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Virtual

The document discusses virtual functions and pure virtual functions in C++. Virtual functions allow derived classes to override base class functions, and the correct version will be called based on the object. Pure virtual functions make a class abstract, requiring derived classes to implement the function. The code examples demonstrate a base class with a virtual function overridden in the derived class, and an abstract base class with a pure virtual function implemented in the derived class.

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Ayush Jadhav
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67 views4 pages

Virtual

The document discusses virtual functions and pure virtual functions in C++. Virtual functions allow derived classes to override base class functions, and the correct version will be called based on the object. Pure virtual functions make a class abstract, requiring derived classes to implement the function. The code examples demonstrate a base class with a virtual function overridden in the derived class, and an abstract base class with a pure virtual function implemented in the derived class.

Uploaded by

Ayush Jadhav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q6) Write a C++ program using virtual function.

Aim:

To implement C++ program using virtual function.

Description:

Virtual function:
 A virtual function is a member function which is declared within a base class and is re-
defined (overridden) by a derived class. When you refer to a derived class object using a
pointer or a reference to the base class, you can call a virtual function for that object and
execute the derived class’s version of the function. 
 Virtual functions ensure that the correct function is called for an object, regardless of the
type of reference (or pointer) used for function call.
 They are mainly used to achieve runtime polymorphism.
 Functions are declared with a virtual keyword in base class.
 The resolving of function call is done at runtime.

Syntax:

Virtual void function_name( )

Code:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
    int x=5;
    public:
    void display( )
  {
        cout<<"The value of x is: "<<x<<endl;
  }
};
class B:public A
{
    int y=10;
    public:
    void display( )
  {
        cout<<"The value of y is: "<<y<<endl;
  }
};

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int main( )
{
    A *a;
    B b;
    a=&b;
    a->display();
    return 0;
}

Output:

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Pure virtual function:
Description:

 Sometimes implementation of all function cannot be provided in a base class because


we don’t know the implementation. Such a class is called abstract class.
 For example, let Shape be a base class. We cannot provide implementation of function
draw() in Shape, but we know every derived class must have implementation of draw().
 Similarly an Animal class doesn’t have implementation of move() (assuming that all
animals move), but all animals must know how to move. We cannot create objects of
abstract classes.
 A pure virtual function (or abstract function) in C++ is a virtual function for which we
can have implementation, But we must override that function in the derived class,
otherwise the derived class will also become abstract class .
 A pure virtual function is declared by assigning 0 in declaration.

Syntax:

Virtual void display( ) = 0;

Code:
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Base

public:

virtual void show() = 0;

};

class Derived : public Base

public:

void show()

std::cout << "Derived class is derived from the base class." << std::endl;

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};

int main()

Base *bptr;

Derived d;

bptr=&d;

bptr->show();

return 0;

Output:

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