Chapter 6
Ratios and Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
Example 1
Determine whether each of the following angles is in quadrant I, II, III or IV.
(a) 80° (b) 97°
(c) 300° (d) 223°
Example 2
Determine the corresponding reference angle of each of the following angles.
(a) 32° (b) 145°
(c) 256° (d) 298°
Example 3
Each of the following diagrams shows a unit circle with an angle 𝜃.
(a)
Find (i) sin 𝜃 (ii) cos 𝜃
(b)
Find (i) cos 𝜃 (ii) tan 𝜃
(c)
Find (i) sin 𝜃 (ii) tan 𝜃
Example 4
Each of the following diagrams shows a unit circle with an angle 𝜃.
(a)
Find (i) sin 𝜃
(ii) cos 𝜃
(iii) tan 𝜃
(b)
Find (i) sin 𝜃
(ii) cos 𝜃
(iii) tan 𝜃
Example 5
By using a calculator, find each of the following values. Express the answer correct to four significant figures.
(a) sin 50
Example 6
Given that sin 53° = 0.7986, cos 53° = 0.6018 and tan 53° = 1.327, find each of the following values without using
a calculator.
(a) sin 307°
(b) cos 127°
(c) tan 233°
Example 7
Find each of the following values using the corresponding reference angle.
(a) sin 245°
(b) cos 312°
(c) tan 103°
SPM TIPS:
The answer of the trigonometric values in Example 7 can be checked by pressing a calculator directly.
Example 8
Find each of the following values by using the corresponding reference angle.
(a) sin 342°48’
(b) cos 145°25’
(c) tan 246°16’
Example 9
Find each of the following values without using a calculator
(a) sin 120° (b) cos 225°
(c) tan 330°
Example 10
Evaluate each of the following without using a calculator.
(a) 4 sin 210° + 10 cos 300°
(b) 9 tan 225° − 8 sin 330°
(c) 2 cos 180° + 4 tan 135°
Example 11
Find the value of 𝜃 for each of the following for 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°.
(a) sin 𝜃 = 0.7547
(b) cos 𝜃 = −0.9563
(c) tan 𝜃 = −11.43
SPM TIPS:
The corresponding reference angle is an acute angle such that one of the arms of the angle is the x-axis.
Example 12
Find the value of 𝜃 for each of the following for 0° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360° without using a calculator.
1 3
(a) sin 𝜃 = − (b) cos 𝜃 = −
2 2
(c) tan 𝜃 = 3
Example 13
In the following diagram, PQRS and STU are straight lines. Find the value of cos 𝑥 + tan 𝑥.
Example 14
Draw the graphs 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 and 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 on the same axes for 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180°. Hence, state the differences
between the two graphs for 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 180° in terms of
(a) maximum value and minimum value,
(b) 𝑥-intercept and 𝑦-intercept.
Example 15
Describe how the graph
(a) 𝑦 = 3 sin 𝑥 is different from graph 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 for 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
(b) 𝑦 = cos 3𝑥 is different from graph 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 for 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°
Example 16
1
Sketch the graph 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 for 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360°. Hence, sketch the graph 𝑦 = cos 2𝑥 + 1 for 0° ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 360° on
2
the same axes.
Example 17
The diagram above shows a sketch of the graph 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐. Determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐.
Example 18
The diagram above shows part of graph 𝑦 = sin 𝑥. Points 𝑃 and 𝑄 are two points on the 𝑦-aixs such that 𝑄 is the
midpoint of 𝑂𝑃. It is given that 𝑄𝑅 is parallel to the 𝑥-axis. Find the coordinates of point 𝑅.
Example 19
The diagram above shows the population of an animal in a certain region in five years. It is given that the
population of the animal, 𝑃, in the region can be modelled as 𝑃 = 𝑎 sin 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, such that 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are constants
and 𝑥 represents the time in years.
(a) Find the function 𝑃.
(b) Hence, find the population of the animal in 2 nd year.
