FLAIM Trainer Scenarios Manual Updated R1 2022
FLAIM Trainer Scenarios Manual Updated R1 2022
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info@flaimsystems.com
FLAIM
Trainer
Scenario Descriptions and Learning Outcomes
Updated: R1 2022
Copyright © 2022
Table of contents:
Legend
Instructor injects available Door entry available, flashover may occur
Occupant rescue
Bushfires Burnover 14
Wildfire 16
2
Environment Scenarios Page
Container Fire 17
Grassfire 20
Bonfire 21
MVA Fire 25
RV Exterior Fire 29
3
Environment Scenarios Page
Petrol Station Bulk Storage - Propane/LPG BLEVE 32
Car Fire 32
Bedroom Fire 35
Garage Fire 37
Kitchen Fire 38
3600 Size-Up 38
Rural Grassfire 39
Backhoe Fire 39
Barn Fire 41
Wildfire 42
4
Airbase
C17 Engine Fire
Scenario Description
A C17 Aircraft is stationary on a
runway with a fully involved engine fire.
The fire can be smothered with the
correct application of foam or water.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe aircraft evacuation procedures
• Discuss foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe additional resourcing requirements
extinguishing medium • Expected time duration and reporting to Air Traffic
• Demonstrate and discuss word-back and situation Control
reporting • Demonstrate and discuss dynamic risk assessment
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique • Discuss aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy safety
• Demonstrate and discuss aircraft approach procedures procedure
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques communications (including Air Traffic Control)
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe evacuation procedures
extinguishing medium • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
reporting • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
5
Airbase
F16 Brake Fire
Scenario Description
An armed F16 Aircraft is stationary on
a runway with a brake fire. The fire
can be smothered with the correct
application of water or foam.
Learning Outcomes
• Describe and demonstrate correct aircraft approach • Describe aircraft evacuation procedures
procedures • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe expected time duration and reporting to Air
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage and Traffic Control
extinguishing medium • Describe dynamic risk assessment
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Describe word-back and situation reporting safety procedure
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe aircraft evacuation procedures
• Discuss foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe additional resourcing requirements
extinguishing medium • Expected time duration and reporting to Air Traffic
• Demonstrate and discuss word-back and situation Control
reporting • Demonstrate and discuss dynamic risk assessment
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique • Discuss aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy safety
• Demonstrate and discuss aircraft approach procedures procedure
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications
6
Airbase
F35 Brake Fire
Scenario Description
An unarmed F35 Aircraft is stationary
on a runway with a fully involved engine
fire. The fire can be smothered with the
correct application of water or foam.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques communications (including Air Traffic Control)
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe evacuation procedures
extinguishing medium • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
reporting • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques communications (including Air Traffic Control)
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe evacuation procedures
extinguishing medium • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
reporting • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
7
Airbase
PC21 Brake Fire
Scenario Description
A PC21 Aircraft is stationary on a
runway with a brake fire. The fire
can be smothered with the correct
application of water or foam.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe aircraft evacuation procedures
• Describe and demonstrate aircraft approach procedures • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Expected time duration and reporting to Air Traffic
• Discuss foam usage, secondary damage and Control
extinguishing medium • Demonstrate and discuss dynamic risk assessment
• Discuss word-back and situation reporting • Discuss aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy safety
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique procedure
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications
8
Airbase Night
Blackhawk Engine Fire
Scenario Description
A Blackhawk aircraft is stationary on a
landing pad with a fully involved engine
fire. The fire can be smothered with the
correct application of suppressant.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques communications (including Air Traffic Control)
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage, and • Describe evacuation procedures
extinguishing medium • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
reporting • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe aircraft evacuation procedures
• Discuss foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe additional resourcing requirements
extinguishing medium • Expected time duration and reporting to Air Traffic
• Demonstrate and discuss word-back and situation Control
reporting • Demonstrate and discuss dynamic risk assessment
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique • Discuss aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate and discuss aircraft approach procedures safety procedure
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications
9
Airbase Night
F18 Hard Landing – Running Fuel
Scenario Description
An unarmed F18 Aircraft is stationary
on a runway with a gear down landing
and spreading running fuel fire. The
fire can be smothered with the correct
application of foam.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe aircraft evacuation procedures
• Discuss foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe additional resourcing requirements
extinguishing medium • Expected time duration and reporting to Air Traffic
• Demonstrate and discuss word-back and situation Control
reporting • Demonstrate and discuss dynamic risk assessment
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique • Discuss aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy safety
• Demonstrate and discuss aircraft approach procedures procedure
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques communications (including Air Traffic Control)
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe evacuation procedures
extinguishing medium • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
reporting • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
10
Airbase Night
F35 Engine Fire
Scenario Description
An unarmed F35 Aircraft is stationary
on a runway with a fully involved
engine fire. The fire can be smothered
with the correct application of water or
foam.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques communications (including Air Traffic Control)
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage and • Describe evacuation procedures
extinguishing medium • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
reporting • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
11
Airport
Boeing 777 Interior Fire
Scenario Description
A Boeing 777 aircraft is stationary on
the runway with an interior cabin fire.
