CHAPTER – 4

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Exercise 4.1
Page No: 175

Question 1: Which of the following are quadratic equations in x?

1. x2 – x + 3 = 0

T IO S I
𝟓
2. 2x2 + x – √𝟑 = 0
NO A D 𝟐

CO N
A
3. √𝟐x2 + 7x + 5√𝟐 = 0

PY
𝟏 𝟏
4. x2 + x – 2 = 0
DO U A
𝟑 𝟓
T
ED PR

5. x2 – 3x – √𝒙 + 4 = 0
𝟔
6. x – = 3
C

𝒙
©

𝟐
7. x + = x2
𝒙
𝟏
8. 𝒙𝟐 – = 𝟓
𝒙𝟐

9. (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟑 = 𝒙𝟑 – 8
10. (2x + 3) (3x + 2) = 6(x – 1) (x – 2)
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
11. (𝒙 + ) = 𝟐 (𝒙 + ) + 3
𝒙 𝒙

Solution:
A quadratic equation is an equation of the second degree.
(i) x2 – x + 3 = 0
Highest Degree: 2
Quadratic equation.
5
(ii) 2x2 + x – √3 = 0
2

Highest Degree: 2
Quadratic equation.

(iii) √2x2 + 7x + 5√2 = 0

T IO S
Highest Degree: 2

I
NO A D
Quadratic equation.

CO N
A

PY
1 1
(iv) x2 + x – 2 = 0
DO U A
3 5
T
Above equation can be simplify as: 5x2 + 3x – 2 = 0
ED PR

Highest Degree: 2
C

Quadratic equation.
©

(v) x2 – 3x – √𝑥 + 4 = 0
Equation has a fractional power.
Not a quadratic equation.

6
(vi) x – = 3
𝑥

Simply as x2 – 3x – 6 = 0
Degree: 2
Quadratic equation.
 2
(vii) x + = x2
𝑥

Simplify above equation:

x3 – x2 – 2 = 0
Degree: 3
Not a quadratic equation.

T IO S I
1
(viii) 𝑥 2 –
NO A D 𝑥2
=5

CO N
A
Simplify above equation

PY
DO U A
x4 – 1 = 5 x2
T
or x4 - 5x2 - 1 =0
ED PR

Degree: 4
C

Not a quadratic equation.

©

(ix) (𝑥 + 2)3 = 𝑥 3 – 8
𝑥 3 + 8 + 6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 = 𝑥 3 – 8
−6𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 16 = 0
Degree = 2
A quadratic equation.

(x) (2x + 3) (3x + 2) = 6(x – 1) (x – 2)

Simplify above equation:
6𝑥 2 + 4x + 9x + 6 = 6𝑥 2 – 12x – 6x + 12
31x – 6 = 0
Degree: 1
Not a quadratic equation

1 2 1
(xi) (𝑥 + ) = 2 (𝑥 + ) + 3
𝑥 𝑥

T IO S
Simplify above equation:

I
NO A D
(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)
=
(2𝑥 2 +2)
+3

CO N
𝑥2 𝑥
A
(𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1)𝑥 = 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 2 + 2) + 3

PY
DO U A
Not a quadratic equation.
T
ED PR

Answer: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) and (ix) are only quadratic equations.
C

Question 2: Which of the following are the roots of 3x² + 2x – 1=0?

©

(i) -1
𝟏
(ii)
𝟑
−𝟏
(iii)
𝟐

Solution:
Simplify given equation:
3x² + 2x – 1 = 3x² + 3x – x – 1
= 3x (x + 1) – 1 (x + 1)
= (x + 1) (3x – 1)
To find roots, put 3x² + 2x – 1 = 0
Either, x + 1 = 0 or 3x – 1 =0
1
x = -1 or x =
3
1
Therefore, (-1) and are the required roots.
3

Question 3: (i) Find the value of k for which x = 1 is a root of the

T IO S
equation x² + kx + 3 = 0. Also, find the other root.

I
𝟑
NO A D
(ii) Find the values of 𝒂 and 6 for which x = and x = -2 are the roots

CO N
𝟒
of the equation ax² + bx – 6 = 0.
A

PY
Solution:
DO U A

(i) x = 1 is a solution of 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 3 = 0, which means it must satisfy the

T
ED PR

equation.
(1)2 + 𝑘(1) + 3 = 0
C
©

k = -4
Hence the required value of k = -4
Find other root:
We have equation, 𝑥 2 – 4x + 3 = 0
𝑥 2 – x – 3x + 3 = 0
x (x – 1) – 3 (x – 1) = 0
(x – 1) (x – 3) = 0
either x – 1 = 0 or x – 3 = 3
x = 1 or x = 3
Other root is 3.
(ii) given equation is ax² + bx – 6 = 0
3
As is its root, then must satisfy the equation
4

3 2 3
𝑎( ) + 𝑏( )– 6 = 0
4 4

9a +12b – 96 = 0 …. (1)
Again, x = -2 is its root
a (-2)2 + b (-2) – 6 = 0

T IO S
4a – 2b – 6 = 0 … (2)

I
NO A D
Solving (1) and (2), we get

CO N
A
a = 4 and b = 5

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 4: Show that x = -bc/ad is a solution of the quadratic

equation
C

𝑎𝑥 2𝑐
𝑎𝑑2 ( + ) 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑐 2 = 0
©

𝑏 𝑑

Solution:
𝑎𝑥 2𝑐
𝑎𝑑2 ( + ) 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑐 2 = 0 …… (1)
𝑏 𝑑
−𝑏𝑐
𝑥= is solution of equation (1), if it satisfies the equation.
𝑎𝑑
−𝑏𝑐 2𝑐 𝑏2 𝑐 2
𝑎𝑑2 ( + ) + 𝑏𝑐 2 = 0
𝑏𝑑 𝑑 𝑎2 𝑑 2
−𝑏𝑐𝑑+2𝑏𝑐𝑑 𝑏2 𝑐 2
( )× + 𝑏𝑐 2 = 0
𝑏𝑑2 𝑎
𝑏𝑐𝑑 𝑏2 𝑐 2
2 × + 𝑏𝑐 2 = 0
𝑏𝑑 𝑎
𝑏2 𝑐 3
+ 𝑏𝑐 2 = 0
𝑎
Which is not true.
−𝑏𝑐
So 𝑥 = is not a solution of given quadratic equation.
𝑎𝑑

Solve each of the following quadratic equations.

Question 5: (2x – 3) (3x + 1) = 0
Solution:

T IO S
(2x – 3) (3x + 1) = 0

I
Either 2x – 3 = 0 or 3x + 1 = 0
NO A D
CO N
3 −1
A
x = or x =
2 3

PY
DO U A
T
Question 6: 4x² + 5x = 0
ED PR

Solution:
C

4x2 + 5x = 0
©

Or x (4x + 5) = 0
Either x = 0 or 4x + 5 = 0, then
−5
x= or 0
4

Question 7: 3x² – 243 = 0

Solution:
3x² – 243 = 0
or x² – 81 = 0
(x)² – (9) ² = 0
(x + 9) (x – 9) = 0
Either, x + 9 = 0 or x – 9 = 0
x = -9 or 9

Question 8: 2x² + x – 6 = 0
Solution:
2×2x60

T IO S I
2 × 2  4x  3x  6  0
NO A D
CO N
2x x  2  3x  2  0
A
x  2 2x  3  0

PY
DO U A

Either x  2  0 or 2x  3  0
T
ED PR

3
x = -2 or
2
C
©

Question 9: x² + 6x + 5 = 0
Solution:
𝑥 2 + 6x + 5 = 0
𝑥 2 + x + 5x + 5 = 0
x (x + 1) + 5(x + 1) = 0
(x + 5) (x + 1) = 0
either x +5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = -5 or -1

Question 10: 9x² – 3x – 2 = 0

Solution:
9𝑥 2 – 3x – 2 = 0
9𝑥 2 – 6x + 3x – 2 = 0
3x (3x – 2) + (3x – 2) = 0
(3x +1) (3x – 2) = 0
either (3x +1) = 0 or (3x – 2) = 0
−1 2

T IO S
x= or
3 3

I
NO A D
CO N
A
Question 11: x² + 12x + 35 = 0

PY
Solution:
DO U A
T
x² + 12x + 35 = 0
ED PR

x² + 7x + 5x + 35 = 0
x (x + 7) + 5 ((x + 7) = 0
C
©

(x + 5) (x + 7) = 0
either (x + 5) = 0 or (x + 7) = 0
x = -5 or -7

Question 12: x² = 18x – 77

Solution:
𝑥 2 – 18x + 77 = 0
𝑥 2 – 7x – 11x + 77 = 0
x (x – 7) – 11(x – 7) = 0
(x – 11) (x – 7) = 0
either (x – 11) = 0 or (x – 7) = 0
x = 11 or 7

Question 13: 6x² + 11x + 3 = 0

Solution:
6𝑥 2 + 11x + 3 = 0
6𝑥 2 + 2x + 9x + 3 = 0

T IO S I
2x (3x + 1) + 3 (3x + 1) = 0
NO A D
CO N
(2x + 3) (3x + 1) = 0
A
either (2x + 3) = o or (3x + 1) = 0

PY
DO U A
−1 −3
x= or
T
3 2
ED PR

Question 14: 6x² + x – 12 = 0

C
©

Solution:
6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 12 = 0
6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 12 = 0
3𝑥 (2𝑥 + 3) − 4(2𝑥 + 3) = 0
(2𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥 − 4) = 0
−3
Either, 2𝑥 + 3 = 0, then 2𝑥 = −3 ⇒ 𝑥 =
2
4
or 3𝑥 − 4 = 0, then 3𝑥 = 4 ⇒ 𝑥 =
3
−3 4
𝑥= or
2 3

Question 15: 3x² – 2x – 1 = 0

Solution:
3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
3𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0
3𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 1(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(𝑥 − 1)(3𝑥 + 1) = 0
Either, 𝑥 − 1 = 0, then 𝑥 = 1
−1

T IO S
or 3𝑥 + 1 = 0, then 𝑥 =
3

I
−1
NO A D
𝑥 = 1 or

CO N
3
A

PY
DO U A
Question 16: 4x² – 9x = 100
T
ED PR

Solution:
4x² – 9x = 100
C

4x² – 9x – 100 = 0
©

4𝑥 2 − 25𝑥 + 16𝑥 − 100 = 0

𝑥 (4𝑥 − 25) + 4(4𝑥 − 25) = 0
(4𝑥 − 25)(𝑥 + 4) = 0
25
Either, 4𝑥 − 25 = 0, then 𝑥 =
4

or 𝑥 + 4 = 0, then 𝑥 = −4
25
𝑥 = −4 or
4

Question 17: 15x² – 28 = x

Solution:
15x2  28  x
15x2  x  28  0
15x2  21x  20x  28  0
15x2  21x  20x  28  0
3x 5x  7  4 5x  7  0
3x  45x  7  0

T IO S
3x  4  0 or 5x  7  0

I
−4 7
NO A D x=
3
or
5

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
Question 18: 4 – 11x = 3x²
T
Solution:
ED PR

4 11x  3x2
C

3x2 11x  4  0
©

3x2 12x  x  4  0
3x x  4 1x  4  0
x  43x 1  0
Either x  4  0 or 3x 1  0
1
x = -4 or
3

Question 19: 48x² – 13x – 1 = 0

Solution:
48x2 13x 1  0
 48x2 16x  3x1  0
48x2 16x  3x 1  0
16x 3x 1  1 3x 1  0
16x  1 3x  1  0
Either 16x  1  0 or 3x  1  0
−1 1
x= or
16 3

T IO S I
NO A D
Question 20: x² + 2√𝟐 x – 6 = 0

CO N
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
𝑥 2 + 2√2𝑥 − 6 = 0
T
ED PR

𝑥 2 + 3√2𝑥 − √2𝑥 − 6 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 + 3√2) − √2(𝑥 + 3√2) = 0
C
©

(𝑥 + 3√2)(𝑥 − √2) = 0

Either, (𝑥 + 3√2) = 0, then 𝑥 = −3√2

or 𝑥 − √2 = 0, then 𝑥 = √2
𝑥 = √2 or −3√2

Question 21; √𝟑 x² + 10x + 7√𝟑 = 0

Solution:
√3 x² + 10x + 7√3 = 0
√3x² + 10x + 7√3 = 0
 √3 x² + 3x + 7x + 7√3 = 0
√3 x (x + √3) + 7(x + √3) = 0
(x + √3) (√3x + 7) = 0
Either √3x + 7 = 0 or x + √3 = 0
7
x = −√3 or −
√3

T IO S
Question 22: √𝟑 x² + 11x + 6√𝟑 = 0

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
√3x² + 11x + 6√3 = 0

PY
DO U A
√3x² + 9x + 2x + 6√3 = 0
T
ED PR

√3x (x + 3√3) + 2(x + 3√3) = 0

(√3x + 2)(x + 3√3) = 0
C
©

either (√3x + 2) = 0 or (x + 3√3) = 0

−2√3
x = -3√3 or
3

Question 23: 3√𝟕 x² + 4x + √𝟕 = 0

Solution:
3√7 x² + 4x – √7 = 0
3√7 x² + 4x – √7 = 0
3√7 x² -3x + 7x – √7 = 0
3x(√7x – 1) + √7(√7x – 1) = 0
(3x + √7)( √7x – 1) = 0
either (3x + √7) = 0 or (√7x – 1) = 0
−√7 1
x= or
3 √7

