Faculty of Engineering Technology

MCE 2213 – Mechanics of Materials

202210 - 12884

Lab (8): Deflection of a simply supported beam and moduli of elasticity

Submitted to: Submitted by:

• Dr. Nizar Harib • Saeed Alali H00443275

• Mr. Oscar Osting • Marwan AlKhoory H00367139

• Abdulla Alotaiba H00428433

• Abdulla Aljaziri H00446296

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Table of Contents:

Objective: .................................................................................................................................. 4

Introduction: ............................................................................................................................ 4

Theory: ...................................................................................................................................... 5

Deliverables: ............................................................................................................................. 5

Apparatus/Equipment’s: ......................................................................................................... 6

Results: ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Calculation: .............................................................................................................................. 9

Analysis: .................................................................................................................................. 13

Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................. 15

Reference: ............................................................................................................................... 15

Tables of Figures:

Figure 1: Deflection of Simply Supported and Cantilever Beams in the structure frame……6

Figure 2: Deflection of Simply Supported and Cantilever Beams Experiment……………...6

Figure 3: Weights…………………………………………………………………………….6

Figure 4: Vernier Calliper……………………………………………………………………7

Figure 5: Beams (Brass, Steel, Aluminum)………………………………………………….7

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Tables:

Table 1: Steel Values .............................................................................................................................. 7

Table 2: Aluminum Values ..................................................................................................................... 8

Table 3: Brass Values ............................................................................................................................. 8

Table of Graphs:

Graph 1: Steel M/I VS 1/R....................................................................................................... 13

Graph 2: Aluminum M/I VS 1/R ............................................................................................. 13

Graph 3: Brass M/I VS 1/R ...................................................................................................... 14

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Objective:

• To understand the theory of deflection

• To be able to calculate the bending moment

Introduction:

The study of forces acting on a body and how it responds by deforming is known as material

mechanics. Different types of loadings cause various deformations in bodies with various

geometries or constructed of various materials. Last but not least, this science makes it feasible

to optimize the design for a specific loading condition by predicting the failure of a body under

that scenario.(Sharma,2010). The external load that causes a beam element to bend is defined

as the bending moment. The moment of bending is produced. In a cross-section of a structural

part, the internal reaction loads can be resolved into a resultant force and a resultant couple.

For equilibrium, the couple formed by the internal load must balance the moment produced by

the external force. Shear force and bending moment are the terms used to describe the resulting

internal forces.

In this lab, we will be testing 3 different beams and there deflection with 5 different weights

that we will place on each side, then we will calculate the curvature of each beam and graph

the results.

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Theory:

Deliverables:

• For each beam, perform the test on your own and learn how and what to be done.

• Observe and denote our observations in the report

• Describe the experimental procedure in detail and explain how you used the theory to help

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 you determine Young Modulus of the different materials

• Compare the found values with the values available in material handbooks.

Apparatus/Equipment’s:

No Description Picture

1 Deflection of Simply Supported and

Cantilever Beams in the structure
frame

Figure 1: Deflection of Simply Supported and

Cantilever Beams in the structure frame

2
Deflection of Simply Supported and
Cantilever Beams Experiment

Figure 2: Deflection of Simply Supported and

Cantilever Beams Experiment

3 Weights

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 Figure 3: Weights

4 Vernier Calliper

Figure 4: Vernier Calliper

5 Beams ( Brass, Steel, Aluminum )

Figure 5: Beams (Brass, Steel, Aluminum)

Results:

Table 1: Steel Values

Material: E Value Width, b Depth, d I (m4):

Steel (Nm-2): (mm): (mm):
207 GNm-2 24.2 3.24 6.86 x 10-11

Mass at each Deflection (mm) Applied Radius of 1/R M /I (x109)

end (g) Moment (Nm) Curvature (m)
80 0.28 - 0.01 = 0.1917 74.07 0.0135 2.795 x 109
0.27
180 0.45 – 0.01 = 0.3124 45.46 0.0219 4.554 x 109
0.44
280 0.65 – 0.01 = 0.4544 31.25 0.0320 6.624 x 109
0.64

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 380 0.84 – 0.01 = 0.5895 24.09 0.0415 8.598 x 109
0.83
480 1.03 – 0.01 = 0.7241 19.61 0.0509 10.555 x 109
1.02

