‘TABLET Maxillary Incisor 5: Type Traits and Other Characteristics CENTRAL INcISOR LATERAL INCISOR Facial/Labial Aspect Fig. 6-9 Fig. 6-19 Proximal contacts Cervico-incisal location = Mesial Incisal third Junction incisal/midle thirds Distal unetion incisal/middle thirds Middle third Mesioincisal angle Distoincisal angle Sharp right angle Slightly rounded Slightly rounded Distinctly rounded Mesial profile Straight Slightly rounded Distal profile Nearly round Distinctly rounded Mesiodistal width Comparatively wide Comparatively nartow Pulp horn(s) 3 (facial view) Usually 2 (facial view) Lobes 4 (Fig, 4-12, A) 4 Lingual Aspect Fig. 6-3 Fig. 6-14 Marginal ridges Moderate More prominent. Cingulum Moderately pronounced More prominent Fossa Moderately deep Deep Incisal Aspect Fig. 6-11 Fig. 6-18 Outline Triangular ovoid Labial Slightly convex More convex Dimensions Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Crown length (cervico-incisal) 10.5 mm 9mm Crown diameter Mesiodistal 35mm 65mm Cervical 7.0mm 5.0mm Labiotingual 7.0 mm 6.0mm Contour height 0.5 mm; Figs. 6-4, 6-5 0.5 mm; Fig, 6-13 Facia/tingual Both cervical thitd Both cervical third Curvature at CEI Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Mesial 3.5 mm 3.0mm Distal 25 mm 2.0mm Root Figs. 63, 6-5, 6-9, 6-10 Figs. 6-13, 6-19, €-20 Length 13.0 mm 13.0 mm Pulp canal(s) 1 Less frequent apical accessory canals Chronology Tables 2-3, 6-1 Tables 2-3, 6-2 Eruption 78y 8-90 Root completed toy aiyr Tooth Notations Chapter 2 Chapter Universal Right: 8 left: 9 Right: 7; left: 10 International (FOI) Right: 14; left: 21 Right: 12; left: 22 Palmer Right/lef: a2 Right/left: 2) [2‘Taste 2 Mandibular incisors: Type Traits and Other Characteristics (Cenrnat Ineison Larenat tncison Facial/Labial Aspect Figs. 72, 7-9 Figs. 7-3, 7-19 Symmetry Symmetrical bilaterally Asymmetrical Proximal contacts Fig, 5-8, 4 Fig. 58, B Nesial Tncisal third Tncisal third Distal Tncisal third Tneisal third Nesioincisal angles ‘Sharp right angles Some rounding Distoincisal angles Sharp right angles More rounded than mesioincisal angle Curvature at CEI Fig. 5-27, Table 7-1 Table 7-2 Nesial 3.0mm 3.0 mm Distal 2.0mm 2.0 mm Incisal Aspect Fg, 7-11 Fig, 7-18 Incisal edge (ridge) Right angle to line bisecting cingulum Distolingual twist to Line bisecting cingulum Pulp horns) 100 Variable; more prominent Lobes 4 4 Dimensions Table 741 Table 7-2 Crowm length (cervco-incsal) 9.0 mm 9.5 mm Crown diameter Nesiodistal 5mm 5.5mm Cervical 3.5mm 4.0mm Labiotingual 6.0 mm 6.5mm Contour height Lass than 0.5 mm; Fig, 7-7 Less than 0.5 mm Facal/ingual Both cervical third Both cervical third Root Dimensions Table 741 Table 72 Length 125 mm 14,0 mm Pulp (rost) caral(s) Usually 4; 2 possible 1 Chronology Table 7-1 Table 72 Eruption 6-10 Taye Root completed oy toy. Tooth Notations Chapter 4 Chapter 1 Universal Right: 25; left: 24 Right: 26; left: 23 International (FDI) Palmer Right: 41 left: 31 Rightlef: If Right: 425 left: 32 aight/lets 212‘Tasie3 Maxillary and Mandibul Maxi..any INCISORS Incisors: Arch Traits and Other Chat acteristics MANO IBULAR INCISORS Central incisor wider than lateral incisor Wider than mandibular central incisor