Length Conversion Factors

1 kilometer (km)  –  1000 meters (m) = 0.62137 miles

1 meter (m)  – 100 centimeter (cm)

1 centimeter (cm)  = 0.001 m = 0.3937 in.

1 micron (μ) –  10-6 m

1 inch = 25.4 mm = 2.54 cm = 0.0254 m 

1 inch =  0.08333 ft = 0.02778 yard = 1.578×10 -5 millie = 0.25 hand 

1 foot (ft)  – 30.48 cm

1 mile = 1.6093 km = 1609.3 m = 63346 inch

1 mile =  5280 ft = 1760 yard

1 meter  –  39.37 in.

1 kilometer  –  0.6214 mile

1 Ångstrom = 1 Å = 10-10 m = 1×10-8 cm = 1×10-4 μm 

1 Ångstrom = 0.0001 micron = 0.1 mμ = 3.937×10 -9 inch

1 yard = 3 ft = 36 inch  

1 yard = 0.9144 m = 5.682×10-4 mile

1  millimete (mm )= 10-3 m  = 0.03937 in = 1000 micron

Volume Conversion Factors

1 liter (l) –  1000cm3

1 liter (l) –  61.02 in3 

1 liter (l) – 0.03532 ft3

1 cubic meter (m3) –  35.32 ft3

1 cubic meter (m3) –  1000 l 

1 cubic foot (ft3) –  7.481 U.S.gal

1 cubic foot (ft3) – 0.02832 m3

1 cubic foot (ft3)  – 28.32 l

1 U.S. gallon (gal) – 231 in3

1 U.S. gallon (gal) – 3.785 l

1 British gallon – 1.201 U.S.gallon 

1 British gallon –  277.4 in3

1 cm3 = 0.061 in3

Velocity  Conversion Factors

1 m/sec = 3.28 Ft/sec = 2.24 m/hr

1 m/sec = 3.6 km/hr = 196.9 Ft/min

1 km/ hr  = 0.91 Ft/sec = 0.62 m/hr

1 km/ hr = 0.278 m/sec = 54.68  Ft/min

1 ft / sec = 60 Ft/hr = 0.0341 m/hr

1 ft / sec = 0.305 m/sec = 1.097 km/hr

1 Yd/min = 3 Ft/min = 0.05 Ft/sec = 0.0341 m/hr

1 Yd/min = 0.0152 m/sec = 0.0549 km/hr

1 m/hr = 0.45 m/sec = 1.609 km/hr

1 m/hr = 1.47 Ft/sec = 88Ft/min

Acceleration Conversion Factors

1 standard gravity  = 9.80665 m/sec2 = 32.17405 ft/sec2 = 386.1 in/sec2 

1 ft/sec2 = 0.3048 m/sec2 = 30.48 cm/sec2

1 m/sec2 = 3.28084 ft/sec2 = 100 cm/sec2 = 39.37 inch/sec2

 Density  Conversion Factors

1 gm/cm3 = 1 gm/ml = 1000gm/lt = 3785.41 gm/gal

1 gm/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 = 0.036127 lb/in3 = 62.428 lb/ft3

1 kg / m3 = 0.001 gm/cm3 = 3.7854 gm/gal

1 kg / m3 = 0.062428 lb/ft3 =0.350507 lb/bbl

1 lb/in3 = 27.6799 gm/cm3 = 27679.9 kg/cm3

1 lb/in3 = 1728 lb/ft3 = 104779.8 gm/gal

1 gm/ft3 = 0.016018 gm/ml (or) gm/cm3 = 16.01846 kg/m3

1 gm/ft3 = 0.000579 lb/in3 = 0.133681 lb/ gal

Power Conversion Factors

1.0 watt  =  1.0 joule/second = 3.413 Btu/hr
1.0 kilowatt (kW) = 3413 Btu/hr = 1.341 horsepower

1.0 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.6 MJ = 3413 Btu

1.0 horsepower (hp) = 550 foot-pounds per second = 42.39055 btu/min. = 2544.433
Btu/hr

1.0 horsepower (hp) = 745.7 watts = 0.746 kW = = 178.23 Cal/sec = 10693.8

Cal/min.

