Contemporary Art Forms and

Their Practices
EXPECTATION
After going through this lesson, you are expected
to:

• Describes various contemporary art forms and their

practices from the various regions. CAR11/12IAC-
0a-1
ACTIVITY: T-CHART
Review the word listed in columns A and B in the
T-chart. Compare the two sets and answer the
processing questions.
Column A Column B
Expression Marketing
Beauty Advertising
Emotions Franchise
Processing Questions:
1. What did you notice in the combined words in
column A and column B?

2. What do you think is why words come together

in one set? Explain.
Philippine Art History
Pre- Colonial / Ethnic Arts
Forms are primarily influenced by the
geographical location and experiences of the
Filipinos. Ethnic arts in Philippines are labors of
love and patience. And are for ritual purposes
that marked significant moment in community's
life like planting, harvesting, rites of passage,
funerary ceremonies,weddings and others.
DANCE
Mayvanuvanua
ritual forthe start of
the fishing season in
Batanes.
Cañao/kanyaw is a prestigious
feast for religious and/or
agricultural significance found in
the Cordillera Autonomous Region
officiated by a shaman or mumbaki
"sayer of prayer" ritual for healing/
offering
Kashawing ritual ensures
abundance during rice planting and
harvesting in Lake Lanao in
Mindanao is still observed and
performed. It involves reenactment
of the pact made by the ancestors
and the unseen spirits that inhabit
the lake.
Pagdiwata ritual, held to celebrate
various occasions including
bountiful harvests and weddings of
the ethnic group in Palawan, the
Tagbanwa.
Pangalay is a native dance of
Badjao or the Sea Gypsies of Sulu
Archipelago is mimetic movements
of seabirds commonly performed
at weddings and other social
gatherings.
Kinabua a Mandaya’s tribal dance
that portrays the hawk’s use of
sweet songs to lure out the hen
and the chicks that made for meal.
Banog-banog is a dance of
Higaonon and B’laan communities
that portrays hunters protecting
their chickens from the hungry
hawks. This is usually performed by
healed patients of the babaylan on
special occasions.
Man-manok is dance performed by
Bagobo tribe of Mindanao that
imitate the movements of
predatory birds.
Talip dance of the Ifugaos is used in
courtship and is mimetic of the
movements of wild fowls
Inamong by Tigwahanon
Manaobos of Bukidnon is an ethnic
dance performed during the
harvest time mimicking a pair of
flirting monkeys. Thus, inamong
means “monkey-like” or “simian
antics” and this is being
accompanied by indigenous
musical instrument gongs and
guimba.
Kadaliwas a T’bolis dance that
represents a comedic movements
of monkeys romping around
covered with dried banana leaves
and langkang baluang of Tausug.
Tinikling, a popular Tagalog folk
dance is expressive movements of
the crance, balancing itself on stilt-
like legs or flitting away from the
clutches of bamboo traps.
 MUSIC

Kudyapi is a two stringed

longnecked lute common in
Mindanao and Palawan that is
made from wood.
Kulintang an array of bossed gongs
that is found and played among
Maguindanaons.
Gansa or gangsa is an indigenous
bamboo percussion instruments
found in the mountain region of
Cordillera of particular ethnic group
of Kalinga, Ifugao, Bontoc and etc.
Agong or Agung is a large bossed
gong usually hung either on a
sturdy tree branch.
CARVING/TERRACOTTA AND POTTERY MAKING

Bul’ul is regarded by people of

Cordillera as a granary god that
plays an important role in rituals
that also appears in containers,
bowls and spoons.
Hagabi is a wooden bench that
marks the socioeconomic status of
the owner
Manunggul Jar Burial jar excavated
from a Neolithic burial site in
Manunggul cave of Tabon Caves at
Lipuun Point at Palawan dating
from 890– 710 B.C. Glazed with
reddidsh hematite and incised with
curvilinear designs. It has two
anthropomorphic human forms
atop the lid: a boat man paddling
to transport his deceased charge,
whose journey through the water
interpreted to the travel afterlife.
Maitum Jar Earthenware pot
produced during the Metal Age (5
BC-225 AD) found in Ayub Cave in
Pinol, Maitum Saranggani Province.
Some of the designs on the pottery
were similar to those found in
southwestern Mindanao but the
detailed facial expression is unique.
The making of these earthenware
depicting human figures and faces
indicates a high level of
craftsmanship.
Palayok, banga and tapayan are
other forms of pottery used for
cooking, fermenting food and
keeping liquids.
Pagbuburnay In Vigan, this is a
tradition that thrives and currently
valued in Ilocos as part of its
creative industry.
 WEAVING / ORNAMENTATION / BAYBAYIN

