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Pressure Vessel

A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure different from ambient pressure. Pressure vessels can be dangerous and their design, manufacture, and operation are regulated by engineering authorities through legislation due to fatal accidents. Construction involves parameters like maximum pressure and safety testing using methods like ultrasonic testing and hydrostatic pressure tests. Nozzles, flanges, gaskets, lifting lugs, and earthing lugs are components used in pressure vessels. Skirts are supports used in vertical pressure vessels that do not take load from internal fluid pressure.

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135 views4 pages

Pressure Vessel

A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure different from ambient pressure. Pressure vessels can be dangerous and their design, manufacture, and operation are regulated by engineering authorities through legislation due to fatal accidents. Construction involves parameters like maximum pressure and safety testing using methods like ultrasonic testing and hydrostatic pressure tests. Nozzles, flanges, gaskets, lifting lugs, and earthing lugs are components used in pressure vessels. Skirts are supports used in vertical pressure vessels that do not take load from internal fluid pressure.

Uploaded by

Deaz Ambrs
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRESSURE VESSEL

A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially


different from the ambient pressure.

Construction methods and materials may be chosen to suit the pressure application, and will depend
on the size of the vessel, the contents, working pressure, mass constraints, and the number of items
required.

Pressure vessels can be dangerous, and fatal accidents have occurred in the history of their
development and operation. Consequently, pressure vessel design, manufacture, and operation are
regulated by engineering authorities backed by legislation. For these reasons, the definition of a
pressure vessel varies from country to country.

Design involves parameters such as maximum safe operating pressure and temperature, safety
factor, corrosion allowance and minimum design temperature (for brittle fracture). Construction is
tested using nondestructive testing, such as ultrasonic testing, radiography, and pressure tests.
Hydrostatic pressure tests usually use water, but pneumatic tests use air or another gas. Hydrostatic
testing is preferred, because it is a safer method, as much less energy is released if a fracture occurs
during the test (water does not greatly increase its volume when rapid depressurization occurs,
unlike gases, which expand explosively). Mass or batch production products will often have a
representative sample tested to destruction in controlled conditions for quality assurance. Pressure
relief devices may be fitted if the overall safety of the system is sufficiently enhanced.
A flange is a protruded ridge, lip or rim, either external or internal, that serves to increase strength
(as the flange of an iron beam such as an I-beam or a T-beam); for easy attachment/transfer of
contact force with another object (as the flange on the end of a pipe, steam cylinder, etc., or on the
lens mount of a camera); or for stabilizing and guiding the movements of a machine or its parts (as
the inside flange of a rail car or tram wheel, which keep the wheels from running off the rails). The
term "flange" is also used for a kind of tool used to form flanges

A pressure vessel nozzle is an opening in the pressure vessel through which fluid enters or exits the
pressure vessel. The Nozzle, in general, projects from the pressure vessel's surface and ends with a
means of joining (flanged or welded) piping or equipment

A Gasket is an elastomeric component that covers the intersection between two surfaces. They are
usually manufactured from a variety of materials, including rubber, cork or paper, metal, copper,
and foam. This flexible element can be used for a broad scope of purposes due to its functionality.
These include anti-vibration, packaging, hygiene, noise and sound reduction, and most
importantly, its most common use, sealing.
A Lifting lug is a plate with a hole in it. As the term specifies, lifting lugs are used for lifting. The hole
is sized to fit a clevis pin. Using lifting lugs combined with the clevis pins, loads are transferred from
one mechanical component to another. For mechanical static equipment (Fig. 1), these lifting lugs
are used by cranes for transportation and installation.

An earthing lug is essentially a component attached to the object of interest which allows one to
easily connect a grounding cable.

Vortex Breaker
Skirts are the supports used in vertical pressure vessels. They do not take any load from the pressure
of fluid inside the vessel, but only the weight of vessel + fluid inside and the environmental loads
(e.g. wind and seismic loads). Skirts serve as a cheap design for support of taller pressure vessels.

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