1 Btu/hr = 0.000393 hp = 0.01666 Btu/min. = 0.000293 kW = 0.293 Watt (or)

joule/sec

1 Btu/min. = 0.02359 hp = 60.0236 Btu/hr = 0.017591 kW = 17.5912 Watt (or)

joule/sec

 Energy Conversion Factors

1.0 joule (J) = one Newton applied over a distance of one meter = 1 kg m 2/s2

1.0 calorie = 4.187 J

1.0 joule = 0.239 calories (cal)

1.0 gigajoule (GJ)  = 278 kWh

 1.0 British thermal unit (Btu) = 1055 joules (1.055 kJ)

1000 Btu/US gallon = 0.279 megajoules per liter

1000 Btu/lb = 2.33 gigajoules per tonne (GJ/t)

 Pressure Conversion Factors

1 atmosphere  = 29.9213 in Hg = 760mm of Hg = 14.696 PSI or lb/in 2

1 atmosphere  = 1.01295 bar = 1.03325 kg/cm2  = 1.01295 x 105  N/m2  

1 bar = 0.9872 atmosphere = 29.54 in Hg = 1.02 kg/cm 2

1 bar =1000mbar =14.50 PSI = 750.2838 mm Hg =  1 x 105 Pa or N/m2

1 in Hg = 3.342 x 10-2 atmosphere  = 3.385 x 10-2  bar = 13.598 in water

1 in Hg = 3385 Pa or N/m2 = 0.4912 psi or lb/in2  = 3.4532 x 10-2 kg/cm2 

1 kg/cm2  = 0.9678 atmosphere  = 0.9804 bar

1 kg/cm2  = 28.958 in Hg  = 393.76 in. water

1 kg/cm2  = 9.804 x 104 Pa or N/m2 = 14.223 psi or lb/in2

1 Pa or N/m2  =  1.020 x 10-5  kg/cm2  = 2.954 x 10-4 in. Hg

1 Pa or N/m2  =  0.01 mbar = 1x  10-5 bar = 1.4508 x 10-4 psi or lb/in2 

1 psi or lb/in2  =  0.068046 atmosphere  = 0.068948 bar

1 psi or lb/in2  = 7.0309 x 10-2  kg/cm2  = 2.036 in. Hg

1 psi or lb/in2  = 6.8927 x 103 Pa or N/m2   = 51.71 torr or mm Hg

1 mm Hg = 1.3158 x 10-3 atmosphere  = 1.3328 x 10-3 bar

1 mm Hg = 1.3328 mbar = 1.3328 x 10-3 bar

1 mm Hg = 133.28 Pa or N/m2  = 1.934 x 10-2 psi or lb/in2 

Specific Volume Conversion Factors

1 m3/kg = 1000 lt /kg = 16.02 ft3/lb = 27680 inch3/lb 

1 m3/kg  = 119.8 gal(US)/lb = 99.7764 gal(UK)/lb

1 liter /kg = 0.01602 ft3/lb = 27.7 inch3/lb  = 0.001 m3/kg

1 liter /kg  = 0.12 gal(US)/lb 

1 inch3/lb = 0.00058 ft3/lb = 0.0043 gal(US)/lb = 0.036 liter/kg = 3.6 x 10 -5 m3/kg

1 ft3/lb  = 7.4805 gal(US)/lb = 6.22884  gal(UK)/lb

1 ft3/lb = 1728 inch3/lb   = 62.43 liter/kg = 0.062 m3/kg

1 gal(UK)/lb = 1.2010 gal(US)/lb 

1 gal(US)/lb = 0.83267 gal(UK)/lb

Force and Torque Conversion Factors

1 Pound ( lb) = 4.448 Newtons ( N)

1 dyne  = 1×10-5 N  = 1 gm. cm/s2

1  Newtons ( N) = 1 kg m /s2 = 0.2248 1 Pound ( lb) = 105 dyne

1 newton – meter ( N – m) = 0.7376 Pound – feet ( lb – ft)

1 newton – meter ( N – m) =8.851 Pound – inches ( lb – in)