Table 2: Aluminum Values

Material: E Value Width, b Depth, d I (m4):

Aluminum (Nm-2): (mm): (mm):
69 GNm-2 19.08 3.34 5.92 x10-11

Mass at each Deflection (mm) Applied Radius of 1/R M /I (x109)

end (g) Moment (Nm) Curvature (m)
80 0.33 – (- 0.07) = 0.0817 50.00 0.020 1.380 x 109
0.4
180 0.84 – (- 0.07) = 0.1859 21.979 0.0455 3.140 x 109
0.91
280 1.35 – (- 0.07) = 0.2900 14.085 0.0709 4.899 x 109
1.42
380 1.85 – (- 0.07) = 0.3921 10.418 0.0959 6.233 x 109
1.92
480 2.35 – (- 0.07) = 0.4942 8.266 0.1209 8.348 x 109
2.42

Table 3: Brass Values

Material: E Value Width, b Depth, d I (m4):

Brass (Nm-2): (mm): (mm):
105 GNm-2 19.08 3.24 5.41 x 10-11

Mass at each Deflection (mm) Applied Radius of 1/R M /I (x109)

end (g) Moment (Nm) Curvature (m)
80 0.35 – (0.00) = 0.0994 57.143 0.0175 1.837 x 109
0.35
180 0.84 - (-0.02) = 0.2443 23.256 0.0429 4.516 x 109
0.86
280 1.28 – (-0.02) = 0.3692 15.385 0.0649 6.824 x 109
1.3
380 1.69 – (0.00) = 0.4856 11.697 0.0855 8.976 x 109
1.71
480 2.18 – (0.00) = 0.6248 9.092 0.1099 11.549 x 109
2.2

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Calculation:

Steel Calculation:
E Value (Nm-2) = 207 GNm-2; width (b) = 24.2 mm ; depth (d) = 3.24 mm
3
bd3 ( 24.2 ×10−3 )(3.24×10−3 )
Second Moment of inertia (I) = I = ≫I= = 6.86 × 10−11 m4
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For Mass (g) = 80; deflection (mm) = 0.27:

2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(0.27×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 74.07 m
8h 8(0.27×10−3 )

M E EI (207× 109 )(6.86×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.1917 Nm
I R R 74.07

M 0.1917
(109 ) ≫ = 2.795 × 109
I 6.86 × 10−11
For Mass (g) = 180; deflection (mm) = 0.44:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(0.44×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 45.46 m
8h 8(0.44×10−3 )

M E EI (207× 109 )(6.86×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.3124 Nm
I R R 45.46

M 0.3124
(109 ) ≫ = 4.554 × 109
I 6.86 × 10−11
For Mass (g) = 280; deflection (mm) = 0.64:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(0.64×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 31.25 m
8h 8(0.64×10−3 )

M E EI (207× 109 )(6.86×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.4544 Nm
I R R 31.25

M 0.4544
(109 ) ≫ = 6.624 × 109
I 6.86 × 10−11
For Mass (g) = 380; deflection (mm) = 0.83:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(0.83×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 24.09 m
8h 8(0.83×10−3 )

M E EI (207× 109 )(6.86×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.5895 Nm
I R R 24.09

M 0.5895
(109 ) ≫ = 8.598 × 109
I 6.86 × 10−11

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For Mass (g) = 480; deflection (mm) = 1.02:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(1.02×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 19.61 m
8h 8(1.02×10−3 )

M E EI (207× 109 )(6.86×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.7241 Nm
I R R 19.61

M 0.7241
(109 ) ≫ = 10.555 × 109
I 6.86 × 10−11

Aluminum Calculation:
E Value (Nm-2) = 69 GNm-2; width (b) = 19.08 mm ; depth (d) = 3.34 mm
3
bd3 ( 19.08 ×10−3 )(3.34×10−3 )
Second Moment of inertia (I) = I = ≫I= = 5.92 × 10−11 m4
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For Mass (g) = 80; deflection (mm) = 0.40:

2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(0.40×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 50.00 m
8h 8(0.40×10−3 )

M E EI (69× 109 )(5.92×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.0817 Nm
I R R 50.00

M 0.0817
(109 ) ≫ = 1.380 × 109
I 5.92 × 10−11
For Mass (g) = 180; deflection (mm) = 0.91:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(0.91×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 21.979 m
8h 8(0.91×10−3 )