The fire can be smothered with the
correct application of water.
Learning Outcomes
• Discuss neutral plane awareness and impeded visibility • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
• Discuss water usage, secondary damage, ventilation and • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
extinguishing medium safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Demonstrate and describe dynamic risk assessment
reporting
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications (including Air Traffic Control)
12
Airport Night
Boeing 777 Brake Fire
Scenario Description
A wide body aircraft has landed and
stopped on the runway with a fully
involved brake/tire fire. Potential
exposures on wing of aircraft. The fire
can be extinguished by the correct
application of foam.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Demonstrate and describe evacuation procedures
• Demonstrate correct smothering techniques • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Discuss water usage, secondary damage and • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
extinguishing medium • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation safety procedure
reporting • Demonstrate and describe dynamic risk assessment
• Discuss aircraft approach procedures
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications (including Air Traffic Control)
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Discuss water usage, secondary damage and • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
extinguishing medium • Describe aircraft shutdown safety procedure
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Demonstrate and describe dynamic risk assessment
reporting
• Describe pilot and multi-agency considerations/
communications (including Air Traffic Control)
• Demonstrate and describe evacuation procedures
13
Bushfires
Burnover
Scenario Description
A fire truck is stranded with a bushfire
fast approaching. When the horn signal
is given the trainee must execute the
burnover readiness procedure:
• Shut off water
• Depressurize hose line
• Place hose on ground
• Disconnect hose from truck
• Enter the truck
• Roll down rear protective blinds
• Take fire blanket
Note: Once the hose is placed on the
ground, the trainee should be handed a
Vive controller.
Learning Outcomes
• Completing a fire ground drill as per for example the CFA Standard Operating Procedures (SOP 9.32) Fire Ground
Burnover drill.
Learning Outcomes
• Understanding how fire impacts properties • Expected time duration and reporting to command
• Understand how exposures influence fire spread to • Dynamic risk assessment
structures • Priority of asset protection
• Removing exposures and preparing property for fire • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Word-back and situation report training
• Resourcing requirements
14
Bushfires
Property Emergency Prepare
Scenario Description
This scenario involves safeguarding
a house against potential bushfire
threats in a rural property (Australian
Setting). To safeguard a flammable
the firefighter should aim at it, so the
laser pointer appears, and then hold
down the button. The scenario will end
successfully when key flammables and
a reasonable proportion of others have
been safeguarded.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Priority of asset protection
• Word-back and situation report training • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Correct water application technique • Prioritisation of attack
• Resourcing requirements • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Expected time duration and reporting to command
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Priority of asset protection
• Word-back and situation report training • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Correct water application technique • Prioritisation of attack
• Resourcing requirements • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Expected time duration and reporting to command
15
Corrections Facility
Mattress Fire
Scenario Description
An inmate has set fire to a mattress in
a corrections facility management cell.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct procedures for interacting with and • Expected time duration and reporting to command
evacuating inmates during an incident • Dynamic risk assessment
• Hose handling techniques • Priority of asset protection
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Word-back and situation report training • Prioritisation of attack
• Correct water application technique • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Resourcing requirements
Wildfire
Scenario Description
A wildfire is approaching a corrections
facility. The fire has random
propagation and will emit embers
that can ignite spot fires on prison
grounds. The trainee must protect the
prison grounds and property from the
encroaching fire.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Priority of asset protection
• Word-back and situation report training • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Correct water application technique • Prioritisation of attack
• Resourcing requirements • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Expected time duration and reporting to command
16
Docks
Container Fire
Scenario Description
A fire in a shipping container in a
dockside environment. No exposures
at risk. Trainee can learn about neutral
plane, gas cooling technique. Flashover
can occur if gasses are not cooled
adequately.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe isolation of fixed installations
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium • Describe manifest/hazmat/cargo inventory
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment considerations
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Demonstrate positioning
reporting • Describe neutral plane appreciation