Pis siyabit a headpiece woven by

the Tausug of Sulu made from
cotton or silk with intricate
geometric patterns of colors into
the smallest, triangles and
diamonds.
Baluy Mats made from pandan
leaves from the colorful weaves of
Jolo Sulu. The leaves were dyed
with one or more color and weaved
with different patterns
characterized by linearity and
geometry.
Malong is a large wrap round
tubular garment "ginayan" or
"tabih" among the Bagobo and
B'laan, the "tadjung" among the
Sama and Tausug, the "gampek"
among the Subanun, and the
"linaog" among the Mandaya, used
by the Maranaos and
Maguindanaos from the Sothern
Philippines.
Langkit is a traditional Maranao
weave made with a backstrap loom
with disctinctive okir or geometric
and flowing designs and folk motifs
of Maranao.
Tepo mat /Sama mat colorful
double layered mat of the Sama of
TawiTawi that is made from pandan
leaves traditionally used as sleeping
mat, a gift for newlyweds and for
imams for the recitation if prayers.
Yuvuk In Itbayat, Batanes, a woven
cone shape ovaloid baskets made
from nito and bamboo are being
used as a head sling to carry
harvests.
Tattooing is widely practiced during
precolonial art for the purpose of
ornamentation and rite of passage
which was well-known in Visayas
“pintados” and tribes of Northern
Luzon.
Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD)
Duyong Cave, Palawan a kind of ear
pendant fashioned from green
nephrite (jade) is the characteristic
trait of the Early Metal Age. One of
the finest jade ornaments found to
date is the double- headed pendant
recovered from Duyong Cave,
Palawan. It is an example of the
superb craftsmanship of ancient
carving in jade.
Baybayin is an ancient Philippine
script that was continued to be used
by our ancestors until the Spanish
colonization.
Lotoan A betel nut box of various
shapes, made of brass and bronze by
the Maranao of Lanao del Sur
Kendi A vessel used for pouring
liquids.
Agono Petroglyphs are oldest known
work of art in the Philippines located
in the province of Rizal. There are 127
human and animal figures engraved
on the rock wall probably carved
during the late.
Gadur was used in ceremonies and
cherished as status symbols or as
heirloom pieces.
Islamic arts
Islamic arts place emphasis on creating an art
form that is built on the beauty and respect for
the teachings of Islam. It is characterized by
designs of flowers, plant forms, geometric designs
and the absence of human form. It is also
influenced by the notion of Tawhid.
Okir / ukkil is an artistic cultural
heritage of the Maranaos. It is a
design or pattern often curved in
hardwood, brass, silver and wall
painting in curvilinear lines and
geometric figures. It is commonly
found in Tausug and Sama houses,
traditional boats, weapons, sunduk /
gravemarkers, musical instruments
and in textiles.
Mosque is an English word that
means “house of worship”. The word
evolved from the Arabic masjid
means of place prostration. It has
mihrab or niche and Qibla wall. On
this picture is the oldest mosque in
Philippines Sheik Karim Al Makdum
located at Simunul, TawiTawi.
Torogan is a traditional
house built by Maranao
people and a high social
status symbol. Panolong is a
unique and most distinct
part of torogan.
Sarimanok is a legendary bird
that is a symbol of Maranao
art. It is depicted as a fowl
with wings and feathered tail,
holding a fish on its beak or
talons. The head is profusely
decorated with scroll, leaf, and
spiral motifs.
Spanish Colonial Arts
Furniture and wood carvings
Gothic Art inspired church,
San Sebastian Recolletos in
Manila.
Damian Domingo y Gabor was
the first Filipino to paint his
face, the first self-portrait in
the Philippines. He established
the Academia de Dibujo y
Pintura, the first drawing in the
Philippines in 1821
Juan Luna y Novicio was a
Filipino painter, sculptor and a
political activist of the
Philippine Revolution during
the late 19th century. His
Spoliarium won the gold
medal in the 1884 Madrid
Exposition of Fine Arts.
Dominicans published the La
Doctrina Christiana en la
Lengua Española y Tagala (The
Christian Doctrine in the
