GRAMMAR REVIEW 13.

PREPOSITIONS 2
PART 1. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACES AND TIME.
Prepositions used with verbs of motion (come, go, run, etc) show the
Movement direction of the movement:
- Jack ran out of the room. Sue moved towards the door.
Other examples: to, into, across, around, along, up, down, past
Prepositions can show position.
- Ted was sitting next to Janet.
- The bank is opposite the cinema.
Position and place Other examples:
before, below, beside, in front of, near, on top of, under
Prepositions can show place.
- I live in France/ Sue lives on an island/ John is at school.
• Prepositions are also used in time expressions.
Other uses • Prepositions cover a wide range of other meanings.
- This book is about Napoleon.
- I can't drink tea with/without sugar.
• To and at
With verbs of motion to means in the direction of. At is not used with
verbs of motion. It is used to say where someone or something is. We went
to the cinema. We arrived at the cinema.
• Next to and near
Next to means very close, with nothing in between. It is the same as
Problems of use beside. Near means only a short distance from, which can be a matter of
opinion.
- Peter always sits next to Mary.
- I live near the sea, it's only ten miles away.
• Above and over
Both words mean in a higher position than, but over suggests
closeness or touching.
- There was a plane high above them.
- Put this blanket over you.
There may be little difference in some contexts.
- There was something written above/over the door.
• In and at: places
In refers to towns, countries and the 'inside' of places.
- She lives in Paris/ They arrived in Peru/ He's in the kitchen.
At refers to points with a particular purpose rather than inside.
- She lives at home/ I'll meet you at the bus stop. Compare:
- They met in the cinema. (inside)
- They met at the cinema. (place)
• Prepositions at the end of a sentence:
Study these common examples:
- Who are you waiting for? (question)
- You are very difficult to live with! (infinitive)
- That's the company that I work for. (relative clause)
Prepositions Some prepositions can be used without an object.
without an object - Ted was walking along, whistling.
In this example we mean along the street, but it is clear from the context or
 unimportant.
Other prepositions used like this are: around, along, behind, opposite
Prepositions with Examples: according to, on behalf of, by means of
more than one Other examples are included in the Practice section.
word
Prepositional There are many fixed phrases containing prepositions.
phrases Examples: by mistake, on purpose, out of order
Other examples are included in the Practice section.

