986
                             DIGITAL
                             CAMERA
                                1995
                                             CELLPHONE
                                                  WITH
        CELLPHONE                               DIGITAL
        DIGITAL                                CAMERA
        CAMERA
        2004                                 WITH SELF-
                                              FRONTING
                                              LENS 2009
On the other
                             GROUPIE
hand ..              A groupie is when a
                    person takes a photo
                    of oneself with other
                   people using a camera
                   or a phone (especially
                        for posting it on a
                   social media website).
- - - - - Reflection
          --------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------
 READINGS
        3.1. Miller, Ellen (2004), “Introduction to Aesthetics” in
             http://users.rowan.edu/~millere/Introduction %20
             to%20Aesthetics.htm
VIDEOS