• Demonstrate correct water/foam application technique • Describe how gas cooling lowers neutral plane
– eg. bounce water off container sides temporarily reducing visibility
• Describe additional resourcing requirements • Describe flashover and the dangers of superheated
• Describe expected time duration and reporting BA Entry gasses
Control
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate method of bouncing water (indirect attack) • Describe how water expands into steam and the
onto seat of fire mechanism that assists in suppressant
• Describe how this technique could be applied in fires in
local environment
17
Docks
Container Fire: Indirect Attack Vertical
Scenario Description
This is a fire in a shipping container
that can only be attacked indirectly via
the container ceiling. The trainee must
bounce suppressant off the ceiling and
use steam to extinguish the fire.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct method of bouncing water (indirect • Describe how water expands into steam and the
attack) onto seat of fire mechanism that assists in suppressant
• Describe how this technique could be applied in fires in
local environment
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate command and control of a large and • Demonstrate correct radio calls
complex environment • Describe multi agency considerations
• Demonstrate approach and 360º size-up • Describe risk of further structural failure
• Demonstrate correct hose handling and suppressant • Describe possible further resources
choice
• Provide dynamic risk assessment
18
Docks
Gantry Crane Fire
Scenario Description
A fire has ignited in the hoisting motor
at the top of a gantry crane and has
spread to the surrounding walkway
and down the wire ropes leading to the
hook. The trainee must ascend to the
top of the crane and smother the fire.
It can be assumed that the power has
already been disconnected.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate safe approach • Demonstrate radio calls
• Demonstrate 360º size up • Describe local procedures (working at heights)
• Demonstrate working at heights procedures • Describe risks and exposures
• Demonstrate hose handling and fire suppressant • Describe potential for catastrophic failure
techniques
19
Exurb
Grassfire
Scenario Description
Residential neighbourhood with rural/
urban interface. A grassfire is spreading
at the rear of the property. Enables a
first on scene crew member to do a
360º size-up of the property, isolating
services, determining plan of attack
and correct and safe approach to the
fire area.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe isolation of services (gas electricity)
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Expected time duration and reporting to command
• Discuss appropriate extinguishing medium • Discuss service isolation
• Demonstrate and discuss word-back and situation • Demonstrate and discuss what to look for in a 360º
reporting size-up
• Demonstrate correct water application technique
• Describe additional resourcing requirements
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct application of water in a fog • Describe correct approach procedure for a hazardous
pattern material and characteristics of gas
• Demonstrate correct approach and correct method of • Further resources required to isolate the release
flushing gas from wastewater system • Potential evacuation, importance of wind speed and
• Correct 360º size-up procedure direction
• Correct Radio calls • Describe potential risks
20
Exurb
Backhoe Ignites Gas Line
Scenario Description
A backhoe working on a housing
construction site has ruptured a gas
line pipe which has subsequently
ignited into a large gas fire. This fire
has engulfed the backhoe and is
threatening to spread to the building
site and construction materials. The
trainee must protect the construction
materials and control the spread of
the fire until the gas is switched off, at
which point the main gas fire can be
extinguished.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct application of water in a fog • Describe the characteristics of gas
pattern • Describe further resources required to isolate the release
• Demonstrate correct approach and correct method of • Ascertain potential evacuation
flushing gas from waste water system • Identify importance of wind speed and direction
• Demonstrate correct 360º size-up procedure • Successfully identify potential risks
• Demonstrate correct radio calls • Identify risk of hydraulic cylinder explosion
• Demonstrate hose handling
• Demonstrate isolation of exposures
• Describe correct approach procedure for a hazardous
material
Bonfire
Scenario Description
The trainee attends what initially looks
from a distance like a vacant lot fire but
is in fact residents hosting a bonfire. This
is a 360º size-up scenario where trainees
must follow procedure until they realize
the exact nature of the threat.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate safe approach • Describe awareness of local bylaws around fires on
• Demonstrate discussion with public public land
• Demonstrate radio calls • Describe risks
• Demonstrate correct extinguishing techniques • Describe further resources
21
Frigate
NH90 Helicopter Crash - Hangar Fire
Scenario Description
A NH90 helicopter has crashed on
a frigate deck with the resulting fire
threatening the hangar bay.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage, and • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
extinguishing medium • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation safety procedure
reporting
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Demonstrate and describe aircraft approach procedures
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Demonstrate correct cooling procedures
• Describe foam usage, secondary damage, and • Describe additional resourcing requirements
extinguishing medium • Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Describe aircraft shutdown and armaments/decoy
