BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

(Thì hieän taïi ñôn)
* To be: is/ am/ are ( thì ,laø ,bò duoc, o)
1.Affirmative form: Cau khang dinh
I am a student
He/She/It is a student
We/ You/ They are students
2. Negative form : Cau phu dinh
AM NOT
S + ISN’T + ……
AREN’T
3. Interrogative form: Cau hoi
AM
IS + S +………?
ARE
- Are you a student? + Yes, I am / No, I am not
* ORDINARY VERBS:(DONG TU THUONG) go, run,speak….
1.Affirmative form: S + V/V(s, es)+…
I / you/we /they walk to school everyday
He /she /it walks to school everyday
Note: doi voi ngoi so ba so it, thong thuong ta can them -s sau dong tu. Nhung them-es sau dong tu tan
cung bang:s, sh, ch, o,x, ss, z
Ex :Miss_misses
Watch_ watches
Buzz_buzzes (keâu vo ve)
Fix_fixes (söûa chöõa)
Ex: Nam (watch) watches T.V everyday
2. Negative form : S + do not + V bare_inf ?
does not
I /you / they / we don’t walk to school everyday
He / she /it doesn’t walk
3. Interrogative form : Do + S + V bare_inf ?
Does
- Do you walk to school everyday ?
+ Yes, I do / No, I don’t
- Where does she often go every morning?
+ She often goes to work every morning
* Usage :
1. Thì hieän taïi ñôn dunøg ñeå dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng sự việc được lặp lại nhiều lần
hay coøn goïi laø thoùi quen trong hieän taïi. Noù thöôøng ñi keøm vôùi nhöõng traïng töø: always, usually, often,
sometimes, rarely(hieám khi), seldom, never, once a week, twice a month, on Sundays, everyday,
every, generally(noùi chung),……
Ex : She often (get) gets up at 6 oclck.
2. dien ta mot su that hien nhien, mot chan ly, mot cau cham ngon, mot so thich.
Ex : The earth (move) moves around the sun.
One and one (be) is two.
He (like) likes watching T.V
3.Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng seõ xaûy ra trong töông lai trong meänh ñeà phuï chæ thôøi gian baét ñaàu
baèng: when, after, before, as soon as…
Ex : After he (finish) finishes work, he will do the errands
When you (see) see my brother tomorow , you will give my money to him
Present continuous tense(thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn)

Formation : S + am / is /are +V-ing

1 .Affirmative form: S + am +V- ing
is
are
Ex : we are learning English now
2. Negative form :S + am + not +v-ing
is
are
Ex :we aren’t learning English now .
3. Interrogative form : Am
Is + S + V-ing?
Are
Ex : - Are you learning English now?
+ yes, we are /no , we aren’t
- What are you doing now?
+ I am writing the lesson now
• Usage :
- Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn duøng ñeå dieãn taû nhöõng haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû thôøi ñieåm ta ñang noùi noù
thöôøng ñi keøm vôùi: now, right now, at present =at the moment (ngay baây giôø)hoaëc caâu meänh leänh
coù daáu chaám than(!)
Ex : The ceiling fans (work) are working at present.
Look ! it is raining
Note: Moät soá ñoäng töø sau thöôøng khoâng duøng vôùi thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn :
- Đt chæ caûm xuùc : like, love, want, desire, refuse…
-Đt chi giaùc quan: see, hear, smell, sound, taste, recognize…
-Đt chæ lí trí: understand, know, think, believe …
Exercises: Put the verbs in brackets into the simple present or present cont tense:
1.Keep silent! The babies (sleep)________.
2.My mum (work) _____________ at the factory at present.
3.The managers often (return)______home late.
4.The sun (rise) ________ in the East and (set)______ in the West.
5. What they (do)______ at the moment?
+ They (repair)_______ the radio.
6. Nam ( not go)_____to the theatre at weekends.
7. He usually (tell)______the truth
8. It (be)________ very cold in the winter.
9. Oil (float)_______ on water.
10. Everybody (watch)__________ news on T.V right now.
11. Keep silent! My farther (work)________
12. Your friends (like)_____________ going fishing in their free time?
13. Ten minus five (equal)_______5
14. The swimming pool (open)_______at 6 A.M and (close)______at 10 P.M everyday.
15. This cake (taste)______ good
 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
(Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh)
Period: 3,4
Formation : S + HAVE / HAS +V3 /ed