PRACTICE
I. Underline the most suitable prepositions.
1. I got at/to the station just in time to see Jack getting from/off'the train.
2.The cafe is among/between the chemist's and the butcher's and across/opposite the library.
3. Sue lives at/in Wales, which is a country at/in the west of Britain.
4. I was brought up in/on an island near/next to the coast of Scotland.
5. Travelling by/in your own car is better than going by/on foot.
6. Jack was leaning by/against the wall with his hands in/into his pockets.
7. Ann had a hat on/over her head and a veil above/over her face.
8. We arrived at/in England at/in Gatwick Airport.
9. I left my bags at/from the station at/in a left luggage locker.
10. Peter came running into/to the room and threw his books at/onto the floor.
II. Complete the text with the following prepositions.
Between during following for from in near of (x2) on than to
near
The Battle of Hastings (1066) was fought (1) ......................... on
Hastings (2) .................... the south coast
of between of
(3) .................... England (4) .................... William the Conqueror, Duke (5) ................ Normandy, and
the English King Harold. The French invaders defeated the English forces (6) ................. the battle, during
in
(7) .................... Following
which King Harold was killed. (8) ...................... the battle, the victorious Duke
for
became King William and ruled England (9) ....................... more (10) .....................than twenty years, (11)
from to
............... 1066 (12) ..................... 1087.
III. Add one pair of prepositions to each sentence.
As well as/ including because of/ in the place of
on top of/ round regarding/ together with
A. I talked to a woman in the student office (1) .................... regarding your application and she said you had to
together with the application for or it wouldn’t be processed.
send a cheque for $5 (2) ..........................
B. A supply teacher is one who is employed (3) .......................
in the place of a regular teacher who is not working
because of
(4) ......................... illness, or some other temporary situation.
on top of
C. (5) .................... Nelson’s column in the middle of Trafalgar Square is a statue of Lord Nelson and
round
(6) ...................... the base of the column are four bronze lions.
including
D. Newsagents usually sell a lot of other things, (7) ..................... as well as
cigarettes and sweets, (8) .................
newspapers and magazines.
IV. Add these prepositions to the text.
Above at below in (x3) on (x2) over under
in
A memorable trip for me was when I visited a friend (1) .............. Canada during the winter. I was
twelve and it was the first time I had seen real snow. One weekend we went to a wilderness camp
in
and slept (2) .............. a small wooden cabin. The temperature stayed (3) ............... below zero degree the
on
whole time. My friend and his father went ice-skating (4) ..................... a frozen lake, but not me. It
was so cold that I couldn’t go outside without feeling that I was going to freeze to death. I just got
under
(5) ................. over
a pile of blankets and pulled a large quilt (6) .................... me to try to keep me warm. I
remember trying to read a book, but the hand that was holding the book (7) ................ above my head
would turn to ice very quickly. I spent a lot of that trip just lying (8) ............. in my bed, staring (9)
at on
.................. the patterns of white ice (10) ................ the window panes.
V. Complete the descriptions with these nouns and prepositions.
Bagpipes harmonica along into (x2) over to
Bowling leap-fog from out of through towards
bagpipes
A. When you play (1) ................., you blow air (2) ................... into a bag held under your arm and then
out of
force the air (3) ................ into
the bag and (4) .................... pipe to produce sounds.
leap-fog over
B. When you play (5) ..............., you jump (6) ............. the back of someone else who is bending down.
bowlig
C. (7) .................... is a game in which you roll heavy balls (8) ............... along towards a
a special track (9) ................
them
group of pins, trying to knock tem down.
D. You hold a (10) harmonica through
...................... near your mouth and blow (11) ................. it while moving it (12)
to
................ side (13) ................. side.
from
VI. Complete the text with these prepositions.
Before (x2) during for in on since until (x2)
The American Civil War began (1) .............. on until
April 12th, 1861, and lasted (2) ................... April 9th, 1865.
(3) ................
for four years, the industrialized Northern states fought the more agricultural Southern
Before
states over the issues of slavery and states’ rights. (4) ................ the war, the economy of the
Southern states depended on slave labour and, it was argued, each state should have the right to
manage its own affairs without interference from the central government. Opposition to slavery had
existed in the Northern States (5) ................. since before
(6) ................. in
the country’s independence (7) .....................
until
1776, but it wasn’t (8) ..................... during
1863, (9) ................... the Civil War, that the Emancipation
Proclaim, making slavery illegal, was issued by President Lincoln.
VII. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase from the box.

1. I think I'd rather have coffee ..... instead of ..... tea.

regardless
2. of
.................the danger, Paul ran back into the burning house.
in case of
3. ................ fire, smash the glass and push the button.
in favour of=approve
4. Personally, I am .......... banning cigarette smoking completely!
on behalf ofeveryone who was rescued.
5. I would like to thank you, ................
apart fromyou, no-one else knows that I have escaped.
6. ...............
as for
7. ......................... Steve, he believes that we should stay where we are.
by means of a ladder he found.
8. Jim managed to climb into the house .....................
because of the rain, the match was postponed.
9. ...................
according to
10. ......................... the timetable, the next train isn't for two hours.
VIII. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase from the box.