reporting safety procedure
• Demonstrate correct smothering technique
22
Highrise
Bedroom Fire
Scenario Description
A multi-story apartment building with
a firefighter starting in the 11th floor
stairwell. Firefighters are then tasked to
climb to the 13th floor, open the door
and find apartment 4. A fire is in one
of the bedrooms. During the scenario
should the compartment be conducive
to flashover, the flashover inject will
highlight and the instructor can trigger
a flashover at a point of their choosing.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe neutral plane appreciation
• Demonstrate correct hose handling techniques • Describe how gas cooling lowers neutral plane
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium temporarily reducing visibility
• Demonstrate correct water application technique – e.g., • Describe flashover and the dangers of superheated
pencilling trainer gasses
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Describe isolation of services (gas/electricity)
reporting • Describe dangers of multi-story dwellings (falling tiles and
• Describe additional resourcing requirements basements), internal layouts, construction techniques
• Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control • Demonstrate and describe dangers of multi-story
dwellings - door opening/entry techniques
23
Highrise
Living Room Fire Ventilation Controlled
Scenario Description
A multi-story apartment building with
a firefighter starting in the 11th floor
stairwell. Firefighters are then tasked to
climb to the 13th floor, open the door
and find apartment 4.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe neutral plane appreciation
• Demonstrate correct hose handling techniques • Describe how gas cooling lowers neutral plane
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium temporarily reducing visibility
• Demonstrate correct water application technique – e.g., • Describe flashover and the dangers of superheated
pencilling trainer gasses
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Describe isolation of services (gas/electricity)
reporting • Describe dangers of multi-story dwellings (falling tiles and
• Describe additional resourcing requirements basements), internal layouts, construction techniques
• Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control • Demonstrate and describe dangers of multi-story
dwellings - door opening/entry techniques
24
Highway
Hazmat 360º Size-Up
Scenario Description
The trainee is presented with a road
accident rescue that involves several
chemical drums and a casualty. This
is a passive scenario that allows the
trainee to experience this confronting
event.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate and describe safe approach • Assess if snatch rescue necessary
• Demonstrate and describe dynamic risk assessment • Complete hazmat scenario/paperwork (offline)
• Demonstrate and describe decontamination procedures
MVA Fire
Scenario Description
Crew is presented with a three-vehicle
accident (nose to tail). A sedan, electric
vehicle and fuel tanker are all involved
with the fire spreading from the first
vehicle towards the tanker. Smoke is
dark and it is windy. All three vehicles
will ignite if left long enough, making it
difficult to extinguish.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Demonstrate and describe difference in electric vehicle/
• Discuss appropriate extinguishing medium gas/petrol
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting • car fire attack
• Demonstrate correct water application technique • Demonstrate appropriate approach and extinguishing
• Describe additional resourcing requirements technique
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Describe risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks,
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment gas shocks/struts and magnesium construction
• Demonstrate and describe what to look for in a 360º • Describe prioritisation of attack
size-up
25
Highway
MVA Running Fuel Fire
Scenario Description
Crew is presented with a three-vehicle
accident (nose to tail). A sedan, electric
vehicle and fuel tanker are all involved
with the fire spreading from the first
vehicle towards the tanker. There is
running fuel on the ground that is on
fire and threatening exposures. All three
vehicles will ignite if left long enough,
making it difficult to extinguish.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Demonstrate and describe difference in electric vehicle/
• Discuss appropriate extinguishing medium gas/petrol
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting • Car fire attack
• Demonstrate correct water application technique • Demonstrate appropriate approach and extinguishing
• Describe additional resourcing requirements technique
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Describe risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks,
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment gas shocks/struts and magnesium construction
• Demonstrate and describe what to look for in a 360º • Describe prioritisation of attack
size-up
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Demonstrate and describe difference in electric vehicle/
• Discuss appropriate extinguishing medium gas/petrol
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting • Car fire attack
• Demonstrate correct water application technique • Demonstrate appropriate approach and extinguishing
• Describe additional resourcing requirements technique
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Describe risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks,
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment gas shocks/struts and magnesium construction
• Demonstrate and describe what to look for in a 360º • Describe prioritisation of attack
size-up
26
Mining
Large Haul Truck Engine Fire
Scenario Description