1  Pound – inches ( lb – in) = 0.0833 Pound – feet ( lb – ft)

1  Pound – inches ( lb – in) = 0.007062 newton – meter ( N – m)

1 Pound – feet ( lb – ft) = 12 Pound – inches ( lb – in)

1 Pound – feet ( lb – ft) = 1.356   newton – meter ( N – m)

 Dynamic Viscosity Conversion Factors

1 centipoise = 1 gm / cm . Sec

1 centipoise = 0.01 poise = 0.001 Pa . Sec

1 centipoise = 2.4191 lb/ ft .hr = 0.000672 lb / ft .sec

1 centipoise = 1 gm / cm . Sec = 3.6 kg /m .hr

1 Poise = 100 centipoise = 0.1 pa .sec

1 poise = 241.909 lb/ ft .hr = 0.067197 lb / ft .sec

1 poise = 100 gm / cm . Sec = 360 kg /m .hr

1 Pa .sec  = 10 poise =   2419.088 lb/ ft .hr = 0.67197 lb / ft .sec

1 Pa . Sec  = 1000 gm / cm . Sec = 3600 kg /m .hr

1 lb/ ft .hr = 0.413379 centipoise = 0.000413 Pa. sec = 1.488 kg/ m.hr

1 lb/ ft .sec  = 1488.164 centipoise = 14.88164 poise =1.488164 Pa. sec = 5357.39
kg/ m.hr

1 kg /m .hr = 0.277778 centipoise = 0.671969 lb / ft. hr = 0.000187 lb / ft .sec

Kinematic Viscosity Conversion Factors

1 stoke = 1 cm2 / sec

1 centistoke = 0.01 stoke = 1.08 x 10 -5 ft2 /sec = 0.03875 ft2 /hr = 10-7 m2/sec =

0.0036 m2 /hr

1 stoke = 100 centistoke = 1.076 x 10 -3 ft2 /sec = 3.875 ft2 /hr = 10-4 m2/sec = 0.36

m2 /hr

1 ft2 /sec = 929.0304 stoke = 3600 ft2 /hr = 0.092903 m2/sec = 334.451 m2 /hr

1 ft2 /sec = 0.258064 stoke = 2.78 x 10-4 ft2 /sec =2.58 x 10-5 m2/sec = 0.092903 m2 /hr

1 m2/sec = 10000 stoke = 10.76391 ft 2/sec = 38750.08 ft2 /hr = 3600 m2 /hr

1 m2/ hr  = 2.7777 stoke = 10.7639 ft2/hr = 0.0029899 ft2 /hr = 2.77 x 10-4 m2 /sec

 Mass Flowrate Conversion Factors

1 kg /sec = 2.204622 lb /sec = 132.2774 lb /min. = 7936.64 lb/hr

1 kg /sec = 59.999 kg/ min. = 3600 kg/hr.

1 lb/sec = 60 lb/min. = 0.453592 kg/ sec = 27.21554 kg/min. = 1632.933 kg/hr

1 lb/min. = 0.16667 lb /sec = 1440 lb/day = 0.00756 kg/sec = 0.453592 kg/min.

