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Chapter 7 Answer

(1) The gall bladder stores and releases bile juice when fatty food is present in the small intestine to emulsify fat for easier digestion. (2) Bile juice contains bile salts that provide a large surface area for lipases and enzymes to act upon fats. (3) The small intestine contains finger-like projections called villi that provide a large surface area for food absorption, with a thin epithelium shortening diffusion distance of digested nutrients into the bloodstream.

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171 views4 pages

Chapter 7 Answer

(1) The gall bladder stores and releases bile juice when fatty food is present in the small intestine to emulsify fat for easier digestion. (2) Bile juice contains bile salts that provide a large surface area for lipases and enzymes to act upon fats. (3) The small intestine contains finger-like projections called villi that provide a large surface area for food absorption, with a thin epithelium shortening diffusion distance of digested nutrients into the bloodstream.

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HKCE Nutrition in Human

1993 2001
Patient A should take less fat 1 (i) (1) C. ½
Gall bladder stores bile juice which is released (2) A, B, D ½ , ½ , ½
when fatty food is present in small intestine 1 (ii) Drawing (D) : (resemblance, large & clear drawing) 1
Bile juice contains bile salts for emulsification of fat 1 Labels (L) : * enamel, dentine, pulp / pulp cavity, jaw bone, root, crown
to provide a large surface area for action of lipases / enzymes 1 (any five) 2½
Title (T) ½
1992
(i) region C 1 stomach 1 1999 Q2b
(ii) curve X 1
digestion of starch in the mouth cavity 1
(iii) * pancreatic juice 1 bile 1 * intestinal juice 1
(iv) region D 1
(v) * large intestine / * colon / * rectum 1
absorption of water / temporary storage of faeces 1

1996
(i) to close the opening of the trachea/to prevent food from entering the
trachea during swallowing (1 mark)
(ii) peristalsis(1 mark)
(iii) it contains protease(1 mark)
to digest protein into short peptides/amino acids/polypeptides(1 mark)
it is alkaline(1 mark)
to neutralize the acid from the stomach/to provide a suitable pH for the
functioning of protease. (1 mark)
(iv) The faeces will become more watery(1 mark)
because less water is absorbed if a large part of D is removed. (1 m)
(v) breakdown of excess amino acids/formation of urea.)
storage of iron/vitamin A/ vitamin D/glycogen )
regulation of blood sugar level )any two 1+1
HKCE Nutrition in Human
2003 2005

2006

2004
(i) X is a finger-like projection of the intestinal wall. (1)
This feature provides a large surface area for food absorption. (1)
The epithelium of X is very thin / one-cell thick. (1)
This shortens the distance of diffusion / transport of digested food
substances. (1)
(ii) X → hepatic portal vein → liver → hepatic vein → vena cava →
(heart) (2) 2007
(iii) The peristaltic contraction of the muscle layer (1)
pushes food along the small intestine. (1)
This also helps to mix food with digestive enzymes. (1)
HKCE Nutrition in Human
2008

2009
HKCE Nutrition in Human

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