Question 24: √𝟕 x² – 6x – 𝟏𝟑√𝟕 = 0

Solution:

T IO S
√7 x² – 6x – 13√7 = 0

I
NO A D
√7 x² + 7x – 13x – 13√7 = 0

CO N
A
√7 x (x + √7) – 13(x + √7) = 0

PY
DO U A

(x + √7) (√7 x – 13) = 0

T
ED PR

Either, 𝑥 + √7 = 0, then 𝑥 = −√7

or √7𝑥 − 13 = 0, then √7𝑥 = 13
C
©

13√7
𝑥 = −√7 or
7

Question 25: 4√𝟔 x² – 13x – 2√𝟔 = 0

Solution:
4√6𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 − 2√6 = 0
4√6𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 2√6 = 0
4√2𝑥(√3𝑥 − 2√2) + √3(√3𝑥 − 2√2) = 0

(√3𝑥 − 2√2)(4√2𝑥 + √3) = 0

Either, √3𝑥 − 2√2 = 0, then √3𝑥 = 2√2
 2√6
𝑥=
3

And
4√2𝑥 + √3 = 0, then 4√2𝑥 = −√3
−√6
𝑥=
8
2√2
𝑥=
√3

T IO S
2√6 −√6
𝑥= ,

I
3 8

NO A D
CO N
A
Question 26: 3x² – 2√𝟔x + 2 = 0

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

3x² – 2√6x + 2 = 0
3x² – √6x – √6x + 2 = 0
C
©

√3𝑥(√3𝑥 − √2) − √2(√3𝑥 − √2) = 0

(√3𝑥 − √2)(√3𝑥 − √2) = 0
√2
Either, √3𝑥 − √2 = 0, then 𝑥 =
√3

√2
Or √3𝑥 − √2 = 0, then 𝑥 =
√3

√2 √2
𝑥= or
√3 √3

Question 27: √𝟑 x² – 2√𝟐 x – 2√𝟑 = 0

Solution:
√3 x² – 2√2 x – 2√3 = 0
√3 x² – 3√2 x + √2 x– 2√3 = 0
√3x (x – √6) + √2(x – √6) = 0
(√3x + √2)(x – √6) = 0
either (√3x + √2) = 0 or (x – √6) = 0
√2
x = √6 or −

T IO S
√3

I
NO A D
CO N
Question 28: x² – 3√𝟓 x + 10 = 0
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A

𝑥 2 − 3√5𝑥 + 10 = 0
T
ED PR

𝑥 2 − 2√5𝑥 − √5𝑥 + 10 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 2√5) − √5(𝑥 + 2√5) = 0
C
©

(𝑥 − 2√5)(𝑥 − √5) = 0
Either 𝑥 − 2√5 = 0, then 𝑥 = 2√5
or 𝑥 − √5 = 0, then 𝑥 = √5
Hence, 𝑥 = 2√5 or √5

Question 29: x² – (√𝟑 + 1) x + √𝟑 = 0

Solution:
x² – (√3 + 1) x + √3 = 0
x² – (√3+ 1) x + √3 = 0
x² – √3x – x + √3 = 0
x (x – √3) – (x – √3) = 0
(x – 1) (x – √3) = 0
either (x – 1) = 0 or (x – √3) = 0
x = 1 or √3

T IO S
Question 30: x² + 3√𝟑 x – 30 = 0

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
x² + 3√3 x – 30 = 0

PY
DO U A
x² + 5√3 x – 2 √3 – 30 = 0
T
ED PR

x(x + 5√3) – 2√3 (x + 5√3) = 0

(x – 2√3)(x + 5√3) = 0
C

either (x – 2√3) = 0 or (x + 5√3) = 0

©

x = -5√3 or 2 √3

Question 31: √𝟐x2 + 7x + 5√𝟐 = 0

Solution:
We write,
7𝑥 = 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 as √2𝑥 2 × 5√2 = 10𝑥 2 = 5𝑥 × 2𝑥

∴ √2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 5√2 = 0
⇒ √2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 5√2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥(√2𝑥 + 5) + √2(√2𝑥 + 5) = 0

⇒ (√2𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 + √2) = 0

−5 5√2
⇒ 𝑥 + √2 = 0 or √2𝑥 + 5 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −√2 or 𝑥 = =−
√2 2
−5
Hence, the roots of the given equation are -√2 and .
√2

T IO S
Question 32: 5x2 + 13x +8 = 0

I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
We write, 13x = 5x + 8x as 5x2 × 8 = 40x2 = 5x × 8x
A
∴ 5x2 + 13x + 8 = 0

PY
DO U A

⇒ 5x2 + 5x + 8x + 8 = 0
T
ED PR

⇒5x (x + 1) + 8 (x + 1) = 0
⇒ (x + 1) (5x + 8) = 0
C
©

⇒ x + 1 = 0 or 5x + 8 = 0
8
⇒ x = -1 or x = −
5
8
Hence, -1 and − are the roots of the given equation.
5

Question 33: 𝒙𝟐 − (𝟏 + √𝟐)𝒙 + √𝟐 = 𝟎

Solution:
𝑥 2 − (1 + √2)𝑥 + √2 = 0

𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − √2𝑥 + √2 = 0
𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) − √2(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(𝑥 − √2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0

⇒ 𝑥 − √2 = 0 and 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = √2 and 𝑥 = 1

Question 34: 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

Solution:

T IO S
Given:

I
9x2 + 6x + 1 = 0
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ 9x2 + 3x + 3x + 1 = 0

PY
⇒ 3x (3x + 1) + 1 (3x + 1) = 0
DO U A
T
⇒ (3x + 1) (3x + 1) = 0
ED PR

⇒ 3x + 1 = 0 or 3x + 1 = 0
−1 −1
C

⇒x= or x =
3 3
©

−1
Hence, is the root of the equation 9x2 + 6x + 1 = 0.
3

Question 35: 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎

Solution:
We write, −20𝑥 = −10𝑥 − 10𝑥 as 100𝑥 2 × 1 = 100𝑥 2 = (−10𝑥 ) ×
(−10𝑥 )
∴ 100𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ 100𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 1 = 0
⇒ 10𝑥 (10𝑥 − 1) − 1(10𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ (10𝑥 − 1)(10𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ (10𝑥 − 1)2 = 0
⇒ 10𝑥 − 1 = 0
1
⇒𝑥=
10
1
Hence, is the repeated root of the given equation.
10

T IO S
Question 36: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙 + = 𝟎
𝟖

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
𝑥 𝑥 2 1 𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥
We write, −𝑥 = − − as 2𝑥 × = = (− ) × (− )
2 2 8 4 2 2

PY
DO U A
1
∴ 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + = 0
T 8
ED PR

𝑥 𝑥 1
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − − + = 0
2 2 8
C

1 1
⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 − ) − 12 (𝑥 − ) = 0
©

4 4
1 1
⇒ (𝑥 − ) (2𝑥 − ) = 0
4 2
1 1 1 1
⇒ 𝑥 − = 0 or 2𝑥 − = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = or 𝑥 =
4 2 4 4
1
Hence, is the repeated root of the given equation.
4

𝟏
Question 37: 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − = 𝟑
𝟑

Solution:
Given: 10𝑥 – 1𝑥 = 3
⇒ 10𝑥 2 − 1 = 3𝑥 [Multiplying both sides by x]
⇒ 10𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 – 1 = 0
⇒ 10𝑥 2 − (5𝑥 − 2𝑥 ) − 1 = 0
⇒ 10𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 5𝑥 (2𝑥 − 1) + 1(2𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ (2𝑥 − 1)(5𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 − 1 = 0 or 5𝑥 + 1 = 0
1 −1

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 = or 𝑥 =
2 5

I
1 −1
NO A D
Hence, the roots of the equation are and .

CO N
2 5
A

PY
DO U A
𝟐 𝟓
Question 38: 𝟐 − +𝟐 = 𝟎
T 𝒙 𝒙
ED PR

Solution:
2 5
Given: 2 − +2=0
C

𝑥 𝑥
©

⇒ 2 − 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 = 0 [Multiplying both side by x2]

⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 5x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − (4x + x) + 2 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 4x − x + 2 = 0
⇒ 2x (x − 2) − 1(x − 2) = 0
⇒ (2x − 1) (x − 2) = 0
⇒ 2x − 1 = 0 or x − 2 = 0
1
⇒ x = or x = 2
2
1
Hence, the roots of the equation are and 2.
2
Question 39: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝒙 − 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎
Solution:
We write, 𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 as 2𝑥 2 × (−𝑎2 ) = −2𝑎2 𝑥 2 = 2𝑎𝑥 × (−𝑎𝑥 )
∴ 2𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑎) − 𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑎) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑎)(2𝑥 − 𝑎) = 0

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0 or 2𝑥 − 𝑎 = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 = −𝑎 or 𝑥 =
𝑎

CO N
2
A
𝑎
Hence, -a and are the roots of the given equation.
2

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 40: 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒃𝒙 − (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝟎

Solution:
C

We write, 4𝑏𝑥 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − 2(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 as 4𝑥 2 × [−(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )] =

©

−4(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑥 2 = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 × [−2(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 ]

∴ 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑏𝑥 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 2 + 2(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − 2(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 [2𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)] − (𝑎 − 𝑏)[2𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)] = 0
⇒ [2𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏)][2𝑥 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)] = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 + (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0 or 2𝑥 − (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 0
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
⇒𝑥=− or 𝑥 =
2 2
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
Hence, − and are the roots of the given equation.
2 2
Question 41: 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + (𝒂𝟒 − 𝒃𝟒 ) = 𝟎
Solution:
We write, -4𝑎2 𝑥 = −2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 − 2(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑥 as 4𝑥 2 × (𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 )
= 4(𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 )𝑥 2 = [−2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )]𝑥 × [−2(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )]𝑥
∴ 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑎2 𝑥 + (𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 ) = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 2 − 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 − 2(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 [2𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )] − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )[2𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ))] = 0

T IO S
⇒ [2𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )][2𝑥 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )] = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 2𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) = 0 or 2𝑥 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0

CO N
A
𝑎2 +𝑏2 𝑎2 −𝑏2
⇒𝑥= or 𝑥 =

PY
2 2
DO U A
𝑎2 +𝑏2 𝑎2 −𝑏2
Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.
T2 2
ED PR

Question 42: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂 − 𝟔) = 𝟎

C
©

Solution:
We write, 5𝑥 = (𝑎 + 3)𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2)𝑥 as 𝑥 2 × [−(𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 6)]
= −(𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 6)𝑥 2 = (𝑎 + 3)𝑥 × [−(𝑎 − 2)𝑥 ]
∴ 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 6) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 3)𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2)𝑥 − (𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 2) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 [𝑥 + (𝑎 + 3)] − (𝑎 − 2)[𝑥 + (𝑎 + 3)] = 0
⇒ [𝑥 + (𝑎 + 3)][𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2)] = 0
⇒ 𝑥 + (𝑎 + 3) = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2) = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −(𝑎 + 3) 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 𝑎 − 2
Hence, -(a+3) and (a-2) are the roots of the given equation.

Question 43: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒙 − (𝟒𝒃𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) = 𝟎

Solution:
We write, −2𝑎𝑥 = (2𝑏 − 𝑎)𝑥 − (2𝑏 + 𝑎)𝑥 as 𝑥 2 × [−(4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 )]
= −(4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 )𝑥 2 = (2𝑏 − 𝑎)𝑥 × [−(2𝑏 + 𝑎)𝑥 ]
∴ 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 − (4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + (2𝑏 − 𝑎)𝑥 − (2𝑏 + 𝑎)𝑥 − (2𝑏 − 𝑎)(2𝑏 + 𝑎) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 [𝑥 + (2𝑏 − 𝑎)] − (2𝑏 + 𝑎)[𝑥 + (2𝑏 − 𝑎)] = 0
⇒ [𝑥 + (2𝑏 − 𝑎)][𝑥 − (2𝑏 + 𝑎)] = 0

T IO S
⇒ 𝑥 + (2𝑏 − 𝑎) = 0 or 𝑥 − (2𝑏 + 𝑎) = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 = −(2𝑏 − 𝑎) or 𝑥 = 2𝑏 + 𝑎

CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑎 − 2𝑏 or 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 2𝑏

PY
Hence, 𝑎 − 2𝑏 and 𝑎 + 2𝑏 are the roots of the given equation.
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 44: 𝒙𝟐 − (𝟐𝒃 − 𝟏)𝒙 + (𝒃𝟐 − 𝒃 − 𝟐𝟎) = 𝟎

Solution:
C
©

We write, −(2𝑏 − 1)𝑥 = −(𝑏 − 5)𝑥 − (𝑏 + 4)𝑥 as 𝑥 2 × (𝑏 2 − 𝑏 − 20)

= (𝑏 2 − 𝑏 − 20)𝑥 2 = [−(𝑏 − 5)𝑥 ] × [−(𝑏 + 4)𝑥 ]
∴ 𝑥 2 − (2𝑏 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑏 − 20) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − (𝑏 − 5)𝑥 − (𝑏 + 4)𝑥 + (𝑏 − 5)(𝑏 + 4) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 [𝑥 − (𝑏 − 5)] − (𝑏 + 4)[𝑥 − (𝑏 − 5)] = 0
⇒ [𝑥 − (𝑏 − 5)][𝑥 − (𝑏 + 4)] = 0
⇒ 𝑥 − (𝑏 − 5) = 0 or 𝑥 − (𝑏 + 4) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑏 − 5 or 𝑥 = 𝑏 + 4
Hence, 𝑏 − 5 and 𝑏 + 4 are the roots of the given equation.
Question 45: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − (𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 − 𝟖) = 𝟎
Solution:
We write, 6𝑥 = (𝑎 + 4)𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2)𝑥 as 𝑥 2 × [−(𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 8)] =
−(𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 8)𝑥 2 = (𝑎 + 4)𝑥 × [−(𝑎 − 2)𝑥 ]
∴ 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 8) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 4)𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2)𝑥 − (𝑎 + 4)(𝑎 − 2) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 [𝑥 + (𝑎 + 4)] − (𝑎 − 2)[𝑥 + (𝑎 + 4)] = 0