A fully involved engine fire on a large
haul truck in an open cut mine.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • What to look for in a 360º size-up
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Truck fire attack
• Word-back and situation report training • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Correct water application technique • Risks due to batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks, gas
• Resourcing requirements shocks and magnesium construction
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Prioritisation of attack
• Dynamic risk assessment
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • What to look for in a 360º size-up
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Truck fire attack
• Word-back and situation report training • Safe personal approach and the dangers of approaching
• Correct water application technique a large pressurised tire on fire.
• Resourcing requirements • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Risks due to batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks, gas shocks
• Dynamic risk assessment and magnesium construction
• Prioritisation of attack
27
Mining
Running Fuel Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a pipe
that is on fire in a mines fuel farm. The
pipe has ruptured and is a pressure fed
fuel fire. There is running fuel on the
ground that is on fire.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct hose handling techniques and • Describe expected time duration and reporting to
provide dynamic risk assessment command
• Demonstrate correct water application technique and • What to look for in a 360º size-up
positioning • Describe prioritisation of attack (particularly exposures
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting which may present a far greater risk than the existing
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium and fire)
additional resourcing requirements
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Car fire attack
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Safe personal approach and the dangers of approaching
• Word-back and situation report training a large pressurised tire on fire.
• Correct water application technique • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Resourcing requirements • Risks due to batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks, gas shocks
• Expected time duration and reporting to command and magnesium construction
• Dynamic risk assessment • Prioritisation of attack
• What to look for in a 360º size-up • Possibility of running fuel fire due to petrol/gas leak from
plastic tank
28
National Parks
Cabin Structure Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a
log and stone cabin that is on fire. The
fire can be seen from the beginning of
the scenario and spreads rapidly.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct hose handling technique • Describe neutral plane appreciation
• Provide dynamic risk assessment • Describe how gas cooling lowers neutral plane
• Demonstrate correct water application technique and temporarily, reducing visibility
positioning • Describe flashover and the dangers of superheated
• Demonstrate word back and situation reporting gasses
• Describe equipment and PPE necessary and additional • Describe isolation of services (gas/electricity), door
resourcing requirements opening entry techniques and risks posed by guns and
• Describe water usage, secondary damage and ammo
extinguishing medium
• Expected time duration and reporting to BA Entry Control
RV Exterior Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with an
engine fire in a campervan/RV. The
entire exterior front-end of the
campervan/RV is on fire.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe expected time duration and reporting to
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment command
• Successfully demonstrate correct water application • What to look for a 360º size-up
technique and positioning • Risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks, gas shocks
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting and magnesium construction
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium • Prioritisation of attack
• Describe additional resourcing requirements
29
Naval
Galley Fire
Scenario Description
A firefighter approaches a fat fire in the
tight confines of a naval ship galley.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • What to look for in a 360º size-up
• Word-back and situation report training • Dangers of electrical attack if not isolated
• Correct water application technique • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Resourcing requirements • Prioritisation of attack
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Ventilation Learning Outcomes
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • What to look for in a 360º size-up
• Word-back and situation report training • Dangers of electrical attack if not isolated
• Correct water application technique • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Resourcing requirements • Prioritisation of attack
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Ventilation
30
Naval
Sleeping Compartment Fire
Scenario Description
A fire in the tight confines of a naval
ship sleeping compartment A fire starts
in a bunk bed.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • What to look for in a 360º size-up
• Word-back and situation report training • Dangers of electrical attack if not isolated
• Correct water application technique • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Resourcing requirements • Prioritisation of attack
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Ventilation
31
Petrol Station
Bulk Storage - Propane/LPG BLEVE
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with an
LPG/Propane BLEVE tank on fire at the
right-hand side of the fuel/gas station.