Marginal ridges and cingulum more prominent Lingual fossa pronounced, often with 2 lingual pit Lateral incisor wider than central incisor Narrowest of incisor class Marginal ridges and cingulum not prominent Lingual fossa shallow without grooves or pits Crown width greater mesiodistally than labiolingualy Roots rounded in cio section Crown wideh greater labiotingually than mesiodistally Roots thin mesiodistally Incical edge labial to root axie ‘Taaus 4 Canines: Type and Arch Traits and Other Characteristics, ‘Maga..aRy CANINE Incical edge Lingual to root acs ManpiuLaR CANINE Facial/Labial Aspect Proximal contacts Fig. 58, C Fig, 57, Mesial Junction incisal/middle thirds Tncisal third Distal idee thi Midale third Mesial Aspect ‘Wider faciolingually Narrower, longer Lingual Aspect Deeper lingual Fossae Flat Lingual surface Marginal ridges Pronounced: 2 foscae Parallel or slightly converging Gingulum Large, centered mesiodistally Smalles, may be off center distally Lingual pits, grooves, Common Incisal Aspect Marked asymmetry of mesial/distal halves Less symmetiy; distal cusp ridge rotated Incisal/Proximal Aspects usp tip may be at or labial to root axis line ‘usp tip lingual to root axic ine Dimensions Mesiodictal 75mm 7.0 mm Labiolingval 8.0mm 75 mm Curvature at CED 2.5 mm (mesial) 1.0 mm (distal) Ineisalcenveal 10.0 mm 1.0mm Contour height 0.5 mm Less then 0.5 mm Facaifingual Both earvealthied Both earveal third Pulp horns) 1 1 Lobes 4 4 Root Terminal (number) 3 Naybe 2 (Fig. 8-24) Length 17mm 16 mm Chronology Table #1 Table #2 Ewuption ey $-10 ye oot complated 13-15 ye a4 ye ‘Tooth Notations Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Universal Fight 6 lft 12 Fights 275 lots 22 International (FDI) Right: 13: left: 23 Right: 43: left: 33 ed Right/lert: 3) 3 Rightlert: 3} 3Tasie5 Maxillary Premolars: Type Traits and Other Characteristics Finst PREMoLAn SECOND PREMOLAR Facial/Buceal Aspect Proximal contacts Mesial/distal: middle third Nesial/distal: midale third Shoulders Prominent Narrow Buccal cusp Tipped more to distal Not tipped Cusp ridges Longer mesial ridge ‘Similar Cusp size, height SUightiy wider, longer Shorter Lingual Aspect Buceal profile visible Profle not visible Mesial Aspect Nesiomarginal groove Grosses marginal ridge Does not cross ridge Nesial concavity Present Not present Nesial root depression Present Present Occlusal Aspect Fig. 9-6 Fig. 9-21 Profle Hexagonal void Central groove Long Short Supplemental groves Usually not present Mary; often present Lobes “4 4 Pulp horn(s) 2 2 Dimensions Table 9-1 Table 9-2 Cenvico-ocelusal 85 mm 8.5mm Crown diameter Mesiodistal 10mm 70mm Cervical 5.0 mm 5.0mm Contour height Fig. 95 Fig. 9-19 Facial/buccal crest Cervical third Cervical third Lingual nie eid idle thi Curvature at CED Figs. 04, 0-5 Masial 1.0 mm 10mm Distal 0.0mm 0.0 mm Root Lenath of root 34.0 mm 14,0 mn Grooves Distinct, tongitudinal No distinct grooves Number of roots Usually 2 1 root Pulp caral(s) often 2 Usually 1 Chronology Table 9-1 Table 9.2 Eruption 10-11 yr 10-12 yr Root completed 3-13 yt seagyr Tooth Notations Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Universal Right, §; let, 22 Right, 4 lat, 13 