Ex :We have learned English for 6 years

1. Affirmative form : S +HAVE / HAS +V3/ed
I / you /we / they have lived in Bien Hoa city since 2000
He / she / it has
2. Negative form : S +HAVE / HAS +NOT +V3 / ed
I /you / they / we haven’t lived bien hoa city since 2000
He / she / it hasn’t
3. Interrogative : Have + S +V3 /ed ?
Has
-Have you lived in Bien Hoa city since 2000 ?
+ Yes, I have / No, I haven’t .
-How long have you studied English ?
+ I have studied English for 10 years.
• Usage : Thì hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh duøng ñeåï :
1. Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng baét ñaàu trong qua khöù , keùo daøi cho ñeán hieän taïi vaø coù theå tieáp tuïc
trong töông lai.
Noù thöôøng ñi keøm vôùi: since + (1 moc TG), for + (1 khoang TG), lately =recently =so far (gaàn
ñaây), just, already (roài), up to now, until now, ever, never, (not)……yet(chöa), several times,
many times, this is the 1st time, before(cuoi cau),…
Ex : I (be) have been a teacher since 2000.
He (meet ) has met his old friends recently.
2. Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra:
Ex :She (go ) has just gone out
3. Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ qua, nhöng haäu quaû cuûa noù vaãn coøn trong hieän taïi.
Ex : The lift has broken down (we have to use the stairs now).
4.Dieãn taû moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra nhöng khoâng xaùc ñònh ñöôïc thôøi gian:
Ex :My mother has gone out
Exercice : Use either the present perfect or simple past in the following sentences:
1 . She is studying . she (start )________to study 10 minutes ago, she (study)______ for 10 minutes.
2. I live in the flat. I (move)______here in 1995. I (live)_____ since1995.
3. A : -You (see)____________ any good films lately ?
+ Yes, I (go)______to Bien Hoa theatre last week and (see) _______ a Janpanese film.
4. I (never visit) _________ Auxtralia, but I (see) _______ a programme on T.V about it 2 weeks ago.
5. World war II (end) _______ in 1945.
6. Where you (be) _______ ___this morning? I rang up several times before midday.
7. Nam (just leave) _______ here.
Period 5:
Exercise: Give the correct verb form :
1. Lan (walk)_________ to work everyday.
2. It (be) _________ always hot in April in Viet Nam.
3. In our country,the rainy season (begin) _________ in May and (end) _________ in November.
4. My brother (spend) _________ a week on a farm every summer.
5. They (not usually leave) _____________their office at 7 o’clock.
6. Son and Quang (play) _________ games at present.
7. -What your children(do) ____________ right now? +They (do) _________the garden
8. He (repair) _________ the T.V at the moment.
9. Listen ! Someone (cry) _________in the house.
10. My classmates (explain) _________the lesson to him at present.
11. My brother (write) _________ several plays.He (just finish) _________ his fifth tragedy.
12. I (not meet) _________ her for 3 years.I wonder where she is.
13. David and Mary (be) _________ promoted 3 times since they worked here.
14. Nam (return)_____to Da Lat recently.
15. My students (not have) _________breakfast yet.
Period : 6th
THE SIMPLE PAST:(QUA KHU DON)
* To be: Was (I/He/She/It) (la, thi, o, bi, dc)
Were(We/You/They)
1.Affirmative form: Cau khang dinh
I/ he/she/it WAS a student 3 years ago
You/ we/they/ WERE students 3 years ago
2. Negative form : Cau phu dinh
S+ WASN’T + ……
WEREN’T
3. Interrogative form: Cau hoi

WAS + S +………?
WERE
* Ordinary verb: S+V2/Ved
1. Affirmative form : S+V2/Ved
I/You/We/He Walked to school yesterday
He/She/It
2. Negative form: S+did not+V bare-inf
I/You/We/They didn’t walk to school yesterday
He/She/It

3. Interrogative form: Did+S+V bare-inf ?

- Did you walk to school yesterday ?
+ Yes, I did / No,I didn’t
- What did he do last night ?
+ He watched the football match last night
• Usage: Thì quá khứ dùng để diễn tả:
1.Một hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt ở quá khứ với thời gian rõ rệt.Nó thường đi kèm
với:yesterday, last night, last week, last….,two days ago,in 2005....
Ex: We (have) had a very difficult examination last Friday.
- The train (arrive) arrived ten minutes ago.
2.Khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động hoàn toàn lệ thuộc về quá khứ.
- Chinese invented printing
3. Một chuỗi hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ex: He(return) returned to the bedroom, took off the hat,dropped his pajamas on the floor and
went into the bathroom to wash.
Exercise: Write the corrcect verb forms for these sentences.
1. Columbus (discover) _________ America more than 400 years ago
2. They (come) _________ here a month ago
3. Albert Eistein (die) _________ on April 18,1955
4. They (come) _________ to see me last night
5. I (have) _________ lunch with Dong yesterday
6. - What you (do) _________ yesterday ?
+ We (go) _________ out with my friends.
7. Son (buy) _________ several records last week
8. I (see)………. ..a car accident while I (wait)……. ….for you on this corner yesterday.
9. Mr. John (be)………….. principal of our school since last year.
10. Mr. Smith (teach) …………………...at this school since he (graduate) ……………in 1980.
11. My father (not watch) ……………TV every night.
12. I (meet) …………..Arthur three weeks ago.
13. Yesterday the police (report) ……………. that they (capture) ……………the thief.
14. My friend (thank) …………..me for what I had done for him.
15. Someone (steal)….. ………my handbag on the bus.
16. The Browns (live) …………..in Paris for 7 years when the Second World War (break)
………..out.
17. Last month I (be) ……………..in the hospital for ten days.
18. Don’t call me in the afternoon, I usually (be) ………….away in the afternoon.
19. Mr. Clark (be) ……..…in New York 2 months ago.
20. John (drive) ………………that car since I (know) …………him.
21. People (speak)……. ........English in most of Canada.
22. The dog (wag) ………….his tail whenever he (see) ………..me.
23. What…… you (do) ……when I (ring)………..you last night?
24. Up to present, I never (see) …………………such a fat man.
25. I (not see) ……………..him since last Monday.
26. They had sold all the books when we (get) ……………there.
27. I think he will leave as soon as he (know)……………. the news.
28. She (play) …………..the piano when our guests (arrive) …………last night.
29. He (come) …………and see you soon.
30. My mother (come) …………………to stay with us next weekend.
31. Where you (spend) ……………………your holidays next summer?
32. Violets (bloom)…………….. in Spring.