The document discusses two relationships:
1) Between knowledge of election outcomes and voter turnout. Reformers believe that early media declarations of winners depresses turnout in areas where polls are still open by making people feel their vote doesn't matter.
2) Between support for major vs minor political parties. The ideology or issues emphasized by each party may influence whether voters support a major or minor party candidate. People are more likely to support parties that align with their own ideological or issue priorities.
The document discusses two relationships:
1) Between knowledge of election outcomes and voter turnout. Reformers believe that early media declarations of winners depresses turnout in areas where polls are still open by making people feel their vote doesn't matter.
2) Between support for major vs minor political parties. The ideology or issues emphasized by each party may influence whether voters support a major or minor party candidate. People are more likely to support parties that align with their own ideological or issue priorities.
The document discusses two relationships:
1) Between knowledge of election outcomes and voter turnout. Reformers believe that early media declarations of winners depresses turnout in areas where polls are still open by making people feel their vote doesn't matter.
2) Between support for major vs minor political parties. The ideology or issues emphasized by each party may influence whether voters support a major or minor party candidate. People are more likely to support parties that align with their own ideological or issue priorities.
The document discusses two relationships:
1) Between knowledge of election outcomes and voter turnout. Reformers believe that early media declarations of winners depresses turnout in areas where polls are still open by making people feel their vote doesn't matter.
2) Between support for major vs minor political parties. The ideology or issues emphasized by each party may influence whether voters support a major or minor party candidate. People are more likely to support parties that align with their own ideological or issue priorities.
Student’s Name: Almar Anthony O. Camcam Date: 11/06/2022
Quarter: Midterm
1. The "early call" declaring a winner before all the polls have closed is a controversial staple of the media's election night coverage. Convinced that "projections of the winner in key states may depress voter turnout on the West Coast if it appears that the election is or will be decided before polls close in the West," many reformers advocate measures that would require all polls to close at the same time.23 These proposed reforms are based on the idea that the media's early declarations depress turnout in areas where the polls are still open.
A. Think about the relationship between an independent variable, whether or not
people have knowledge of an election's predicted outcome (they either "know" or they "don't know" the predicted outcome) and a dependent variable (they either "voted" or they "did not vote"). The reformers' idea links one value of the independent variable, "know the predicted outcome," with one value of the dependent variable, "did not vote." For the reformers' idea to qualify as an acceptable explanation, what else must it describe?
Answer: To establish any possible relationship, a qualitative measurement of
whether there is any dependency between the two variables is needed. The fact that the sampling was conducted without any biases must be recognized. To determine if there is indeed a dependency or not, a hypothesis test can be carried out within such a sample.
B. Suppose you believe that knowledge of an election's predicted outcome is
causally linked to turnout. Why might differences in knowledge of the outcome cause differences in turnout? Write a paragraph describing the causal linkages between these two variables. Be sure to describe the tendency of the relationship.
Answer: Voters might turn up in less numbers if they already know the results. If we try to observe this, If the outcome has already been decided, the voter will feel that there is no point in casting a ballot because his/her one vote won't make a difference. This would be particularly applicable to voters who support the candidate who is predicted to lose when the early voting results were announced. Knowing the probable outcome might influence the dependent variable if they will vote or not. C. Using proper form, state a testable hypothesis for the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
Answer: Ho= Proportion of voters who selected to cast a ballot despite being aware of the early voting results. Ha= Proportion of voters who selected not to cast a ballot despite being aware of the early voting results.
2. Third-party candidates are something of a puzzle for students of electoral
behavior. In presidential elections, most voters cast their ballots for one of the major- party candidates, but many voters support candidates of minor parties, such as the Reform Party (which grew out of Ross Perot's candidacy in 1992), the Green Party (which nominated Ralph Nader in 2000), the Constitution Party, the Libertarian Party, or the Natural Law Party, to name a few.24 What causes some people to vote for a major-party candidate and some voters to vote for a minor party candidate? Voters can be measured by one of two values on this dependent variable: major-party voter and minor-party voter.
A. Think up a plausible independent variable that may explain differences
between voters on the dependent variable. Write a paragraph describing an explanation for why some voters support the major parties' candidates and some support the minor parties' candidates. Make sure you connect the causal variable to the dependent variable and be sure to describe the tendency of the relationship.
The "ideology" of the political parties is the independent variable that explains the difference in voters' responses to the dependent variables. The ideology of political parties is created in order to influence public opinion and gain support from people. Some parties may have the ideology to promote educational fundings, while other party have the ideology to address problems of the society, and so on. Depending on their various ideologies, and people will choose the party of their choice. This will result a vote for the majority party or vote for the minor party based on the ideology it expresses as its agenda.
B. Using proper form, state a testable hypothesis for the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable.
Null Hypothesis: The selection of party is independent of the ideology expressed by
the party. Alternative Hypothesis: ideology expressed by the party influences the voting preference of the public.