1. Police officers don't have to wear uniform when they are ......off...... duty.
at times I consider giving up work. = sometimes
2. I feel very tired ........
in
3. The children were all upset, and some were .............. tears. =cry
out
4. This factory needs modernising. Everything here is .............of date.=old/old-fashioned
under control.
5. Don't worry, everything is ..........
by
6. Sorry, I seem to have taken the wrong umbrella ............ mistake.
without
7. Please hurry. We need these documents ............... delay.
on
8. That wasn't an accident! You did it ............. purpose.
to
9. We thought the two films were very similar .............. each other.
for
10. We decided to take a holiday in Wales ............... a change.
IX. Underline the most suitable phrase in each sentence.
 by chance=by accident=accidentally
1. I can't disturb John now. He's at bed/in bed. take sb by surprise=make sb surprised
2. Tony always arrives exactly in time/on time for his lesson.
3. Two pounds for each ticket, that makes £12 in all/with all.
4. I can't pick that last apple. It's out of hand/out of reach.
5. Joe and I met on the plane completely by chance/by surprise.
6. The children spend most of their time out of doors/out of place. =outdoor
7. I'm sorry but Jane isn't here at present/at a time.
8. How can Sam love Lucy? They have nothing in common/in general.
9. They should be here soon. They are in the way/on the way.
10. Terry isn't here. He's away in business/on business.
X. Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box.
breath
break fail impression secret strike cost return stock
1. This is important. You must catch the two men at all ....costs ....
impression
2. I was under the .......... that you enjoyed working here.
fail
3. Please hand .................... your work in on Tuesday, without without fail=certainly
strike
4. We can't go by train. The train-drivers are on ....................
secret
5. Martin is supposed to have given up smoking, but he smokes in .................
6. I'm afraid we don't have your size, we are out of .....................
stock
7. If I give you the information, what will you give me in .................
return ?
breath
8. I ran for the bus, and now I'm out of .....................
XI. Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box.

1. Harry managed to sell his house at a profit.

2. What was he doing here all by himself
........... ?
public
3. Larry is so famous that he doesn't appear in ............... very often.
practice
4. That was a terrible shot! I'm rather out of .................
average every week?
5. How many cars do you sell, on ..............,
sight
6. The police are coming! Stay out of ............. until they leave.
whole
7. I suppose I enjoyed my holiday on the ................
detail
8. Can you tell me about the plans in .................?
XII. Complete each sentence with a suitable phrase from the box.

1. When I sat on the pencil, it broke ....in two.... halves.

without a doubt
2. This is ............ the best washing machine on the market.
3. Graham has beenout of workever since he came to London.
..............
4. I know her by sight , but I don't know her name.
............
5. The lifeguard dived in to save a swimmer .............. in difficulties
6. John learned his first speech ...................
by heart
in pain
7. You could tell he was ............ because he kept groaning.
8. Cigarettes and ice cream are on sale in the foyer.
..........
XIII. Complete each sentence with one of the phrases from the box.

1. Jim's excuse was that he was acting ....... under orders ....... from his boss.
2. Things have changed from
................, no-one leaves before 5.00.
out of danger
3. Thank goodness. All the passengers are now ...............
 in person
4. The President would like to meet you and thank you ..................
out of tune
5. Your violin sounds awful! I think it's ...................
at any rate
6. It's a warm country. We won't need our pullovers, ...................
in private
7. Excuse me, but I'd like to have a word with you ....................
out of order = be broken
8. You can't use the phone. It's .......................
XIV. Look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which
should not be there. Tick each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, write
the word in the space.
The psychology of accidents

Most people are under the impression that ..................√..............

doing something by a mistake is quite different .............. a...............
from doing something on purpose. In the fact, the
1. .............................
according to by some psychologists, many by
2. .............................
accidents do not, on the whole, really happen v
3. .............................
to by chance. There may be good reasons for to
4. .............................
actions which seem to be accidental. For an an
5. .............................
example, someone who fails to arrive on time 6. .............................
v
as for a meeting at work may be worried about as
7. .............................
his or her job, or be in with difficulties at home. be
8. .............................
In other words, there are often good reasons for v
9. .............................
behaviour which seems at the first to be the
10. .............................
accidental. Of this course, some people are this
11. .............................
involved in more accidents than others. These v
12. .............................
people are called 'accident prone'. In the general the
13. .............................
they either suffer from stress, or could have in in
14. .............................
a physical illness without knowing about it. v
15. .............................

__THE END__