T IO S
⇒ [𝑥 + (𝑎 + 4)][𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2)] = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝑥 + (𝑎 + 4) = 0 or 𝑥 − (𝑎 − 2) = 0

CO N
A
⇒ 𝑥 = −(𝑎 + 4) or 𝑥 = 𝑎 − 2

PY
DO U A
Hence, −(𝑎 + 4) and (𝑎 − 2) are the roots of the given equation.
T
ED PR

Question 46: 𝒂𝒃𝒙𝟐 + (𝒃𝟐 − 𝒂𝒄)𝒙 − 𝒃𝒄 = 𝟎

C

Solution:
©

Given:
𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐)𝑥 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0
⇒ 𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 + b2x – acx – bc = 0
⇒ bx (ax + b) − c (ax + b) = 0
⇒ (bx − c) (ax + b) = 0
⇒ bx − c = 0 or ax + b = 0
𝑐 −𝑏
⇒ x = or x =
𝑏 𝑎
𝑐 −𝑏
Hence, the roots of the equation are and .
𝑏 𝑎
Question 47: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒙 − 𝒃𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎
Solution:
We write, −4𝑎𝑥 = −(𝑏 + 2𝑎)𝑥 + (𝑏 − 2𝑎)𝑥 as 𝑥 2 × (−𝑏 2 + 4𝑎2 ) =
(−𝑏 2 + 4𝑎2 )𝑥 2 = −(𝑏 + 2𝑎)𝑥 × (𝑏 − 2𝑎)𝑥
∴ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏 2 + 4𝑎2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 − (𝑏 + 2𝑎)𝑥 + (𝑏 − 2𝑎)𝑥 − (𝑏 − 2𝑎)(𝑏 + 2𝑎) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 [𝑥 − (𝑏 + 2𝑎)] + (𝑏 − 2𝑎)[𝑥 − (𝑏 + 2𝑎)] = 0

T IO S
⇒ [𝑥 − (𝑏 + 2𝑎)][𝑥 + (𝑏 − 2𝑎)] = 0

I
⇒ 𝑥 − (𝑏 + 2𝑎) = 0 or 𝑥 + (𝑏 − 2𝑎) = 0
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 or 𝑥 = −(𝑏 − 2𝑎)
A

PY
⇒ 𝑥 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 or 𝑥 = 2𝑎 − 𝑏
DO U A

Hence, (2𝑎 + 𝑏) and (2𝑎 − 𝑏) are the roots of the given equation.
T
ED PR

Question 48: 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )𝒙 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟎

C
©

Solution:
Given:
4x2 − 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2 = 0
⇒ 4x2 − 2a2x − 2b2x + a2b2 = 0
⇒ 2x (2x − a2) − b2(2x − a2) = 0
⇒ (2x − b2) (2x − a2) = 0
⇒ 2x − b2 = 0 or 2x − a2 = 0
𝑏2 𝑎2
⇒x= or x =
2 2
𝑏2 𝑎2
Hence, the roots of the equation are and .
2 2
Question 49: 𝟏𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒙𝟐 − (𝟗𝒂𝟐 − 𝟖𝒃𝟐 )𝒙 − 𝟔𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎
Solution:
Given:
12𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 − (9𝑎2 − 8𝑏 2 )𝑥 − 6𝑎𝑏 = 0
⇒ 12𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 − 9a2x + 8b2x − 6ab = 0
⇒ 3ax (4bx − 3a) + 2b (4bx − 3a) = 0
⇒ (3ax + 2b) (4bx − 3a) = 0

T IO S I
⇒ 3ax + 2b = 0 or 4bx − 3a = 0
NO A D
CO N
2𝑏 3𝑎
⇒x=− or x =
A
3𝑎 4𝑏

PY
2𝑏 3𝑎
DO U A
Hence, the roots of the equation are − and .
3𝑎 4𝑏
T
ED PR

Question 50: 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒙 − 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
C

Solution:
©

Given:
𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑥 − 𝑎2 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ b2x (a2x + 1) − 1(a2x + 1) = 0
⇒ (b2x − 1) (a2x + 1) = 0
⇒ (b2x − 1) = 0 or (a2x + 1) = 0
1 −1
⇒x= 2 or x =
𝑏 𝑎2
1 −1
Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.
𝑏2 𝑎2

Question 51: 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝒙 + (𝟐𝒂𝟐 + 𝟓𝒂𝒃 + 𝟐𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝟎

Solution:
We write, −9(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 = −3(2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − 3(𝑎 + 2𝑏)𝑥 as
9𝑥 2 × (2𝑎2 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 2 ) = 9(2𝑎2 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 2 )𝑥 2 = [−3(2𝑎 +
𝑏)𝑥 ] × [−3(𝑎 + 2𝑏)𝑥 ]
∴ 9𝑥 2 − 9(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + (2𝑎2 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 2 ) = 0
⇒ 9𝑥 2 − 3(2𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 − 3(𝑎 + 2𝑏)𝑥 + (2𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 2𝑏) = 0
⇒ 3𝑥 [3𝑥 − (2𝑎 + 𝑏)] − (𝑎 + 2𝑏)[3𝑥 − (2𝑎 + 𝑏)] = 0

T IO S
⇒ [3𝑥 − (2𝑎 + 𝑏)][3𝑥 − (𝑎 + 2𝑏)] = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 3𝑥 − (2𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0 or 3𝑥 − (𝑎 + 2𝑏) = 0

CO N
A
2𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+2𝑏
⇒𝑥= or 𝑥 =

PY
3 3
DO U A
2𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+2𝑏
Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.
T 3 3
ED PR

𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟓
−𝟏= , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎, − 𝟏
C

Question 52:
𝒙 𝒙+𝟏
©

Solution:
16 15
−1= , 𝑥 ≠ 0, − 1
𝑥 𝑥+1
16 15
⇒ − =1
𝑥 𝑥+1
16𝑥+16−15𝑥
⇒ =1
𝑥(𝑥+1)
𝑥+16
⇒ =1
𝑥 2 +𝑥
2
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 16 (Cross multiplication)
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 16 = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 + 4 = 0 or 𝑥 − 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = −4 or 𝑥 = 4
Hence, −4 and 4 are the roots of the given equation.

𝟒 𝟓 𝟑
Question 53: − 𝟑 = , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎, −
𝒙 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟐

Solution:
4 5 3
−3= , 𝑥 ≠ 0, −

T IO S
𝑥 2𝑥+3 2

I
4 5
⇒ − =3
𝑥
NO A D
2𝑥+3

CO N
A
8𝑥+12−5𝑥
⇒ =3
𝑥(2𝑥+3)

PY
DO U A
3𝑥+12
⇒ =3
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥
T
ED PR

𝑥+4
⇒ =1
2𝑥 2 +3𝑥

⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 𝑥 + 4 (Cross multiplication)
C
©

⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 − 2 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 + 2) − 1(𝑥 + 2) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 + 2 = 0 or 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥 = 1
Hence, −2 and 1 are the roots of the given equation.
 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
Question 54: − = , 𝒙 ≠ −𝟏,
𝒙+𝟏 𝟐 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟑

Solution:
3 1 2 1
− = , 𝑥 ≠ −1,
𝑥+1 2 3𝑥−1 3
3 2 1
⇒ − =
𝑥+1 3𝑥−1 2
9𝑥−3−2𝑥−2 1
⇒ (𝑥+1)(3𝑥−1) =
2

T IO S
7𝑥−5 1
⇒ =
3𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1 2

I
NO A D
⇒ 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 14𝑥 − 10 (Cross multiplication)

CO N
A
⇒ 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9 = 0

PY
DO U A
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3 = 0
T
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3 = 0
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) − 1(𝑥 − 3) = 0
C

⇒ (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
©

⇒ 𝑥 − 3 = 0 or 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 3 or 𝑥 = 1
Hence, 1 and 3 are the roots of the given equation.

Question 55:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟔
(i) − = , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟏, −𝟓
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙+𝟓 𝟕
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
(ii) + = 𝟏 , 𝒙 ≠ ,𝟓
𝟐𝒙−𝟑 𝒙−𝟓 𝟗 𝟐

Solution:
(i)
 1 1 6
− = , 𝑥 ≠ 1, −5
𝑥−1 𝑥+5 7
𝑥+5−𝑥+1 6
⇒ (𝑥−1)(𝑥+5) =
7
6 6
⇒ =
𝑥 2 +4𝑥−5 7

⇒ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 7
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 12 = 0

T IO S I
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 + 6) − 2(𝑥 + 6) = 0
NO A D
CO N
⇒ (𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
A
⇒ 𝑥 + 6 = 0 or 𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −6 or 𝑥 = 2

PY
DO U A

Hence, −6 and 2 are the roots of the given equation.

T
ED PR

(ii)
C
©

1 1 1
+ =1
2𝑥−3 𝑥−5 9
1 1 10
⇒ + =
2𝑥−3 𝑥−5 9
(𝑥−5)+(2𝑥−3) 10
⇒ (2𝑥−3)(𝑥−5)
=
9
3𝑥−8 10
⇒ =
2𝑥 2 −3𝑥−10𝑥+15 9
3𝑥−8 10
⇒ =
2𝑥 2 −13𝑥+15 9

⇒ 27𝑥 − 72 = 20𝑥 2 − 130𝑥 + 150

⇒ 20𝑥 2 − 157𝑥 + 222 = 0
⇒ 20𝑥 2 − 120𝑥 − 37𝑥 + 222 = 0
⇒ 20𝑥 (𝑥 − 6) − 37(𝑥 − 6) = 0
⇒ (20𝑥 − 37)(𝑥 − 6) = 0
⇒ 20𝑥 − 37 = 0 or 𝑥 − 6 = 0
37
⇒𝑥= or 𝑥 = 6
20

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Question 56: = + +
𝟐𝒂+𝒃+𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒂 𝒃 𝟐𝒙

T IO S
Solution:

I
1
NO A D =
1
+ +
1 1

CO N
2𝑎+𝑏+2𝑥 2𝑎 𝑏 2𝑥
A
1 1 1 1
⇒ − = +

PY
DO U A
2𝑎+𝑏+2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑎 𝑏
2𝑥−2𝑎−𝑏−2𝑥 2𝑎+𝑏
T
⇒ =
ED PR

2𝑥(2𝑎+𝑏+2𝑥) 2𝑎𝑏
(2𝑎+𝑏) 2𝑎+𝑏
⇒− =
4𝑥 2 +4𝑎𝑥+2𝑏𝑥 2𝑎𝑏
C

⇒ 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑥 = −2𝑎𝑏

©

⇒ 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑏 = 0

⇒ 4𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑎) + 2𝑏(𝑥 + 𝑎) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑎)(4𝑥 + 2𝑏) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0 or 4𝑥 + 2𝑏 = 0
𝑏
⇒ 𝑥 = −𝑎 or 𝑥 = −
2
𝑏
Hence, −𝑎 and − are the roots of the given equation.
2

𝒙+𝟑 𝟏−𝒙 𝟏
Question 57: − = 𝟒 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐, 𝟎
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙 𝟒
Solution:
Given:
𝑥+3 1−𝑥 1
− =4
𝑥−2 𝑥 4
(𝑥+3) (1 – 𝑥) 17
⇒ (𝑥−2) − =
𝑥 4
𝑥(𝑥 + 3)– (1 – 𝑥)(𝑥 – 2) 17
⇒ (𝑥 – 2)𝑥
=
4

T IO S
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 – (𝑥 – 2 – 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) 17
⇒ =
𝑥2 − 2𝑥 4

I
⇒ NO A D
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
=
17

CO N
𝑥2 − 2𝑥 4
A
2𝑥 2 +2 17

PY
⇒ =
DO U A
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 4
T
⇒ 8𝑥 2 + 8 = 17𝑥 2 − 34𝑥 [On cross multiplying]
ED PR

⇒ −9𝑥 2 + 34x + 8 = 0
⇒ 9𝑥 2 − 34x − 8 = 0
C
©

⇒ 9𝑥 2 − 36x + 2x − 8 = 0
⇒ 9x (x − 4) + 2(x − 4) = 0
⇒ (x − 4) (9x + 2) = 0
⇒ x − 4 = 0 or 9x + 2 = 0
⇒ x = 4 or x = −29
Hence, the roots of the equation are 4 and −29.