LPG/Propane gas bullet is impinged
and there is pressure fed fuel on fire.
The correct procedure to prevent both
BLEVE and dangerous gas leakage is to
extinguish all fires other than the gas
plume fire, and to then sweep water
across the gas bullet to cool it, focusing
more on the bottom half as the bullet
empties.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Describe expected time duration and reporting to
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment command
• Demonstrate correct medium application technique and • What to look for a 360º size-up
positioning • Risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks, gas shocks
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting and and magnesium components
describe safe approach
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium and
additional resourcing requirements.
Car Fire
Scenario Description
The trainee is presented with a fire
near the fuel/gas pump.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Describe expected time duration and reporting to
• Dynamic risk assessment command
• Correct medium application technique & positioning • What to look for a 360º size-up
• Word-back and situation reporting • Risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks, gas shocks
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium and and magnesium components
additional resourcing requirements • Prioritisation of attack
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Petrol Station
Car Running Fuel Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a
fire near the fuel/gas pump. A car
is on fire, and running fuel is also
alight.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques • Demonstrate and describe difference in electric vehicle/
• Discuss appropriate extinguishing medium gas/petrol car fire attack
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting • Demonstrate appropriate approach and extinguishing
• Demonstrate correct water application technique technique
• Describe additional resourcing requirements • Describe risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks,
• Expected time duration and reporting to command gas shocks/struts and magnesium construction
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe prioritisation of attack
• Demonstrate and describe what to look for in a 360º
size-up
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate command and control of a large and • Demonstrate correct radio calls
complex environment • Describe multi agency considerations
• Demonstrate approach and 360º size-up • Describe risk of further structural failure
• Demonstrate correct hose handling and suppressant • Describe possible further resources
choice • Assessment of exposures
• Provide dynamic risk assessment
• Dangers of parapet constructions
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Refinery
Refinery: Burst Pipe Running Fuel Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a
pipe that is on fire in a refinery.
The pipe has ruptured and is a
pressure fed fuel fire. There is
running fuel on the ground that is
on fire.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct hose handling techniques and • Describe expected time duration and reporting to
provide dynamic risk assessment command
• Demonstrate correct water application technique and • What to look for in a 360º size-up
positioning • Describe prioritisation of attack (particularly exposures
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting which may present a far greater risk than the existing
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium and fire)
additional resourcing requirements
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Residential
BBQ Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a fire
at night in the terrace outside house
number 48. Smoke can be seen from
the street. A propane/LPG cylinder is
on fire in the house’s terrace area. Fire
spreads rapidly to the entertaining area
adjacent to the structure. After a short
time, the entire terrace is on fire.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques, dynamic risk • Describe additional resourcing requirements
assessment • Describe water usage, secondary damage and
• Demonstrate correct water application technique and extinguishing medium
positioning • Describe Isolation of services (gas/electricity)
• Successfully demonstrate word-back and situation
reporting
• Describe equipment and PPE necessary
Bedroom Fire
Scenario Description
The trainee starts at the font of the
house and must navigate upstairs. A
fire has started in a bedroom on the
second floor. There are still occupants
on the premises. During the scenario
should the compartment be conducive
to flashover, the flashover inject will
highlight and the instructor can trigger
a flashover at a point of their choosing.
The instructor may also use injects to
make any occupant shout out.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate dynamic risk assessment • Describe neutral plane appreciation
• Demonstrate correct hose handling techniques • Describe how gas cooling lowers neutral plane
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium temporarily reducing visibility
• Demonstrate correct water application technique – e.g. • Describe flashover and the dangers of superheated
pencilling trainer gasses
• Demonstrate and describe word-back and situation • Describe isolation of services (gas/electricity)
reporting • Demonstrate and describe dangers of multi-story
• Describe additional resourcing requirements dwellings - door opening/entry techniques
• Expected time duration and reporting BA Entry Control • Demonstrate and describe occupant rescue procedures
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Residential
Bedroom Fire Ventilation Controlled
Scenario Description
The trainee starts at the font of the
house and must navigate upstairs.