M E EI (69× 109 )(5.92×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.1859 Nm
I R R 21.979

M 0.1859
(109 ) ≫ = 3.140 × 109
I 5.92 × 10−11

For Mass (g) = 280; deflection (mm) = 1.42:

2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(1.42×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 14.085 m
8h 8(1.42×10−3 )

M E EI (69× 109 )(5.92×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.2900 Nm
I R R 14.085

M 0.2900
(109 ) ≫ = 4.899 × 109
I 5.92 × 10−11

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For Mass (g) = 380; deflection (mm) = 1.92:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(1.92×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 10.418 m
8h 8(1.92×10−3 )

M E EI (69× 109 )(5.92×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.3921 Nm
I R R 10.418

M 0.3921
(109 ) ≫ = 6.233 × 109
I 5.92 × 10−11

For Mass (g) = 480; deflection (mm) = 2.42:

2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(2.42×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 8.266 m
8h 8(2.42×10−3 )

M E EI (69× 109 )(5.92×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.4942 Nm
I R R 8.266

M 0.4942
(109 ) ≫ = 8.348 × 109
I 5.92 × 10−11
Brass Calculation:

E Value (Nm-2) = 105 GNm-2; width (b) = 19.08 mm ; depth (d) = 3.24 mm
3
bd3 ( 19.08 ×10−3 )(3.24×10−3 )
Second Moment of inertia (I) = I = ≫I= = 5.41 × 10−11 m4
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For Mass (g) = 80; deflection (mm) = 0.35:

2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(035×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 57.143 m
8h 8(0.35×10−3 )

M E EI (105× 109 )(5.41×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.0994 Nm
I R R 57.143

M 0.0994
(109 ) ≫ = 1.837 × 109
I 5.41 × 10−11
For Mass (g) = 180; deflection (mm) = 0.86:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(0.86×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 23.256 m
8h 8(0.86×10−3 )

M E EI (105× 109 )(5.41×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.2443 Nm
I R R 23.256

M 0.2443
(109 ) ≫ = 4.516 × 109
I 5.41 × 10−11

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For Mass (g) = 280; deflection (mm) = 1.3:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(1.3×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 15.385 m
8h 8(1.3×10−3 )

M E EI (105× 109 )(5.41×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.3692 Nm
I R R 15.385

M 0.3692
(109 ) ≫ = 6.824 × 109
I 5.41 × 10−11
For Mass (g) = 380; deflection (mm) = 1.71:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(1.71×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 11.697 m
8h 8(1.71×10−3 )

M E EI (105× 109 )(5.41×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.4856 Nm
I R R 11.697

M 0.4856
(109 ) ≫ = 8.976 × 109
I 5.41 × 10−11
For Mass (g) = 480; deflection (mm) = 2.2:
2 2
C2 +4h2 (400×10−3 ) +4(2.2×10−3 )
Radius of Curvature (m) = R = ≫R= = 9.092 m
8h 8(2.2×10−3 )

M E EI (105× 109 )(5.41×10−11 )

Applied Moment (Nm) = = ≫M= ≫M= = 0.6248 Nm
I R R 9.092

M 0.6248
(109 ) ≫ = 11.549 × 109
I 5.41 × 10−11

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Analysis:

• Plot a graph of M/I versus 1/R. is this a linear relationship? So, what is the value of the

gradient.

M/I VS 1/R (Steel)

12
y = 207.23x + 0.002
10

8
M/I (Nm)

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
1/R (1/m)

Graph 1: Steel M/I VS 1/R

M/I VS 1/R (Aluminum)

9
8
7
6
M/I (Nm)

5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
1/R (1/m)

Graph 2: Aluminum M/I VS 1/R

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 M/I VS 1/R (Brass)
14

12

10
M/I (Nm)

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
1/R (1/m)

Graph 3: Brass M/I VS 1/R

The graphs above show that M/I and 1/R have a linear relationship. The Young's Modulus of

elasticity is represented by the gradient's (slope's) value.

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Conclusion:

In conclusion, the objective of this lab was to investigate the deflection of a simply supported

beam subjected to symmetrical loading using test beams made of various materials. Following

that, the deflection will be used to determine the elastic modulus. As a result, the lab's goal and

objective have been established.

Reference:

Sharma, P . (2010). Mechanics of Materials. Biomechanics

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