𝟑𝒙−𝟒 𝟕 𝟓 𝟒
Question 58: + = , 𝒙≠
𝟕 𝟑𝒙−𝟒 𝟐 𝟑

Solution:
 3𝑥−4 7 5 4
+ = , 𝑥≠
7 3𝑥−4 2 3
(3𝑥−4)2 +49 5
⇒ =
7(3𝑥−4) 2

9𝑥 2 −24𝑥+16+49 5
⇒ =
21𝑥−28 2
9𝑥 2 −24𝑥+65 5
⇒ =
21𝑥−28 2

⇒ 18𝑥 2 − 48𝑥 + 130 = 105𝑥 − 140

T IO S
⇒ 18𝑥 2 − 153𝑥 + 270 = 0

I
NO A D
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 30 = 0

CO N
A
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 30 = 0

PY
DO U A
⇒2𝑥 (𝑥 − 6) − 5(𝑥 − 6) = 0
T
⇒ (𝑥 − 6)(2𝑥 − 5) = 0
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 − 6 = 0 or 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
C

5
⇒ 𝑥 = 6 or 𝑥 =
©

2
5
Hence, 6 and are the roots of the given equation.
2

Question 59:
𝒙 𝒙−𝟏 𝟏
(i) + = 𝟒 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎, 𝟏
𝒙−𝟏 𝒙 𝟒
𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟏
(ii) + = 𝟐, 𝒙 ≠ − , 𝟏
𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝒙−𝟏 𝟐

Solution:
(i)
𝑥 𝑥−1 1
+ = 4 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, 1
𝑥−1 𝑥 4
 𝑥 2 +(𝑥−1)2 17
⇒ =
𝑥(𝑥−1) 4

𝑥 2 +𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1 17
⇒ =
𝑥 2 −𝑥 4
2𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1 17
⇒ =
𝑥 2 −𝑥 4

⇒ 8𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4 = 17𝑥 2 − 17𝑥
⇒ 9𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 4 = 0

T IO S
⇒ 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4 = 0

I
⇒ 3𝑥 (3𝑥 − 4) + 1(3𝑥 − 4) = 0
NO A D
CO N
A
⇒ (3𝑥 − 4)(3𝑥 + 1) = 0

PY
⇒ 3𝑥 − 4 = 0 or 3𝑥 + 1 = 0
DO U A

4
T 1
⇒𝑥= or 𝑥 = −
ED PR

3 3
4 1
Hence, and − are the roots of the given equation.
3 3
C
©

(ii)
𝑥−1 2𝑥+1
+ =2
2𝑥+1 𝑥−1
(𝑥−1)2 +(2𝑥+1)2
⇒ (2𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)
=2

⇒ (𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥 ) + (4𝑥 2 + 1 + 4𝑥 ) = 2(2𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

⇒ 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 = 2(2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 1)
⇒ 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 = 4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 4 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 (𝑥 + 2) + 2(𝑥 + 2) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 2) = 0 or (𝑥 + 2) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥 = −2
⇒ 𝑥 = −2

𝒙 𝒙+𝟏 𝟒

T IO S
Question 60: + =𝟐 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎, −𝟏
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙 𝟏𝟓

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
𝑥 𝑥+1 4
A
+ =2 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, −1
𝑥+1 𝑥 15

PY
DO U A
𝑥 2 +(𝑥+1)2 34
⇒ =
𝑥(𝑥+1)
T 15
ED PR

𝑥 2 +𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1 34
⇒ =
𝑥 2 +𝑥 15
C

2𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1 34
⇒ =
©

𝑥 2 +𝑥 15

⇒ 30𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 15 = 34𝑥 2 + 34𝑥

⇒ 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 15 = 0
⇒ 4𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 − 6𝑥 − 15 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 (2𝑥 + 5) − 3(2𝑥 + 5) = 0
⇒ (2𝑥 + 5)(2𝑥 − 3) = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 + 5 = 0 or 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
5 3
⇒ 𝑥 = − or 𝑥 =
2 2
5 3
Hence, − and are the roots of the given equation.
2 2
 𝒙−𝟒 𝒙−𝟔 𝟏
Question 61: + = 𝟑 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟓, 𝟕
𝒙−𝟓 𝒙−𝟕 𝟑

Solution:
𝑥−4 𝑥−6 1
+ = 3 , 𝑥 ≠ 5, 7
𝑥−5 𝑥−7 3
(𝑥−4)(𝑥−7)+(𝑥−5)(𝑥−6) 10
⇒ (𝑥−5)(𝑥−7)
=
3

𝑥 2 −11𝑥+28+𝑥 2 −11𝑥+30 10
⇒ =
𝑥 2 −12𝑥+35 3

T IO S
2𝑥 2 −22𝑥+58 10
⇒ =

I
𝑥 2 −12𝑥+35 3

NO A D
𝑥 2 −11𝑥+29

CO N
5
⇒ =
A
𝑥 2 −12𝑥+35 3

⇒ 3𝑥 2 − 33𝑥 + 87 = 5𝑥 2 − 60𝑥 + 175

PY
DO U A

⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 27𝑥 + 88 = 0
T
ED PR

⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 88 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 − 8) − 11(𝑥 − 8) = 0 ⇒ (𝑥 − 8)(2𝑥 − 11) = 0
C
©

⇒ 𝑥 − 8 = 0 or 2𝑥 − 11 = 0
11
⇒ 𝑥 = 8 or 𝑥 =
2
11
Hence, 8 and are the roots of the given equation.
2

𝒙−𝟏 𝒙−𝟑 𝟏
Question 62: + = 𝟑 , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟐, 𝟒
𝒙−𝟐 𝒙−𝟒 𝟑

Solution:
𝑥−1 𝑥−3 1
+ = 3 , 𝑥 ≠ 2, 4
𝑥−2 𝑥−4 3
(𝑥−1)(𝑥−4)+(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) 10
⇒ (𝑥−2)(𝑥−4)
=
3
 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+4+𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 10
⇒ =
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+8 3
2𝑥 2 −10𝑥+10 10
⇒ =
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+8 3
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+5 5
⇒ =
𝑥 2 −6𝑥+8 3

⇒ 3𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 15 = 5𝑥 2 − 30𝑥 + 40
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 15𝑥 + 25 = 0

T IO S
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 25 = 0

I
⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 − 5) − 5(𝑥 − 5) = 0
NO A D
CO N
⇒ (𝑥 − 5)(2𝑥 − 5) = 0
A

PY
⇒ 𝑥 − 5 = 0 or 2𝑥 − 5 = 0
DO U A

5
T
⇒ 𝑥 = 5 or 𝑥 =
ED PR

2
5
Hence, 5 and are the roots of the given equation.
2
C
©

𝟏 𝟐 𝟔
Question 63: (𝒙−𝟐) + (𝒙−𝟏) = , (𝒙 ≠ 𝟐, 𝟏)
𝒙

Solution:
Given:
1 2 6
(𝑥−2)
+ (𝑥−1) =
𝑥
(𝑥 – 1)+ 2(𝑥 – 2) 6
⇒ (𝑥 – 1)(𝑥 – 2)
=
𝑥
3𝑥 − 5 6
⇒ =
𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 2 𝑥

⇒ 3x2 − 5x = 6x2 − 18x + 12 [On cross multiplying]

⇒ 3x2 − 13x + 12 = 0
⇒ 3x2 − (9 + 4) x + 12 = 0
⇒ 3x2 − 9x − 4x + 12 = 0
⇒ 3x (x − 3) − 4(x − 3) = 0
⇒ (3x − 4) (x − 3) = 0
⇒ 3x − 4 = 0 or x − 3 = 0
4
⇒ x = or x = 3
3

T IO S
4
Hence, the roots of the equation are and 3.

I
3

NO A D
CO N
A
Question 64:

PY
DO U A
𝟏 𝟐 𝟓
(i) + = , 𝒙 ≠ −𝟏, −𝟐, −𝟒
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟐 𝒙+𝟒
T
ED PR

𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
(ii) + = , 𝒙 ≠ −𝟏, − , −𝟒
𝒙+𝟏 𝟓𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟒 𝟓
C

Solution:
©

(i)
1 2 5
+ = , 𝑥 ≠ −1, −2, −4
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+4
𝑥+2+2𝑥+2 5
⇒ (𝑥+1)(𝑥+2) =
𝑥+4
3𝑥+4 5
⇒ =
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2 𝑥+4

⇒ (3𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 4) = 5(𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2)

⇒ 3𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 + 16 = 5𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 10
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 6 = 0
⇒ 2𝑥 (𝑥 − 2) + 3(𝑥 − 2) = 0
⇒ (𝑥 − 2)(2𝑥 + 3) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 − 2 = 0 or 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
3
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 or 𝑥 = −
2
3
Hence, 2 and − are the roots of the given equation.
2

(ii)

T IO S
1 3 5
+ =

I
𝑥+1 5𝑥+1 𝑥+4
NO A D
CO N
(5𝑥+1)+(3𝑥+3) 5
=
A
(𝑥+1)(5𝑥+1) 𝑥+4

PY
(𝑥 + 4)[(5𝑥 + 1) + (3𝑥 + 3)] = 5(𝑥 + 1)(5𝑥 + 1)
DO U A
T
(𝑥 + 4)[8𝑥 + 4] = 25𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 5
ED PR

8𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 32𝑥 + 16 = 25𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 5

8𝑥 2 + 36𝑥 + 16 = 25𝑥 2 + 30𝑥 + 5
C
©

17𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 11 = 0
17𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 + 11𝑥 − 11 = 0
17𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 11(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(17𝑥 + 11)(𝑥 − 1) = 0
(17𝑥 + 11) = 0 or (𝑥 − 1) = 0
11
𝑥=− or 𝑥 = 1
17

𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
Question 65: 𝟑 ( ) − 𝟐( ) = 𝟓, 𝒙 ≠ , −
𝟐𝒙+𝟑 𝟑𝒙−𝟏 𝟑 𝟐

Solution:
 3𝑥−1 2𝑥+3 1 3
3( )−2( ) = 5, 𝑥 ≠ , −
2𝑥+3 3𝑥−1 3 2
3(3𝑥−1)2 −2(2𝑥+3)2
⇒ (2𝑥+3)(3𝑥−1)
=5

3(9𝑥 2 −6𝑥+1)−2(4𝑥 2 +12𝑥+9)

⇒ =5
6𝑥 2 +7𝑥−3
27𝑥 2 −18𝑥+3−8𝑥 2 −24𝑥−18
⇒ =5
6𝑥 2 +7𝑥−3
19𝑥 2 −42𝑥−15
⇒ =5

T IO S
6𝑥 2 +7𝑥−3

I
⇒ 19𝑥 2 − 42𝑥 − 15 = 30𝑥 2 + 35𝑥 − 15
NO A D
CO N
⇒ 11𝑥 2 + 77𝑥 = 0
A
⇒ 11𝑥(𝑥 + 7) = 0

PY
DO U A

⇒ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 + 7 = 0
T
ED PR

⇒ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = −7
Hence, 0 and −7 are the roots of the given equation.
C
©

𝟕𝒙+𝟏 𝟓𝒙−𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
Question 66: 𝟑 ( ) − 𝟒( ) = 𝟏𝟏, 𝒙 ≠ , −
𝟓𝒙−𝟑 𝟕𝒙+𝟏 𝟓 𝟕

Solution:
7𝑥+1 5𝑥−3 3 1
3( )−4( ) = 11, 𝑥 ≠ , −
5𝑥−3 7𝑥+1 5 7
3(7𝑥+1)2 −4(5𝑥−3)2
⇒ (5𝑥−3)(7𝑥+1)
= 11

3(49𝑥 2 +14𝑥+1)−4(25𝑥 2 −30𝑥+9)

⇒ = 11
35𝑥 2 −16𝑥−3
147𝑥 2 +42𝑥+3−100𝑥 2 +120𝑥−36
⇒ = 11
35𝑥 2 −16𝑥−3
 47𝑥 2 +162𝑥−33
⇒ = 11
35𝑥 2 −16𝑥−3

⇒ 47𝑥 2 + 162𝑥 − 33 = 385𝑥 2 − 176𝑥 − 33

⇒ 338𝑥 2 − 338𝑥 = 0
⇒ 338𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 − 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 = 0 or 𝑥 = 1

T IO S
Hence, 0 and 1 are the roots of the given equation.