A fire has started in a bedroom on
the second floor and is ventilation
controlled. There are still occupants
on the premises. Door entry for the
fire compartment is available via inject
for this scenario should the trainee
request it. If the trainee enters the fire
compartment without executing door
entry procedures, the compartment
will immediately flashover. During the
scenario should the compartment be
conducive to flashover, the flashover
inject will highlight and the instructor
can trigger a flashover at a point of their
choosing. The instructor may also use
injects to make any occupant shout
out.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques, dynamic risk assessment, • Expected time duration and BA Entry Control
correct water application technique, positioning, word- • Neutral plane appreciation
back and situation reporting. • How gas cooling lowers neutral plane temporarily
• Equipment and PPE requirements reducing visibility
• Additional resourcing requirements • Flashover and dangers of superheated gasses
• Water usage, secondary damage and extinguishing • Isolation of services (gas/electricity)
medium • Dangers of multi-story dwellings – door opening/entry
• Ventilation techniques
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Residential
Garage Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a
house fire at number 48. Smoke
can be seen from outside the
garage. The garage can be entered by
multiple paths. The fire spreads rapidly,
and a smoke layer builds up quickly.
After a short time, gasses start to burn.
Door entry (normal doors) is available
via inject for this scenario should the
trainee request it. During the scenario
should the compartment be conducive
to flashover, the flashover inject will
highlight and the instructor can trigger a
flashover at a point of their choosing.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques, dynamic risk assessment, • Expected time duration and BA Entry Control
correct water application technique, positioning, word- • Neutral plane appreciation
back and situation reporting. • How gas cooling lowers neutral plane temporarily
• Equipment and PPE requirements reducing visibility
• Additional resourcing requirements • Flashover and dangers of superheated gasses
• Water usage, secondary damage and extinguishing • Isolation of services (gas/electricity)
medium • Dangers of multi-story dwellings – door opening/entry
• Ventilation techniques
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Residential
Kitchen Fire
Scenario Description
A kitchen fire started from a fat
fire spread into cabinetry. Smoky
environment with the possibility of
flashover/fully involved fire. Deep seated
fire ideally used to train pencilling
techniques and directing stream at
the seat of the fire.During the scenario
should the compartment be conducive
to flashover, the flashover inject will
highlight and the instructor can trigger
a flashover at a point of their choosing.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Neutral plane appreciation
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Creation of gas during gas cooling lowers neutral plane
• Word-back and situation report training temporarily reducing visibility
• Correct water application technique - pencilling trainer • Flashover and the dangers of superheated gasses
• Resourcing requirements • Discussion on the isolation of services (gas electricity)
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Dangers of multi-story dwellings - falling roof tiles,
• Dynamic risk assessment basements, construction techniques
360º Size-Up
Scenario Description
Residential neighbourhood with a
wheelie bin / trash receptacle fire in the
driveway of a multi-story home and a
casualty in the rear yard. Possibility of
fire spread to house. Enables a first on
scene crew member to do a 360º size-
up of the property, isolating services and
determining plan of attack. This scenario
is less about the fire and more about
potential exposures, risks, and planning.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Discussion on the isolation of services (gas, electricity)
• Word-back and situation report training • Dangers of multi-story dwellings - falling roof tiles,
• Correct water application technique basements, construction techniques
• Resourcing requirements • Service isolation
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • What to look for in a 360º size-up
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Rural
Grass Fire
Scenario Description
A wildfire approaching a machinery
shed and house in a rural property
(Australian Setting). Fire has random
propagation - sometimes it progresses
quickly and sometimes it self-
extinguishes.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Priority of asset protection
• Word-back and situation report training • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Correct water application technique • Prioritisation of attack
• Resourcing requirements • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Discuss water availability
Backhoe Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a
backhoe on fire on a farm.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Priority of asset protection
• Word-back and situation report training • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Correct water application technique • Prioritisation of attack
• Resourcing requirements • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Expected time duration and reporting to command
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Rural
Hay Shed Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a hay
pile on fire in a farm setting. Fire and
smoke can be seen by the firefighter
on approach. There is an LPG/propane
tank behind the shed. BLEVE is possible
and it is possible for the shed/barn to
collapse. The fire fighter only needs to
extinguish the fire, threatening the gas
bullet, as opposed to cooling the bullet.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct hose handling techniques and • Describe isolation of services (gas)
provide dynamic risk assessment • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate correct water application technique and • 360º size-up
correct positioning • Describe word-back and situation reporting
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting • Discuss water availability
• Describe equipment and PPE necessary and appropriate
extinguishing medium
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Rural - USA
Backhoe Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a
backhoe on fire on a farm. The fire
can be seen by the firefighter on
approach. The backhoe’s engine is
on fire and it is spreading.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate hose handling techniques and provide • Describe appropriate extinguishing medium and
dynamic risk assessment additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate correct water/foam application technique • 360º size-up
and positioning • Describe word-back and situation reporting
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting
• Describe equipment and PPE necessary
Barn Fire
Scenario Description
The firefighter is presented with a
hay pile on fire in a barn on a farm.