Spanish and Tagalog
Language), first book printed in
the country in 1593
Felix Resureccion Hidalgo who
became the first international
Filipino artists when they won
the gold and silver medals in
the 1884 Madrid Exposition
along with Juan Luna. He won
the silver medal for Virgenes
christianas expuestas al
populacho or Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Public.
Spanish Colonial Arts
The American brought education and value formation
following American way of life. Art illusion,
advertising and commercial arts were integrated and
gained popularity. Filipino artists started to look for
his identity. Neoclassicism greatly influenced the
Philippine architecture. Painting themes favored
genre paintings, landscapes and still life. Portraits are
for high ranking officials.
Fabian dela Rosa (1869 –
1937) was the first painter of
note for the 20th century. He
was noted for his realistic
portraits, genre, and
landscapes in subdued colors.
He was enrolled at the Escuela
de Bellas Artes y Dibujo.
Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto
(1892 – 1972) captured the
attention of public and buyers
through his bursting with yellow-
orange and golden sunlight
paintings. He also designed for
commercial product, “Markang
Demonyo” for Ginebra San
Miguel an alcoholic local drink
and awarded as the first National
Artist in 1972.
Guillermo Tolentino (1890-
1976) is considered as Father
of Philippine Arts. His works
were Bonifacio Monument and
Oblation in the University of
the Philippines and was
awarded as National Artist in
1973.
Japanese Colonial Arts
Artists managed to produce artworks based on
the atrocities brought by the war. Indigenous arts
and traditions were given preference and
emphasis. The arrival of the Japanese caused
tremendous fear, hardships and suffering among
the Filipinos. The Filipino way of life was greatly
affected during the Japanese period.
The Filipinos lost their freedom of speech and
expression. The development of art was also
stopped. Filipinos greatly feared the "zoning".
There were Filipinos spies hired by the Japanese
to point those who were suspected of being part
of the guerilla movement. The Japanese made
some changes in the system of education.
Under their rule, the Japanese imposed their own
music on the country. Japanese music was heard
daily in radio broadcasts. Their songs were also
taught in public schools. Students, however, never
took these songs to heart.
In response to the Japanese propaganda, Filipino
painters reacted by producing the following
works: “A Day Begins” by Vicente Alvarez Dizon,
1942, genre scenes that seem neutral. Yet there
were still many artists who portrayed the
atrocities of war in their collections such as “Rape
and Massacre in Ermita” by Diosdado Lorenzo.
Modern Arts in the Philippines
The art community sprang back to life. Various
themes and styles were explored and pioneered
by Filipino artists who gained experience abroad.
National identity was the main theme of various
art forms. New forms of expression came which
were avant-garde in nature.
Modern era in Philippine Art began after World War 2
and the granting of Independence. Writers and artists
posed the question of national identity as the main
theme of various art forms. Modern art is
characterized by the artist's intent to portray a subject
as it exists in the world, according to his or her unique
perspective and is typified by a rejection of accepted
or traditional styles and values.
Contemporary Arts in the Philippines
Arts became expression of just, free and sovereign
society. It mirrors the society and culture of present
times. It uses combination of different methods,
materials and ideas. The work of contemporary
artists is a dynamic combination of materials,
methods, concepts, and subjects that challenges
traditional boundaries and defies easy definition.
Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art is
distinguished by the very lack of a uniform
organizing principle, ideology, or -ism.
Our Terms" 2003, installation dimensions’ variable.
Jazzy, 2014 Xyza Cruza Bacani