I
NO A D
CO N
A
𝟒𝒙−𝟑 𝟐𝒙+𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑
Question 67: ( ) − 𝟏𝟎 ( ) = 𝟑, (𝒙 ≠ , )
𝟐𝒙+𝟏 𝟒𝒙−𝟑 𝟐 𝟒

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

Given:
4𝑥−3 2𝑥+1
( ) − 10 ( )=3
C

2𝑥+1 4𝑥−3
©

4𝑥−3
Putting = y, we get:
2𝑥+1
10
y− =3
𝑦

𝑦 2 −10
⇒ =3
𝑦

⇒ 𝑦 2 − 10 = 3y [On cross multiplying]

⇒ 𝑦 2 − 3y − 10 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 2 − (5 − 2)y − 10 = 0
⇒ 𝑦 2 − 5y + 2y − 10 = 0
⇒ y (y − 5) + 2(y − 5) = 0
⇒ (y − 5) (y + 2) = 0
⇒ y − 5 = 0 or y + 2 = 0
⇒ y = 5 or y = −2
Case I
If y = 5, we get:
4𝑥 − 3
= 5
2𝑥 + 1

⇒ 4x − 3 = 5(2x + 1) [On cross multiplying]

T IO S
⇒ 4x − 3 = 10x + 5

I
⇒ −6x = 8
NO A D
CO N
−6x = 8
A
⇒

PY
84
DO U A
⇒ x=−
63
T
4
ED PR

⇒ x=−
3

Case II
C

If y = −2, we get:
©

4𝑥 − 3
= −2
2𝑥 + 1

⇒ 4x − 3 = −2(2x + 1)
⇒ 4x − 3 = −4x – 2
⇒ 8x = 1
1
⇒ x=
8
4 1
Hence, the roots of the equation are − and .
3 8
 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙
Question 68: ( ) − 𝟓( ) + 𝟔 = 𝟎, (𝒙 ≠ −𝟏)
𝒙+𝟏 𝒙+𝟏

Solution:
𝑥 2 𝑥
Given: ( ) − 5( )+6=0
𝑥+1 𝑥+1
𝑥
Putting = y, we get:
𝑥+1

y2 − 5y + 6 = 0

T IO S
⇒ y2 − 5y + 6 = 0

I
⇒ y2 − (3 + 2) y + 6 = 0
NO A D
CO N
⇒ y2 − 3y − 2y + 6 = 0
A

PY
⇒ y (y − 3) − 2(y − 3) = 0
DO U A

⇒ (y − 3) (y − 2) = 0
T
ED PR

⇒ y − 3 = 0 or y – 2 = 0
⇒ y = 3 or y = 2
C
©

Case I
If 𝑦 = 3, we get:
𝑥
= 3⇒ x = 3(x + 1) [On cross multiplying]
𝑥+1

⇒ x = 3x + 3
−3
⇒x=
2

Case II
If y = 2, we get:
𝑥
=2
𝑥+1

⇒ x = 2(x + 1)
⇒ x = 2x + 2
⇒ −x = 2
⇒ x = −2
−3
Hence, the roots of the equation are and −2.
2

𝒂 𝒃
Question 69: (𝒙−𝒃) + (𝒙−𝒂) = 𝟐, (𝒙 ≠ 𝒃, 𝒂)

T IO S
Solution:

I
𝑎
NO A D 𝑏

CO N
(𝑥−𝑏)
+ (𝑥−𝑎) = 2
A
𝑎 𝑏

PY
⇒ [(𝑥−𝑏) − 1] + [(𝑥−𝑎) − 1] = 0
DO U A
T
𝑎 – (𝑥 – 𝑏) 𝑏 – (𝑥 – 𝑎)
ED PR

⇒ + =0
𝑥–𝑏 𝑥–𝑎
𝑎–𝑥+𝑏 𝑎–𝑥+𝑏
⇒ + = 0
C

𝑥–𝑏 𝑥–𝑎
©

1 1
⇒ (𝑎 – 𝑥 + 𝑏) [(𝑥 + (𝑥 ]=0
– 𝑏) – 𝑎)
(𝑥 – 𝑎)+ (𝑥 – 𝑏)
⇒ (𝑎 – 𝑥 + 𝑏) [ (𝑥 – 𝑏)(𝑥 – 𝑎)
]=0
2𝑥 – (𝑎 + 𝑏)
⇒ (𝑎 – 𝑥 + 𝑏) [(𝑥 ]=0
– 𝑏)(𝑥 – 𝑎)

⇒ (𝑎 – 𝑥 + 𝑏)[2𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏)] = 0
⇒ 𝑎 – 𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 or 2𝑥 − (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0
𝑎+𝑏
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 or 𝑥 =
2
𝑎+𝑏
Hence, the roots of the equation are (a + b) and ( ).
2
 𝒂 𝒃 𝟏 𝟏
Question 70: (𝒂𝒙−𝟏) + (𝒃𝒙−𝟏) = (𝒂 + 𝒃), (𝒙 ≠ , )
𝒂 𝒃

Solution:
𝑎 𝑏
(𝑎𝑥−1)
+ (𝑏𝑥−1)
= (𝑎 + 𝑏 )
𝑎 𝑏
⇒ [(𝑎𝑥 – 𝑏] + [(𝑏𝑥 – 𝑎] = 0
– 1) – 1)
𝑎 – 𝑏(𝑎𝑥 – 1) 𝑏 – 𝑎(𝑏𝑥 – 1)
⇒ + =0
𝑎𝑥 – 1 𝑏𝑥 − 1

T IO S
𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏
⇒ + =0

I
𝑎𝑥 − 1 𝑏𝑥 − 1

NO A D 1 1

CO N
⇒ (a − abx + b)[(𝑎𝑥 + (𝑏𝑥 ]=0
A
– 1) – 1)

PY
(𝑏𝑥 – 1)+ (𝑎𝑥 – 1)
⇒ (a − abx + b)[ ]=0
DO U A
(𝑎𝑥 – 1)(𝑏𝑥 – 1)
T
ED PR

(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 – 2
⇒ (a − abx + b)[(𝑎𝑥 ]=0
– 1)(𝑏𝑥 – 1)

⇒ (a − abx + b)[(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 – 2] = 0

C
©

⇒ a − abx + b = 0 or (a + b) x − 2 = 0
⇒ x = (a + b) ab or x = 2(a + b)
Hence, the roots of the equation are (a + b) ab and 2(a + b).

Question 71: 𝟑(𝒙+𝟐) + 𝟑−𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎

Solution:
3(𝑥+2) + 3−𝑥 = 10
1
3x.9 + = 10
3𝑥

Let 3𝑥 be equal to y.
∴ 9y + 1y = 10
⇒ 9y2 + 1 = 10y
⇒ 9y2 − 10y + 1 = 0
⇒ (y − 1) (9y − 1) = 0
⇒ y − 1 = 0 or 9y − 1 = 0
1
⇒ y = 1 or y =
9

T IO S
1
⇒ 3x = 1 or 3x =

I
9

NO A D
⇒ 3x = 30 or 3x = 3 − 2

CO N
A
⇒ x = 0 or x = −2

PY
DO U A
Hence, 0 and −2 are the roots of the given equation.
T
ED PR

Question 72: 𝟒(𝒙+𝟏) + 𝟒(𝟏−𝒙) = 𝟏𝟎

C

Solution:
©

Given:
4(𝑥+1) + 4(1−𝑥) = 10
1
⇒ 4x.4 + 41. = 10
4𝑥

Let 4𝑥 be y.
4
∴ 4y + = 10
𝑦

⇒ 4y2 − 10y + 4 = 0
⇒ 4y2 − 8y − 2y + 4 = 0
⇒ 4y (y − 2) − 2(y − 2) = 0
 2 1
⇒ y = 2 or y = =
4 2
1
⇒ 4x = 2 or
2

⇒ 4x = 22x = 21 or 22x = 2−1

1 1
⇒ x = or x = −
2 2
1 1
Hence, and − are roots of the given equation.
2 2

T IO S I
Question 73: 22x − 𝟑. 𝟐(𝒙+𝟐) + 𝟑𝟐 = 𝟎
NO A D
CO N
A
Solution:

PY
Given:
DO U A

22x − 3.2(𝑥+2) + 32 = 0
T
ED PR

⇒ (2x)2 − 3.2x.22 + 32 = 0
Let 2x be y.
C
©

∴ y2 − 12y + 32 = 0
⇒ y2 − 8y − 4y + 32 = 0
⇒ y (y − 8) – 4(y − 8) = 0
⇒ (y − 8) = 0 or (y − 4) = 0
⇒ y = 8 or y = 4
∴ 2x = 8 or 2x = 4
⇒ 2x = 23 or 2x = 22
⇒ x= 2 or 3
Hence, 2 and 3 are the roots of the given equation.
 Exercise 4.2
Page No: 185

Solve each of the following equations by using the method of completing

the square:
Question 1: x² – 6x + 3 = 0
Solution:

T IO S
x² – 6x + 3 = 0

I
NO A D
𝑥 2 – 6x + 3 = 0

CO N
A
𝑥 2 – 6x = – 3

PY
DO U A
𝑥 2 – 2(x)3 + 32 = -3 + 32 (adding 32 on both sides)
T
(𝑥 – 3)2 = – 3 + 9 = 6
ED PR

Using algebraic identity: 𝑎2 – 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 – 𝑏)2

C

𝑥 − 3 = ±√6
©

𝑥 = 3 ± √6
𝑥 = (3 + √6) or (3 − √6)

Question 2: x² – 4x + 1 = 0
Solution:
𝑥 2 – 4x + 1 = 0
𝑥 2 – 4x = – 1
𝑥 2 – 2(x)(2) + 22 = – 1 + 22 (adding 22 on both sides)
(𝑥 – 2)2 = 3
Using algebraic identity: 𝑎2 – 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 – 𝑏)2
𝑥 − 2 = ±√3 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2 ± √3
𝑥 = (2 + √3) or (2 − √3)

Question 3: x² + 8x – 2 = 0
Solution:

T IO S
𝑥 2 + 8x – 2 = 0

I
𝑥 2 + 8x = 2
NO A D
CO N
x2 – 2.x.4 + 42 = 2 + 42
A

PY
(adding 42 on both sides)
DO U A

(𝑥 + 4)2 = 18
T
ED PR

Using algebraic identity: 𝑎2 – 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 – 𝑏)2

C

𝑥 + 4 = ±3√2
©

𝑥 = −4 ± 3√2
𝑥 = (−4 + 3√2) or (−4 − 3√2)

Question 4: 4x² + 4√𝟑 x + 3 = 0

Solution:
4𝑥 2 + 4√3𝑥 + 3 = 0
(2𝑥 )2 + 2 × 2𝑥 × √3 = −3
2
Adding (√3) to both sides,
2 2
(2𝑥 )2 + 2 × 2𝑥 × √3 + (√3) = −3 + (√3)
 2
(2𝑥 + √3) = −3 + √3 = 0

2𝑥 + √3 = 0 ⇒ 2𝑥 = −√3
So,
−√3 −√3
𝑥= ,
2 2

Question 5: 2x² + 5x – 3 = 0

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
2𝑥 2 + 5x – 3 = 0

CO N
A
4𝑥 2 + 10x – 6 = 0 (multiplying both sides by 2)

PY
DO U A
5 2
4𝑥 2 + 10x = 6 (adding ( ) on both sides)
T
2
ED PR

5 2 25 49
(2𝑥 + ) = 6 + =
2 4 4
C

Using algebraic identity: 𝑎2 – 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 – 𝑏)2

©

Taking square root,

5 7
2𝑥 + = ±
2 2
5 7 5 7
2𝑥 + = or 2𝑥 + = −
2 2 2 2
1
x = or -3
2

Question 6: 3x² – x – 2 = 0
Solution:
3𝑥 2 – x – 2 = 0
9𝑥 2 – 3x – 6 = 0 (multiplying both sides by 3)
9𝑥 2 – 3x = 6
1 2
Adding ( ) on both the sides.
2

1 1 2 1 2
(3𝑥 )2 − 2.3𝑥. + ( ) = 6 + ( )
2 2 2

1 2 1 25 5 2
(3𝑥 − ) = 6 + = =( )
2 4 4 2

T IO S
1 5 1 5
3𝑥 – = or 3𝑥 – = −

I
2 2 2 2

NO A D 2

CO N
x = 1 or x = −
A
3

PY
DO U A

Question 7: 8x² – 14x – 15 = 0

T
ED PR

Solution:
8𝑥 2 – 14x – 15 = 0
C
©

16𝑥 2 – 28x – 30 = 0 (multiplying both sides by 2)

7 2
Adding ( ) on both the sides
2

7 7 2 7 2
(4𝑥 )2 − 2.4𝑥. + ( ) = 30 + ( )
2 2 2

7 2 49 169 13 2
(4𝑥 − ) = 30 + = =( )
2 4 4 2
7 13 7 −13
4𝑥 – = or 4𝑥 – =
2 2 2 2
5 −3
x = or x =
2 4

Question 8: 7x² + 3x – 4 = 0
Solution:
7𝑥 2 + 3x – 4 = 0
49𝑥 2 + 21x – 28 = 0 (multiplying both sides by 7)
3 2
Adding ( ) on both the sides,
2

3 3 2 3 2
(7𝑥 )2 + 2.7𝑥. + ( ) = 28 + ( )
2 2 2

3 2 11 2

T IO S
9 121
(7𝑥 + ) = 28 + = =( )
2 4 4 2

I
7𝑥 + =NO A D
3 11
or 7𝑥 + = −
3 11

CO N
2 2 2 2
A
4
x = -1 or x =

PY
7
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 9: 3x² – 2x – 1 = 0
Solution:
C
©

3𝑥 2 – 2x – 1 = 0
9𝑥 2 – 6x = 3 (multiplying both sides by 3)
Adding (1)2 on both the sides
(3𝑥 )2 – 2.3x.1 + (1)2 = 3 + (1)2
(3𝑥 – 1)2 = 22
3x – 1 = 2 or 3x – 1 = -2
−1
x = -1 or x =
3

Question 10: 5x² – 6x – 2 = 0

Solution:
5𝑥 2 – 6x – 2 = 0
25𝑥 2 – 30x – 10 = 0 (multiplying both sides by 5)
25𝑥 2 – 30x = 10
Adding (3)2 both the sides
(5𝑥 )2 − 2.5𝑥. 3 + (3)2 = 10 + (3)2
(5𝑥 − 2)2 = 10 + 9 = 19

T IO S I
5𝑥 − 3√19 or 5𝑥 − 3 = −√19
NO A D
CO N
(3+√19) (3−√19)
A
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
5 5

PY
DO U A
T
𝟐 𝟓
ED PR

Question 11: 𝟐– + 2 = 0
𝒙 𝒙

Solution:
C

2 5
©

– +2=0
𝑥2 𝑥
2−5𝑥+2𝑥 2
=0
𝑥2

2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
4𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 = −4 (multiplying both sides by 2)
5 2
Adding ( ) both the sides
2