Heat Transfer Coefficient Conversion Factors

 1 watt /m2 /oC = 1 watt/m2/oK

1 Kcal/ hr/ m2/oC = 0.204816 Btu / hr/ ft2 /oF = 2.78 x 10-5 cal/sec/cm2/oC

1 Kcal/ hr/ m2/oC =0.000116 watt/cm2 /oC = 1.163 watt/m2/oC

1 Btu / hr/ ft2 /oF =0.000136 cal/sec/cm2/oC = 4.8824 Kcal/ hr/ m2/oC

1Btu/hr/ft2/oF = 0.000568 watt/cm2 /oC = 5.678 watt/m2/oC

1 Watt / m2/oC = 0.17611 Btu / hr/ ft2 /oF = 2.39 x 10-5 cal/sec/cm2/oC

1 watt / m2 /oC = 0.859845 Kcal/ hr/ m2/oC  = 0.0001 watt /cm2/oC

Thermal Conductivity Conversion Factors

1 Kcal /hr/m/oC = 0.671969 Btu/hr/ft/oF = 0.002778 cal/sec/cm/oC

1 Kcal /hr/m/oC = 0.01163 Watt /cm/oC = 1.163 watt/m/oC

1 Btu/hr/ft/oF = 4.134 x 10-3 cal/sec/cm/oC = 1.488 Kcal/hr/m/oC

1 Btu/hr/ft/oF =  0.0173 watt/cm/oC = 1.73 watt/m/oC

1 Watt / m/oC = 0.5777 Btu / hr/ ft /oF = 2.39 x 10-3 cal/sec/cm/oC

1 watt / m/oC = 0.859845 Kcal/ hr/ m/oC  = 0.01 watt /cm /oC

1 Watt /cm /oC =57.778  Btu / hr/ ft /oF = 0.23884 cal/sec/cm/oC

1 watt / cm /oC = 85.9845 Kcal/ hr/ m/oC  = 100 watt / m /oC

 Heat Flux Conversion Factors

1 Kcal/ hr/ m2 = 0.368669 Btu / hr/ ft2 = 2.78 x 10-5 cal/sec/cm2

1 Kcal/ hr/ m2 =0.000116 watt/cm2  = 1.163 watt/m2

1 Btu / hr/ ft2  = 7.5346 x 10-5 cal/sec/cm2/oC = 2.71246  Kcal/ hr/ m2

1Btu/hr/ft2 = 3.154 x 10 -4 watt/cm2  = 3.1546  watt/m2

1 Watt / m2 = 0.31699  Btu / hr/ ft2  = 2.39 x 10-5 cal/sec/cm2

1 watt / m2 = 0.859845 Kcal/ hr/ m2  = 0.0001 watt /cm2

Specific Energy Conversion Factors

1 cal/kg = 0.0018 Btu /lb = 0.001 cal /gm

1 cal/kg = 0.004187 joule /gm = 4.1868 joule /kg

1 Joule /kg = 4.299 x 10-4 Btu/lb = 2.388 x 10-4 cal/gm

1 Joule /kg = 0.001 joule /gm = 0.23884 cal/kg

1 Btu /lb = 0.5555 cal/gm = 555.55 cal/kg

1 Btu/ lb = 2.326 joule /gm = 2326 joule /kg

 Specific Heat Conversion Factors

1 cal / gm /oC = 1 Btu/ lb/ oF

1 cal /kg /oC = 0.001 Btu/ lb/ oF = 4.1868 joule/ kg/oC  = 0.004187 joule/  gm/ oC
1 joule/ kg/ oC = 2.388 x 10-4 Btu /lb /oF =  0.2388 cal /kg/oC = 0.001 joule/ gm/ oC

1 Btu/ lb/ oF =  1000 cal /kg/oC = 4186.8 joule /kg/oC

Temperature Conversion Formulas

Degrees Fahrenheit – F

Degrees  Celsius – C

Degrees  Rankin – R

Degrees  Kelvin – K

 C = 5/9 (F – 32 )

F =  (9/5)C + 32

R = F + 459.69

K = C + 273.16

Frequency
1Hz ( hertz) =  1 cps ( cycle/second )

Angular Distance Conversion Factors

1 Degree = 60 minutes = 3600 Seconds = 0.07145 Radians

 Stress Conversion Factors

1 N/m2 = 1 Pa = 10-6 N/mm2 = 1.4504×10-4 lb/in2

1 psi (lb/in2) = 144 psf (lb/ft2)

1 psi (lb/in2)  = 6894.8 Pa (N/m2) = 6.895×10-3 N/mm2

 Sound pressure level

1 bel = 1.15129 neper

1 decibel =  0.11529 neper

1 neper  = 8.68589 decibel

0.02 pascal = 60 decibel

Rotation Conversion Factors

1 deg/min = 0.043 Hz = 0.01745 rad/min = 1.047 rad/h = 0.002778 rpm = 4 
revolutions/day

1 Hz = 1  revolutions /second = 1 cycle/second = 60 rpm = 2π radians/second

1 Hz  = 6.28 radians/second = 22619 radians/hour = 360 degree/sec

1 revolutions/ second  = 1 Hz = 1 cycle/second  = 60 rpm = 360 deg/s

1  radians/hour  = 4.42×10-5 Hz = 2.65×10-3 rpm = 0.9549 deg/min

1 radians/second  =  0.159 cycle/second  = 9.549 rpm = 57.30 deg/sec

Concentrations
1 milligram/Liter  – 1 PPM (part per million)
1 microgram/Liter – 1 PPB (part per billion)
1 nanogram/Liter – 1 PPT (part per trillion)

Numbering System
Prefix Symbol Numerically   Name

Tera T 1 000 000 000 000 1012 Trilion

Giga
G 1 000 000 000  109 billion

Mega M 1 000 000  106 million

Kilo k 1 000  103 Thousand

Hecto h 1 00 102 Hundred

Centi c 0.01  10-2 hundredth

Milli m 0.001  10-3 thousandth

Micro μ 0.000 001  10-6 millionth

Nano n 0.000 000 001  10-9 billionth

Pico p 0.000 000 000 001 10-12 billion