International (FO1) Right, 14; left, 26 Fight, 25: left, 25, Palmer Riahtlett: lA Fiaht iets 51S‘Taste 6 Mandibular Premolars: Type Traits and Other Characteristics Finst PREMOLAR SECOND PREMOLAR Facial/Buccal Aspect Figs, 10-2, 10-9 Figs. 10-13, 10-18 Proximal contacts Fig. 5-7 Fig. 57 Cenico-occlusal Mesial/dsta: middle third Mesial/distal: mide chi Form Asymmetrical Bilaterally symmetrical Lingual Aspect Fig. 10-3 Fig. 10-14 Buccal profile All buccal profile seen None seen Cusp height Lingual less than buccal Buccal/ingual cusps neatly equal Mesial Aspect Fig. 10-1 Fig, 10-15 Occlusal plane Tited bngually Essentially horizontal Transverse ridge or buccal triangular ridge Transverse ridge present (Fig. 10-1) No transverse ridge present (Fig. 10-17) Occlusal Aspect Figs. 10-6, 10-11 Fig, 10-17 Outline form Diamond-shaped Square Cusps 2 (Fig. 10-1) 2 or 3 (Fig. 10-20) Lobes 4 bors Dimensions Table 10-1 Table 10-2 Crown length (cervico-occlusal) 8.5 mm 8.0 mm Crown diameter Mesiodistal. 7.0 mm 7.0 mm Conical 5.0 mm 5.0 mm Buccolingual 1.5 mm 8.0mm Contour height Figs. 5-27, 10-4 Fig, 10-16 Facial Cervical third idle thir Lingual Middle third Middle third Curvature at CEJ Table 10-1 (cervical line) Table 10-2 Mesial 1.0 mm 1.0 mm Distal 0.0 mm 0.0 mm Root Table 10-1 Table 10-2 Length 14.0 mm 14.5 mm Pulp canal(s) 1 1 Pulp horn(s) 1 2 Chronology Table 2-3; Table 10-1 Table 2-3; Table 10-2 Eruption 10-12 yr 11-12 yr Root completed 12-13 yr 13-16yr Tooth Notations Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Universal Right: 28; lefts 2 Right: 29; left: 20 ‘International (FOI) Right: 44; left: 34 Right: 45; left: 35. Palmer Rightflet: Alle Right/leR: 515Maxitiany PaeMoLans MANoIAULAR PREMOLARS Facial/Buccal Aspect: Fig. 4-16 Gowns are trapezoidal (rowns are trapezoidal Mesial Aspect: Fig, 4-16 Gowns are trapezoidal Crowns are rhomboid Buccal and lingual cusps are almost equal in height Lingual cusps comparatively much shorter than maxillary lingual cusps Lingual cusp tips may be lingual to the root Two major cusps of almost equal size and prominence Buccal and lingual cusps of uneven height and prominence “a rape a fursied plane fig havng to ses para "A homie an obique ale pallgram wid ary the oppose ses eq. Taste 8 Maxillary Molars: Type Traits and Other Characteristics General Characteristics of All Molars Height of Contour: Buccal crest is at cervical third; tngual crest fs at middle thitd of crown (e.g, Fig. 11-13) Proximal Contacts: Cervical-oceusal location of mesial contact is at middle third (tomard occlusal third); distal contact is at middle third, slightly toward cervical third (eg. Fig. 11-13) own Dimensions: Crowns are wider mesiodisaly than cervico-occlusal height ‘cuaracrenistic inst MOLAR ‘Secon MoLAR Tao Mo.an Facial/Buccal Aspect Figs. 11-4, 12515, Figs, 11-19, 11-26 Figs, 11-28, 11-33, Dimensions Widest of three idle in width Smallest of three Distobuceal cusp height Equals mesiobuecal cusp height Slightly less than mesiobuceal Much less than mesiobuccal Lingual Aspect Fig, 11-6 Fig, 11-20 Fig, 11-29 Distolingual cusp Largest dstotingual cusp Smaller width height Usually missing Lingual root Widest mesiodistally Narrower