2 5 5 2 5 2
2𝑥 − 2.2𝑥. + ( ) = −4 + ( )
2 2 2

5 5 2 5 2
2𝑥 2 − 2.2𝑥. + ( ) = −4 + ( )
2 2 2
 5 3 5 3
2𝑥 − = or 2𝑥 − = −
2 2 2 2
1
𝑥 = 2 or 𝑥 =
2

Question 12: 4x² + 4bx – (a² – b²) = 0

Solution:
4𝑥 2 + 4𝑏𝑥 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0

T IO S
𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − =0

I
(Dividing by 4)
4
NO A D
CO N
𝑏 2
A
Adding ( ) both sides,
2

PY
𝑏 2
DO U A
𝑏
𝑥2 + 2 × 𝑥 + + ( )
2 2
T
ED PR

𝑎2 −𝑏2 𝑏 2 𝑎2 −𝑏2 𝑏2
= +( ) = +
4 2 4 4
C

𝑏 2 𝑎2 −𝑏2 +𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑎 2
(𝑥 + ) = = = (± )
©

2 4 4 2
𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
𝑥 + = or 𝑥 + = −
2 2 2 2
(𝑎−𝑏) −(𝑎+𝑏)
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
2 2

Question 13: x² – (√𝟐 + 1) x + √𝟐 = 0

Solution:
𝑥 2 − (√2 + 1)𝑥 + √2 = 0
√2+1
𝑥2 − 2 × ( ) × 𝑥 = −√2
2
 2
√2+1
Adding, ( ) to both sides
2
2 2
2 √2+1 √2+1 √2+1
𝑥 − 2( )𝑥 + ( ) = −√2 + ( )
2 2 2
2
√2+1 −√2 2+1+2√2
(𝑥 − ) = +
2 1 4
−4√2+2+1+2√2 2+1−2√2
= =
4 4

T IO S
2
√2−1
= (± )

I
2

NO A D
√2+1 √2−1

CO N
𝑥= ±
A
2 2

√2+1 √2−1

PY
𝑥= ±
DO U A
2 2
T
√2+1+√2−1 2√2
ED PR

𝑥= = = √2
2 2

√2+1+√2−1 2
or 𝑥 = = =1
C

2 2
©

𝑥 = 1 or √2

Question 14:√𝟐 x² – 3x – 2√𝟐 = 0

Solution:
√2 x² – 3x – 2√2 = 0
Dividing each side by √2
3
𝑥2 − 𝑥−2=0
√2
3
(𝑥 )2 − 2 × 𝑥 × =2
2√2
 3 2
Adding, ( ) to both sides,
2√2

3 3 2 3 2
(𝑥 )2 −2×𝑥× +( ) =2+( )
2√2 2√2 2√2

3 2 9 25 5 2
(𝑥 − ) =2+ = = (± )
2√2 8 8 2√2
3 5
𝑥− = (± )
2√2 2√2
3 5

T IO S
𝑥= ±
2√2 2√2

I
3 5 8 4 4√2
NO A D 𝑥= + = = = = 2√2

CO N
2√2 2√2 2√2 √2 √2×√2
A
3 5 −2 −1 √2
or 𝑥 = − = = =

PY
2√2 2√2 2√2 √2 4
DO U A

−1
T
𝑥= or 2√2
ED PR

√2
C

Question 15: √𝟑 x² + 10x + 7√𝟑 = 0

©

Solution:
√3 x² + 10x – 7√3 = 0
Dividing each side by √3
10
𝑥2 + 𝑥+7=0
√3
5
(𝑥 )2 + 2 × 𝑥 × = −7
√3

5 2
Adding, ( ) to both sides
√3

5 5 2 5 2
(𝑥 )2 +2×𝑥× + ( ) = −7 + ( )
√3 √3 √3
 5 2 25
(𝑥 + ) = −7 +
√3 3

−211+25 4 2 2
= = = (± )
3 3 √3
5 2
𝑥+ =±
√3 √3
−5 2
𝑥= ±
√3 √3
−7
𝑥 = −√3 or

T IO S
√3

I
NO A D
CO N
Question 16: By using the method of completing the square, show that
A
the equation 2x² + x + 4 = 0 has no real roots:

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 4 = 0
4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 8 = 0 (multiplying both sides by 2)
C

4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = −8
©

1 2
Adding ( ) both sides
2

1 1 2 1 2
(2𝑥 )2 + 2.2𝑥. + ( ) = −8 + ( )
2 2 2

1 2 1 31
(2𝑥 + ) = −8 + = − <0
2 4 4

1 2
But (2𝑥 + ) cannot be negative for any real value of 𝑥.
2

The given equation has no real roots.

 Exercise 4.3
Page No: 191

Find the discriminant of each of the following equations:

Question 1:
(i) 2x² – 7x + 6 = 0
(ii) 3x² – 2x + 8 = 0

T IO S I
(iii) 2x² – 5√𝟐x + 4 = 0
NO A D
CO N
(iv) √𝟑 x² + 2√𝟐 x – 2√𝟑 =0
A
(v) (x – 1) (2x – 1) = 0

PY
DO U A

(vi) 1 – x = 2x²
T
ED PR

Solution:
(i) 2x² – 7x + 6 = 0
C
©

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

which is
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Here, a = 2, b = -7 and c = 6
Discriminant formula: D = b2 – 4ac
(−7)2 – 4 × 2 × 6
=1

(ii) 3x² – 2x + 8 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Here, a = 3, b = – 2, c = 8
Discriminant formula: D = b2 – 4ac
= (– 2)2 – 4.3.8
= 4 – 96
= – 92

T IO S I
NO A D
(iii) 2x² – 5√2x + 4 = 0

CO N
A
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

PY
DO U A
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
T
Here, a = 2, b = – 5√2, c = 4
ED PR

Discriminant formula: D = b2 – 4ac

C

2
= (– 5√2) – 4.2.4
©

= 50 – 32
= 18

(iv) √3 x² + 2√2 x – 2√3 =0

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
Here, a = √3, b = 2√2, c = – 2√3
Discriminant formula: D = b2 – 4ac
2
= (2√2) – 4(√3)(– 2√3)
= 32

(v) (x – 1) (2x – 1) = 0
2𝑥 2 – 3x + 1 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
Here, a = 2, b = -3, c = –1

T IO S
Discriminant formula: D = b2 – 4ac

I
NO A D
= (−3)2 – 4 × 2 × 1

CO N
A
=1

PY
DO U A
T
(vi) 1 – x = 2x²
ED PR

1 – x = 2x²
C

2x2 + x – 1 = 0
©

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
Here, a = 2, b = 1, c = –1
Discriminant formula: D = b2 – 4ac
= (1)2 – 4 × 2 × −1
=9
Find the roots of each of the following equations, if they exist, by
applying the quadratic formula:

Question 2: x² – 4x – 1 = 0
Solution:
x² – 4x – 1 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
Here, a = 1, b = -4, c = –1
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac

T IO S
= (−4)2 – 4 × 1 × −1

I
NO A D
= 20 > 0

CO N
A
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=

PY
2𝑎
DO U A

−(−4)±√20
T
𝑥=
ED PR

2×1
4±2√5
=
2
C
©

= 2 ± √5
Therefore, x = 2 + √5 and x = 2 – √5

Question 3: x² – 6x + 4 = 0
Solution:
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 1, b = -6, c = 4
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
= (- 6)2 – 4.1.4
= 36 – 16
= 20 > 0
Roots of equation are real.
Find the Roots:
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎

T IO S
−(−6)±√20 6±2√5
= =

I
2×1 2

NO A D
CO N
= 3 ± √5
A
x = 3 + √5 or x = 3 – √5

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 4: 2x² + x – 4 = 0
Solution:
C
©

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 2, b = 1, c = -4
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
= (1)2 – 4.2.-4
= 1 + 32
= 33 > 0
Roots of equation are real.
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
 −1±√33
=
4

Root are:
(−1+√33) (−1−√33)
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
4 4

Question 5: 25x² + 30x + 7 = 0

Solution:

T IO S
25x² + 30x + 7 = 0

I
NO A D
CO N
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
A
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0

PY
DO U A
a = 25, b = 30, c = 7
T
Find Discriminant:
ED PR

D = b2 – 4ac
C

= (30)2 – 4.25.7
©

= 900 – 700
= 200 > 0
Roots of equation are real.
Find the Roots:
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
−30±√200
𝑥=
2×25
−30±10√2
=
50
−3±√2
=
5
Roots of the equations are:
−3+√2 −3−√2
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
5 5

Question 6: 16x² = 24x + 1

Solution:
16x² – 24x – 1 =0

T IO S
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

I
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
NO A D
CO N
a = 16, b = -24, c = -1
A
Find Discriminant:

PY
DO U A

D = b2 – 4ac
T
ED PR

= (-24)2 – 4.16.-1
= 576 + 64
C
©

= 640 > 0
Roots of equation are real.
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
3±√10
=
4

Roots are:
3+√10 3−√10
𝑥= or 𝑥 =
4 4

Question 7: 15x² – 28 = x
Solution:
15x² - x – 28 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 15, b = -1, c = -28
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
= (-1)2 – 4.15. (-28)

T IO S
= 1 + 1680

I
NO A D
= 1681 > 0

CO N
A
Roots of equation are real.

PY
DO U A
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
T
ED PR

−(−1)±√1681 1±41
= =
2×15 30
C

7 −4
𝑥 = or 𝑥 =
©

5 3

Question 8: 2x² – 2√𝟐 x + 1 = 0

Solution:
2x² – 2√2 x + 1 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 2, b = – 2√2, c = 1
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
 2
= (– 2√2) – 4.2.1
=8–8
=0
Equation has equal root.
Find roots:
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎

T IO S
2√2±0 √2 1

I
= = =
4 1 √2
NO A D
CO N
1 1
𝑥 = or 𝑥 =
A
√2 √2

PY
DO U A
Roots of equation are real.
T
ED PR

Question 9: √𝟐 x² + 7x + 5√𝟐 = 0
C

Solution:
©

√2 x² + 7x + 5√2 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = √2, b = 7 , c = 5√2
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
= (7)2 – 4. √2. 5√2
= 49 – 40
=9>0
Roots of equation are real.
Find roots:
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
−7±√9 −7±3
= =
2×√2 2√2

Roots are:
5
x = – √2 or x = −

T IO S
√2

I
NO A D
CO N
Question 10: √𝟑 x² + 10x – 8√𝟑 = 0
A

PY
Solution:
DO U A
T
√3 x² + 10x – 8√3 = 0
ED PR

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
C
©

a = √3, b = 10 , c = – 8√3
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
= (10)2 – 4. √3 . – 8√3
= 100 + 96
= 196 > 0
Roots of equation are real.
Find roots:
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
 −10±√196 −10±14
= =
2×√3 2√3

Roots are:
2√3
𝑥 = or 𝑥 = −4√3
3

Question 11: √𝟑 x² – 2√𝟐 x – 2√𝟑 = 0

T IO S
Solution:

I
√3 x² – 2√2 x – 2√3 = 0
NO A D
CO N
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
A
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0

PY
DO U A
a = √3, b = – 2√2, c = – 2√3
T
ED PR

Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
C

2
©

= (– 2√2) – 4. √3. – 2√3

= 8 + 24
= 32 > 0
Roots of equation are real.
Find roots:
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
2√2±4√2
=
2√3

√2
𝑥 = √6 or 𝑥 = −
√3
Question 12: 2x² + 6√𝟑 x – 60 = 0
Solution:
2x² + 6√3 x – 60 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 2, b = 6√3, c = – 60
Find Discriminant:

T IO S
D = b2 – 4ac

I
NO A D
CO N
2
= (6√3) – 4.2. – 60
A

PY
= 108 + 480
DO U A

= 588 > 0
T
ED PR

Roots of equation are real.

Find roots:
C
©

−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
−6√3±√196×3
=
2×2
−3√3±7√3
=
2

Roots are:
𝑥 = 2√3 or 𝑥 = −5√3

Question 13: 4√𝟑 x² + 5x – 2√𝟑 = 0

Solution:
4√3 x² + 5x – 2√3 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 4√3, b = 5, c = – 2√3
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
= (5)2 – 4. 4√3. – 2√3

T IO S I
= 25 + 96
NO A D
CO N
= 121 > 0
A
Roots of equation are real.

PY
DO U A
Find roots:
T
ED PR

−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎
C

−5±√121 −5±11
= =
©

2×4√3 8√3

Roots are:
√3 2
𝑥 = or 𝑥 = −
4 √3

Question 14: 3x² – 2√𝟔 x + 2 = 0

Solution:
3x² – 2√6 x + 2 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 3, b = – 2√6, c = 2
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
2
= (– 2√6) – 4. 3. 2
= 24 – 24
=0
Roots of equation are equal.

T IO S
Find roots:

I
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
NO A D
CO N
2𝑎
A
−(−2√6)±√0
=

PY
2×3
DO U A

2√6
T
=
ED PR

Roots are:
C

√2 √2
x= and x = x =
©

√3 √3

Question 15: 2√𝟑 x² – 5x + √𝟑 = 0

Solution:
2√3 x² – 5x + √3 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is ax2 + bx + c = 0
a = 2√3, b = – 5 , c = √3
Find Discriminant:
D = b2 – 4ac
 = (– 5)2 – 4. 2√3. √3
= 25 – 24
=1>0
Roots of equation are real.
Find roots:
−𝑏±√𝐷
𝑥=
2𝑎

T IO S
−(−5)±√1 5±1
= =

I
2×2√3 4 √3
NO A D
CO N
Roots are:
A
√3 1

PY
x= and x =
DO U A
2 √3
T
ED PR

Question 16: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
C

Solution:
©

The given equation is 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 = 0.