Fire and smoke can be seen by the
firefighter on approach. There is an
LPG/propane tank behind the barn.
BLEVE is possible and it is possible
for the barn wall to collapse. The fire
fighter only needs to extinguish the
fire threatening the gas bullet in this
scenario, as opposed to cooling the
bullet.
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate correct hose handling techniques and • Describe isolation of services (gas)
provide dynamic risk assessment • Describe additional resourcing requirements
• Demonstrate correct water application technique and • 360º size-up
correct positioning • Describe word-back and situation reporting
• Demonstrate word-back and situation reporting
• Describe equipment and PPE necessary and appropriate
extinguishing medium
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Rural - USA
Wildfire
Scenario Description
A wildfire approaching a farm and
house in a rural property (USA setting).
Fire has random propagation and
sometimes progresses quickly and will
threaten the house if not contained.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Dynamic risk assessment
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Priority of asset protection
• Word-back and situation report training • Approach and extinguishing technique
• Correct water application technique • Prioritisation of attack
• Resourcing requirements • Safe anchor points and protection from radiant heat
• Expected time duration and reporting to command • Discuss water availability
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Urban - USA
New York - Electric Vehicle Fire
Scenario Description
An electric vehicle has been involved
in a collision in a New York street. The
fire fighter must knock down the fire
as normal, do a size-up to ascertain
that they are dealing with an electric
vehicle, and then cool the battery
correctly to avoid flare ups. White
smoke will emit from random hot
spots on the battery. When sufficient
hot spots have been cooled the
scenario will be deemed completed.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Risks posed by batteries, fuel cells, gas tanks, gas shocks
• Dynamic risk assessment and magnesium components
• Correct medium application technique & positioning • Prioritisation of attack
• Word-back and situation reporting • Understanding the risks of Lithium batteries
• Describe appropriate extinguishing medium and • Render safe of electric vehicles
additional resourcing requirements • Exposure concerns of venting gasses from electric
• Describe expected time duration and reporting to vehicles
command • Vehicle stabilisation and priority of attack
• What to look for in a 360º size-up
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Warehouse
Power Pole Top Fire
Scenario Description
Crew is presented with a power pole
top fire, which if ignored will result in
line collapse and subsequent spot
fires. Trainees can fight the fire by
lobbing suppressant from above
or via a pulsed direct stream. An
uninterrupted direct stream will result
in electrocution.
Learning Outcomes
• Hose handling techniques • Priority of asset protection
• Discussion on extinguishing medium • Approach and extinguishing technique
• What to look for in a 360º size-up • Prioritisation of attack
• Risks posed by live electricity • Word-back and situation report training
• Prioritisation of attack • Correct water application technique
• Dynamic risk assessment
Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate command and control of a large and • Describe multi agency considerations
complex environment • Describe risk of further structural failure
• Demonstrate approach and 360º size-up • Describe possible further resources
• Demonstrate correct hose handling and suppressant • Describe tilt-slab construction technique appliance
choice sighting
• Provide dynamic risk assessment
• Dangers of tilt construction wall buildings
• Demonstrate correct radio calls
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FLAIM’s Intellectual Property
FLAIM Systems intellectual property protection
extends to patents, trademarks, copyright VR
content and proprietary software. Proprietary
software includes hardware abstraction layer
system software, breathing apparatus data
capture, virtual fire, smoke and water behaviour
and heat suit proximity tracking.
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