Narowest Occlusal Aspect Fig, 11-12 Fig. 11-23 Fig, 11-32 Grown form Trapezoid to rhomboid More rhomboidal Heartshaped Lobes 5 4 3or& Dimensions. Table 11-1 Table 11-2 Table 11-3, Grown length (cervico-occusal) 7.5 mm 7.0 mm 6.5mm own diameter Mesiodistal 10.0 mm : 9.0 mm 35 nm = Cervical 8.0mm 7.0 mm 6.5mm Buecolingual 11.0 mm 1.0mm 10.0 mm Contour height 0.5 mm; Fig. 13-13 0.5 mm; Fig, 12-24 0.5 mm; Fig. 11-30 Buecal crest Cervical third Cervical third Cervical third Lingual rest Middle third Middle third Middle third Curvature at CED Table 11-1 Table 11-2 Table 11-3, Mesial 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0mm Distal 0.0 mm 0.0 mm 0.0 mm Root Table 11-1 Table 11-2 Table 11-3, Length, buceal 12.0 mm 1.0mm 1.0mm Length, lingual 13.0 mm 120mm Chronotogy Table 11-1 Table 11-2 Table 11-3, Exuption by 12413 yr 7-21 yr Root completed 9-20 yt 16-16 yr 18-25 yt ‘Tooth Notations Chapter 3 Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Universal Right: 3; left: 14 Right: 2; left: 15 Right: 1; let: 16 International (FOI) Right: 16; lets 26 Right: 17; left: 27, Right: 18 lefts 28 Palmer Right/lef: 6 [6 Right/left: 2) [2 Right/le: 8 [2‘Taste 9 Mandibular Molars: Type Traits and Other Characteristics Chanacremeric Finer MoLAn Seconn Motan Tune Mawar, Facial/Buccal Aspect Figs. 12-6, 12-14 Figs. 12-18, 12-23 Figs. 12-29, 12-34 Crown size Largest; widest mesiodistally Smaller Smallest Cusp 5 Cuspst mesiobuccal, distebuceal 4 Cusps: mesiobuceal, distobuccal, 4 Cusps: mesiobuccal, rmesiolingual, distolingual, distal meciolingual, distolingual distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual Groove(s)/pit(s) 1 Mesicbuccal + pit, 1 distobuccal 1 Buccal + pit 1 Buccal + pit Roots) Figs. 12-4, 12-14 Fig, 12-18 Fig. 12-29 Widely separated; neatly vertical lose together, parallel; distally Mast short, fused, less inclined inclination Lingual Aspect Fig. 12-6 Fig, 12-19 Fig. 12-30 Cervix Grown narrower Less rarow Less narrow Occlusal Aspect Fig. 12-2 Fig, 12-25, Fig. 12-33 Crown form Quadtilateral or hexagonal, pentagonal Quadrilateral or rectangular Quadrilateral or ovoid Lobes 5 (Fig. 4-12, C) 4 4 Pulp horn(s) 5 4 4 Dimensions Table 12-1 Table 12-2 Table 12-3, Crown length (cervico-oeclusal) 7.5 mm 7.0mm 7.9 mm Crown diameter Mesiodistal 1.0 mm 105 nm 10.0 mm Cervical 9.0 mm 2.0mm 7.5 mm Buccalingual 10.5 mm 10.0 nm 9.5 mm Contour height Figs. 12-7, 12-12 Figs. 12-20, 12-21 Figs. 12-31, 12-32 Buccal crest Cervieal third, 0.5 mm Cervical third, 0.5 mm Cervical third, 0.5 mm Lingual crest Middle third, 1.0 mm Middle third, 2.0 mm Middle third, 1.0 mm Curvature at CED Figs. 5-27, 12-12 Fig, 12-12 Fig, 12-32 Mesial 1.0 mm 1.0 mm 1.0mm Distal 0.0 mm 0.0 mm 0.0 mm Root Fig, 12.7 Fig, 12.21 Fig, 12.31 Length 14.0 mm; Table 1-1 23.0 mm; Table 1-1 12.9 mm; Table 1-1 Chronology Table 12-1 Table 12-2 Table 12-3 Eruption 6-7yr 11-13 yr 1-21yr Root complete 9-10 yr 14-15 yr 18-25 yr ‘Tooth Notations Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Univers Right 30 left 19 fights 3: left: 18 Right: 32: left: 17 Intemational (FOD) Right: 46; left 36 Rights 47; left: 37 Right: 40; les 38 Palmar Right/efts Te Rightjlefs 7117 Right/left: a8