Comparing it with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 1, b = 1 and c = 2
∴ Discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac
= 12 − 4 × 1 × 2
=1−8
= −7 < 0
Hence, the given equation has no real roots (or real roots does not exist).
Question 17: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝒙 − 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎
Solution:
The given equation is 2𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎2 = 0.
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 2, B = 𝑎 and C = −𝑎2
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶 = 𝑎2 − 4 × 2 × −𝑎2 = 𝑎2 + 8𝑎2 =
9𝑎2 ≥ 0

T IO S
So, the given equation has real roots.

I
NO A D
CO N
Now, √𝐷 = √9𝑎2 = 3𝑎
A
−𝐵±√𝐷 −𝑎+3𝑎 2𝑎 𝑎
∴𝛼= = = =

PY
DO U A
2𝐴 2×2 4 2
T
−𝐵±√𝐷 −𝑎+3𝑎 −4𝑎
𝛽= = = = −𝑎
ED PR

2𝐴 2×2 4
𝑎
Hence, and −a are the roots of the given equation.
2
C
©

Question 18: 𝒙𝟐 − (√𝟑 + 𝟏)𝒙 + √𝟑 = 𝟎

Solution:
The given equation is 𝑥 2 − (√3 + 1)𝑥 + √3 = 0.
Comparing it with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 1, b = −(√3 + 1) and c = √3
∴ Discriminant, D = b2 − 4ac
2
= [−(√3 + 1)] − 4 × 1 × √3

= 3 + 1 + 2√3 − 4√3
= 3 − 2√3 + 1
2
= (√3 − 1) > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.
2
Now, √𝐷 = √(√3 − 1) = √3 − 1

−𝑏+√𝐷 −[−(√3+1)]+(√3−1) √3+1+√2−1 2√3

∴𝛼= = = = = √3
2𝑎 2×1 2 2

T IO S
−𝑏−√𝐷 −[−(√3+1)]−(√3−1) √3+1−√2−1 2
𝛽= = = = =1

I
2𝑎 2×1 2 2
NO A D
CO N
Hence, √3 and 1 are the roots of the given equation.
A

PY
DO U A

Question 19: 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓√𝟑𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎

T
ED PR

Solution:
The given equation is 2𝑥 2 + 5√3𝑥 + 6 = 0.
C
©

Comparing it with 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, we get

a = 2, b = 5√3 and c = 6

∴ Discriminant, 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2
= (5√3) − 4 × 2 × 6
= 75 − 48
= 27 > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.
Now, √𝐷 = √27 = 3√3
−𝑏+√𝐷 −5√3+3√3 −2√3 −√3
∴𝛼= = = =
2𝑎 2×2 4 2
−𝑏−√𝐷 −5√3−3√3 −8√3
𝛽= = = = −2√3
2𝑎 2×2 4
−√3
Hence, and −2√3 are the roots of the given equation.
2

T IO S I
Question 20: 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
NO A D
CO N
A
Solution:

PY
The given equation is 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 2 = 0.
DO U A
T
Comparing it with 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, we get
ED PR

a = 3, b = −2 and c = 2
∴ Discriminant, 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
C
©

= (−2)2 − 4 × 3 × 2
= 4 − 24
= −20 < 0
Hence, the given equation has no real roots (or real roots does not exist).

𝟏
Question 21: 𝒙 + = 𝟑, 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒙

Solution:
The given equation is
1
𝑥 + = 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥
 𝑥 2 +1
⇒ =3
𝑥

⇒ 𝑥 2 + 1 = 3𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0
This equation is of the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a = 1, b = −3 and
c = 1.
∴ Discriminant, 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐

T IO S
= (−3)2 − 4 × 1 × 1

I
=9−4
NO A D
CO N
=5>0
A

PY
So, the given equation has real roots.
DO U A
T
Now, √𝐷 = √5
ED PR

−𝑏+√𝐷 −(−3)+√5 3+√5

∴𝛼= = =
2𝑎 2×1 2
C

−𝑏−√𝐷 −(−3)−√5 3−√5

©

𝛽= = =
2𝑎 2×1 2
3+√5 3−√5
Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.
2 2

𝟏 𝟏
Question 22: − = 𝟑, 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎, 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙−𝟐

Solution:
The given equation is
1 1
− = 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0, 2
𝑥 𝑥−2
𝑥−2−𝑥
⇒ =3
𝑥(𝑥−2)
 −2
⇒ =3
𝑥 2 −2𝑥

⇒ −2 = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
⇒ 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2 = 0
This equation is of the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a = 3, b = −6 and
c = 2.
∴ Discriminant, 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (−6)2 − 4 × 3 × 2

T IO S I
= 36 − 24
NO A D
CO N
= 12 > 0
A
So, the given equation has real roots.

PY
DO U A

Now, √𝐷 = √12 = 2√3

T
ED PR

−𝑏+√𝐷 −(−6)+2√3 6+2√3 3+√3

∴𝛼= = = =
2𝑎 2×3 6 3
C

−𝑏−√𝐷 −(−6)−2√3 6−2√3 3−√3

𝛽= = = =
©

2𝑎 2×3 6 3
3+√3 3−√3
Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.
3 3

𝟏
Question 23: 𝒙 − = 𝟑, 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒙

Solution:
The given equation is
1
𝑥 − = 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0
𝑥
𝑥 2 −1
⇒ =3
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 1 = 3𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 1 = 0
This equation is of the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a = 1, b = −3 and
c = –1.
∴ Discriminant, 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (−3)2 − 4 × 1 × (−1)
=9+4

T IO S
= 13 > 0

I
NO A D
So, the given equation has real roots.

CO N
A
Now, √𝐷 = √13

PY
DO U A
−𝑏+√𝐷 −(−3)+√13 3+√13
∴𝛼= = =
T
2𝑎 2×1 2
ED PR

−𝑏−√𝐷 −(−3)−√13 3−√13

𝛽= = =
2𝑎 2×1 2
C

3+√13 3−√13
©

Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.

2 2

𝒎 𝒏
Question 24: 𝒙𝟐 + = 𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙
𝒏 𝒎

Solution:
The given equation is

𝑚 𝑛
𝑥2 + = 1 − 2𝑥
𝑛 𝑚
𝑚2 𝑥 2 +𝑛2
⇒ = 1 − 2𝑥
𝑚𝑛

⇒ 𝑚2 𝑥 2 + 𝑛2 = 𝑚𝑛 − 2𝑚𝑛𝑥
⇒ 𝑚2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑚𝑛𝑥 + 𝑛2 − 𝑚𝑛 = 0
This equation is of the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a = 𝑚2 , b = 2mn
and c = 𝑛2 −mn.
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (2𝑚𝑛)2 − 4 × 𝑚2 × ( 𝑛2 − 𝑚𝑛)
= 4𝑚2 𝑛2 − 4𝑚2 𝑛2 + 4𝑚3 𝑛
= 4𝑚3 𝑛 > 0

T IO S
So, the given equation has real roots.

I
NO A D
CO N
Now, √𝐷 = √4𝑚3 𝑛 = 2𝑚√𝑚𝑛
A
−𝑏+√𝐷 −2𝑚𝑛+2𝑚√𝑚𝑛 2𝑚(−𝑛+√𝑚𝑛) −𝑛+√𝑚𝑛

PY
∴𝛼= = = =
DO U A
2𝑎 2×𝑚2 2𝑚2 𝑚
T
−𝑏−√𝐷 −2𝑚𝑛−2𝑚√𝑚𝑛 2𝑚(−𝑛−√𝑚𝑛) −𝑛−√𝑚𝑛
𝛽= = = =
ED PR

2𝑎 2×𝑚2 2𝑚2 𝑚
−𝑛+√𝑚𝑛 −𝑛−√𝑚𝑛
Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.
C

𝑚 𝑚
©

Question 25: 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒂𝒙 + (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝟎

Solution:
The given equation is 36𝑥 2 − 12𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0.
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 36, B = −12a and C = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= (−12𝑎)2 − 4 × 36 × (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )
= 144𝑎2 − 144𝑎2 + 144𝑏 2
= 144𝑏 2 > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.
Now, √𝐷 = √144𝑏 2 = 12𝑏
−𝐵+√𝐷 −(−12𝑎)+12𝑏 12(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑎+𝑏
∴𝛼= = = =
2𝐴 2×36 72 6
−𝐵−√𝐷 −(−12𝑎)−12𝑏 12(𝑎−𝑏) 𝑎−𝑏
𝛽= = = =
2𝐴 2×36 72 6
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎−𝑏
Hence, and are the roots of the given equation.
6 6

T IO S I
Question 26: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒙 + (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝟎
NO A D
CO N
A
Solution:

PY
Given: 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0
DO U A

On comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get:

T
ED PR

A = 1, B = −2a and C = (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )

Discriminant D is given by: D = B2 − 4AC
C
©

= (−2a)2 − 4 × 1 × (a2 − b2)

= 4a2 − 4a2 + 4b2 = 4b2 > 0
Hence, the roots of the equation are real.
Roots α and β are given by:
−𝐵+√𝐷 −(−2𝑎)+√4𝑏2 2𝑎+2𝑏 2(𝑎+𝑏)
α= = = = = (𝑎 + 𝑏)
2𝐴 2×1 2 2

−𝐵−√𝐷 −(−2𝑎)−√4𝑏2 2𝑎−2𝑏 2(𝑎−𝑏)

β= = = = = (𝑎 − 𝑏)
2𝐴 2×1 2 2

Hence, the roots of the equation are (a + b) and (a−b).

Question 27: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒙 − (𝟒𝒃𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 ) = 𝟎

Solution:
The given equation is 𝑥 2 − 2𝑎𝑥 − (4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) = 0.
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 1, B = −2a and C = − (4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 )
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= (−2𝑎)2 − 4 × 1 × [−(4𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 )]
= 4𝑎2 + 16𝑏 2 − 4𝑎2

T IO S I
= 16𝑏 2 > 0
NO A D
CO N
So, the given equation has real roots.
A
Now, √𝐷 = √16𝑏 2 = 4𝑏

PY
DO U A
T
−𝐵+√𝐷 −(−2𝑎)+4𝑏 2(𝑎+2𝑏)
∴𝛼= = = = 𝑎 + 2𝑏
ED PR

2𝐴 2×1 2
−𝐵−√𝐷 −(−2𝑎)−4𝑏 2(𝑎−2𝑏)
𝛽= = = = 𝑎 − 2𝑏
2𝐴 2×1 2
C
©

Hence, a + 2b and a − 2b are the roots of the given equation.

Question 28: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − (𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐𝒂 − 𝟖) = 𝟎

Solution:
The given equation is 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 8) = 0.
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 1, B = 6 and C = −(𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 8)

∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= 62 − 4 × 1 × [−(𝑎2 + 2𝑎 − 8)]
= 36 + 4𝑎2 + 8𝑎 − 32
= 4𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 4
= 4(𝑎2 + 2𝑎 + 1)
= 4(𝑎 + 1)2 > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.

Now, √𝐷 = √4(𝑎 + 1)2 = 2(𝑎 + 1)

T IO S
−𝐵+√𝐷 −6+2(𝑎+1) 2𝑎−4
∴𝛼= = = =𝑎−2

I
2𝐴 2×1 2

NO A D
−𝐵−√𝐷 −6−2(𝑎+1) −2𝑎−8

CO N
𝛽= = = = −𝑎 − 4 = −(𝑎 + 4)
A
2𝐴 2×1 2

Hence, (a − 2) and − (a + 4) are the roots of the given equation.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 29: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂 − 𝟔) = 𝟎

Solution:
C
©

The given equation is 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − (𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 6) = 0.

Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 1, B = 5 and C = − (𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 6)
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= 52 − 4 × 1 × [−(𝑎2 + 𝑎 − 6)]
= 25 + 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎 − 24
= 4𝑎2 + 4𝑎 + 1
= (2𝑎 + 1)2 > 0

So, the given equation has real roots.

Now, √𝐷 = √(2𝑎 + 1)2 = 2𝑎 + 1
−𝐵+√𝐷 −5+2𝑎+1 2𝑎−4
∴𝛼= = = =𝑎−2
2𝐴 2×1 2
−𝐵−√𝐷 −5−(2𝑎+1) −2𝑎−6
𝛽= = = = −𝑎 − 3 = −(𝑎 + 3)
2𝐴 2×1 2

Hence, (a − 2) and − (a + 3) are the roots of the given equation.

Question 30: 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝒙 − 𝒃𝟐 + 𝟒𝒂𝟐 = 𝟎

T IO S I
Solution:
NO A D
CO N
The given equation is 𝑥 2 − 4𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏 2 + 4𝑎2 = 0.
A
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get

PY
DO U A

A = 1, B = −4a and C = −𝑏 2 + 4𝑎2

T
ED PR

∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= (−4𝑎)2 − 4 × 1 × (− + 4𝑎2 )
C
©

= 16𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 − 16𝑎2
= 4𝑏 2 > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.
Now, √𝐷 = √4𝑏 2 = 2𝑏
−𝐵+√𝐷 −(−4𝑎)+2𝑏 4𝑎+2𝑏
∴𝛼= = = = 2𝑎 + 𝑏
2𝐴 2×1 2
−𝐵−√𝐷 −(−4𝑎)−2𝑏 4𝑎−2𝑏
𝛽= = = = 2𝑎 − 𝑏
2𝐴 2×1 2

Hence, (2a+b) and (2a−b) are the roots of the given equation.

Question 31: 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + (𝒂𝟒 − 𝒃𝟒 ) = 𝟎

Solution:
The given equation is 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑎2 𝑥 + (𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 ) = 0.
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 4, B = −4𝑎2 and C = 𝑎4 − 𝑏 4
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= (−4𝑎2 )2 − 4 × 4 × (𝑎4 − 𝑏 4 )
= 16𝑎4 − 16𝑎4 + 16𝑏 4

T IO S I
= 16𝑏 4 > 0
NO A D
CO N
So, the given equation has real roots.
A
Now, √𝐷 = √16𝑏 4 = 4𝑏 2

PY
DO U A

−(−4𝑎2 )+4𝑏2 4(𝑎2 +𝑏2 ) 𝑎2 +𝑏2

T
−𝐵+√𝐷
∴𝛼= = = =
ED PR

2𝐴 2×4 8 2
−𝐵−√𝐷 −(−4𝑎2 )−4𝑏2 4(𝑎2 −𝑏2 ) 𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝛽= = = =
2𝐴 2×4 8 2
C
©

1 1
Hence, (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) and (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) are the roots of the given equation.
2 2

Question 32: 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒃𝒙 − (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝟎

Solution:
The given equation is 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑏𝑥 − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 ) = 0.
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 4, B = 4b and C = − (𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= (4𝑏)2 − 4 × 4 × [−(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )]
= 16𝑏 2 + 16𝑎2 − 16𝑏 2
= 16𝑎2 > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.
Now, √𝐷 = √16𝑎2 = 4𝑎
−𝐵+√𝐷 −4𝑏+4𝑎 4(𝑎−𝑏) 𝑎−𝑏
∴𝛼= = = =
2𝐴 2×4 8 2
−𝐵−√𝐷 −4𝑏−4𝑎 −4(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑎+𝑏
𝛽= = = =−

T IO S
2𝐴 2×4 8 2

I
1 1
Hence, (𝑎 − 𝑏) and − (𝑎 + 𝑏) are the roots of the given equation.
NO A D
2 2

CO N
A

PY
Question 33: 𝒙𝟐 − (𝟐𝒃 − 𝟏)𝒙 + (𝒃𝟐 − 𝒃 − 𝟐𝟎) = 𝟎
DO U A
T
Solution:
ED PR

The given equation is 𝑥 2 − (2𝑏 − 1)𝑥 + (𝑏 2 − 𝑏 − 20) = 0.

Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
C
©

A = 1, B = −(2b−1) and C = 𝑏 2 − 𝑏 − 20
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= [−(2𝑏 − 1)]2 − 4 × 1 × (𝑏 2 − 𝑏 − 20)
= 4𝑏 2 − 4𝑏 + 1 − 4𝑏 2 + 4𝑏 + 80
= 81 > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.
Now, √𝐷 = √81 = 9
−𝐵+√𝐷 −[−(2𝑏−1)]+9 2𝑏+8
∴𝛼= = = =𝑏+4
2𝐴 2×1 2
−𝐵−√𝐷 −[−(2𝑏−1)]−9 2𝑏−10
𝛽= = = =𝑏−5
2𝐴 2×1 2
Hence, (b + 4) and (b − 5) are the roots of the given equation.

Question 34: 𝟑𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒂𝒃𝒙 + 𝟒𝒃𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎

Solution:
Given: 3𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 8𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 4𝑏 2 = 0
On comparing it with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, we get:
A = 3a2, B = 8ab and C = 4b2

T IO S I
Discriminant D is given by:
NO A D
CO N
D = (B2 − 4AC)
A
= (8ab)2 − 4 × 3a2 × 4b2

PY
DO U A

= 16a2b2 > 0
T
ED PR

Hence, the roots of the equation are real.

Roots α and β are given by:
C
©

−𝑏 +√𝐷 −8𝑎𝑏+√16𝑎2 𝑏2 −8𝑎𝑏 + 4𝑎𝑏 −4𝑎𝑏 −2𝑏

α= = = = =
2𝑎 2×3𝑎2 6𝑎2 6𝑎2 3𝑎

−𝑏−√𝐷 −8𝑎𝑏−√16𝑎2 𝑏2 −8𝑎𝑏− 4𝑎𝑏 −12𝑎𝑏 −2𝑏

β= = = = =
2𝑎 2×3𝑎2 6𝑎2 6𝑎2 𝑎
−2𝑏 −2𝑏
Thus, the roots of the equation are and .
3𝑎 𝑎

Question 35: 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒙𝟐 − (𝟒𝒃𝟒 − 𝟑𝒂𝟒 )𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎 and 𝒃 ≠ 𝟎

Solution:
The given equation is 𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑥 2 − (4𝑏 4 − 3𝑎4 )𝑥 − 12𝑎2 𝑏 2 = 0.
Comparing it with 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶 = 0, we get
A = 𝑎2 𝑏 2 , B = −(4𝑏 4 − 3𝑎4 ) and C = −12𝑎2 𝑏 2
∴ Discriminant, D = 𝐵2 − 4𝐴𝐶
= [−(4𝑏 4 − 3𝑎4 )]2 − 4 × 𝑎2 𝑏 2 × (−12𝑎2 𝑏 2 )
= 16𝑏 8 − 24𝑎4 𝑏 4 + 9𝑎8 + 48𝑎4 𝑏 4
= 16𝑏 8 + 24𝑎4 𝑏 4 + 9𝑎8
= (4𝑏 4 + 3𝑎4 )2 > 0
So, the given equation has real roots.

T IO S
Now, √𝐷 = √(4𝑏 4 + 3𝑎4 )2 = 4𝑏 4 + 3𝑎4

I
−𝐵+√𝐷 −[−(4𝑏4 −3𝑎4 )]+(4𝑏4 +3𝑎4 ) 8𝑏4 4𝑏2
∴𝛼=
NO A D =
2×𝑎2 𝑏2
=
2𝑎2 𝑏2
=
𝑎2

CO N
2𝐴
A
−𝐵−√𝐷 −[−(4𝑏4 −3𝑎4 )]−(4𝑏4 +3𝑎4 ) −6𝑏4 3𝑎2
𝛽= = = =−

PY
2𝐴 2×𝑎2 𝑏2 2𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑏2
DO U A

4𝑏2 3𝑎2
T
Hence, and − are the roots of the given equation.
ED PR

𝑎2 𝑏2
C

Question 36: 𝟏𝟐𝒂𝒃𝒙𝟐 − (𝟗𝒂𝟐 − 𝟖𝒃𝟐 )𝒙 − 𝟔𝒂𝒃 = 𝟎, where 𝒂 ≠ 𝟎 and

©

𝒃≠𝟎
Solution:
Given: 12𝑎𝑏𝑥 2 − (9𝑎2 − 8𝑏 2 )𝑥 − 6𝑎𝑏 = 0
On comparing it with Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, we get:
A = 12ab, B = −(9a2 − 8b2) and C = −6ab
Discriminant D is given by: D = B2 − 4AC
= [−(9a2 − 8b2)]2 − 4 × 12ab × (−6ab)
= 81a4 − 144a2b2 + 64b4 + 288a2b2
= 81a4 + 144a2b2 + 64b4
= (9a2 + 8b2)2 > 0
Hence, the roots of the equation are equal.
Roots α and β are given by:
−𝐵+√𝐷 −[−(9𝑎2 − 8𝑏2 )]+√(9𝑎2 +8𝑏2 )2 9𝑎2 – 8𝑏2 + 9𝑎2 + 8𝑏2 18𝑎2 3𝑎
𝛼= = = = =
2𝐴 2× 12𝑎𝑏 24𝑎𝑏 24𝑎𝑏 4𝑏

−𝐵−√𝐷 −[−(9𝑎2 − 8𝑏2 )]−√(9𝑎2 +8𝑏2 )2 9𝑎2 – 8𝑏2 − 9𝑎2 − 8𝑏2 −16𝑎2 −2𝑏
β= 2𝐴
=
2× 12𝑎𝑏
=
24𝑎𝑏
=
24𝑎𝑏
=
3𝑎

3𝑎 −2𝑏
Thus, the roots of the equation are and .
4𝑏 3𝑎

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise 4.4
Page No: 199

Question 1: Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic

equations:
(i) 2x² – 8x + 5 = 0
(ii) 3x² – 2√𝟔 x + 2 = 0

T IO S
(iii) 5x² – 4x + 1 = 0

I
NO A D
(iv) 5x (x – 2) + 6 = 0

CO N
A
(v) 12x² – 4√𝟏𝟓 x + 5 = 0

PY
DO U A
(vi) x² – x + 2 = 0
T
ED PR

Solution:
(i)2x² – 8x + 5 = 0
C

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

©

which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 2, b = – 8, c = 5
Using Discriminant Formula:
D = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (– 8)2 – 4.2.5
= 64 – 40
= 24 > 0
Hence the roots of equation are real and unequal.
(ii) 3x² – 2√𝟔 x + 2 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 3, b = – 2√6, c = 2
Using Discriminant Formula:
D = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
2

T IO S
= (– 2√6) – 4.3.2

I
= 24 – 24
NO A D
CO N
=0
A

PY
Roots of equation are real and equal.
DO U A
T
ED PR

(iii) 5x² – 4x + 1 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
C

which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
©

a = 5, b = – 4, c = 1
Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
= (– 4)2 – 4.5.1
= 16 – 20
=–4<0
Equation has no real roots.

(iv) 5x (x – 2) + 6 = 0
5𝑥 2 – 10x + 6 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 5, b = – 10, c = 6
Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
= (– 10)2 – 4.5.6

T IO S
= 100 – 120

I
NO A D
= – 20 < 0

CO N
A
Equation has no real roots.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(v) 12x² – 4√𝟏𝟓 x + 5 = 0

12x² – 4√15 x + 5 = 0
C

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

©

which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 12, b = – 4√15, c = 5
Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
2
= (– 4√15) – 4.12.5
= 240 – 240
=0
Equation has real and equal roots.
(vi) x² – x + 2 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 1, b = – 1, c = 2
Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
= (– 1)2 – 4.1.2

T IO S
=1–8

I
NO A D
=–7<0

CO N
A
Equation has no real roots.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 2: If 𝒂 and 𝒃 are distinct real numbers, show that the

quadratic equation 2(a² + b²) x² + 2 (a + b) x + 1 = 0 has no real roots:
C

Solution:
©

2(a² + b²) x² + 2 (a + b) x + 1 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 2 (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ), b = 2(a + b), c = 1
Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
= [2(𝑎 + 𝑏)]2 – 4. 2 (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ). 1
= 4𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 + 8𝑎𝑏 – 8𝑎2 – 8𝑏 2
= – 4𝑎2 – 4𝑏 2 + 8𝑎𝑏
= – 4(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 – 2𝑎𝑏)
= – 4(𝑎 – 𝑏)2 < 0
Hence the equation has no real roots.

Question 3: Show that the roots of the equation x² + px – q² = 0 are

real for all real values of p and q
Solution:
x² + px – q² = 0

T IO S
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

I
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
NO A D
CO N
A
a = 1, b = p, c = -q²

PY
Using discriminant formula:
DO U A
T
D = b² – 4ac
ED PR

= (p)² – 4 x 1 x (-q²)
C

= p² + 4 q² > 0
©

Hence roots are real for all real values of p and q.

Question 4: For what values of k are the roots of the quadratic

equation 3x² + 2kx + 27 = 0 real and equal?
Solution:
3x² + 2kx + 27 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 3, b = 2k, c = 27
Find discriminant:
D = b² – 4ac
= (2𝑘)2 – 4 × 3 × 27
= (2𝑘)2 – 324 > 0
Roots are real and equal
Find the value of k:
(2𝑘)2 – 324 = 0
(2𝑘)2 – (18)2 = 0

T IO S I
(k)² – (9)2 = 0
NO A D
CO N
(k + 9) (k – 9) = 0
A
Either k + 9 = 0 or k – 9 = 0

PY
DO U A

k = -9 or k = 9
T
ED PR

Hence, the value of k is k = 9 or -9

C
©

Question 5: For what values of k are the roots of the quadratic

equation kx (𝒙 – 𝟐√𝟓) + 10 = 0 real and equal?
Solution:
kx (𝑥 – 2√5) x + 10 = 0

kx² – 2√5 kx + 10 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = k, b = -2√5 k, c = 10
Find discriminant:
D = b² – 4ac
= (−2𝑘)2 – 4 × k × 10 = 20k² – 40k
Since roots are real and equal (given), put D = 0
20k² – 40k = 0
k² – 2k = 0
k (k – 2) = 0
Either, k = 0 or k – 2 = 0

T IO S
Hence k = 0 or k = 2

I
NO A D
CO N
Question 6: For what values of p are the roots of the equation 4x² +
A
px + 3 = 0 real-and equal?

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

4x² + px + 3 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
C
©

a = 4, b = p, c = 3
Find discriminant:
D = b² – 4ac
= p² – 4 x 4 x 3
= p² - 48
Since roots are real and equal (given)
Put D = 0
p² – 48 = 0
2
p² = 48 = (±4√3)
 p = ± 4√3
Hence p= 4√3 or p = -4√3

Question 7: Find the nonzero value of k for which the roots of the
quadratic equation 9x² – 3kx + k – 0 are real and equal.
Solution:
9x² – 3kx + k = 0

T IO S I
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
NO A D
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

CO N
A
Here a = 9, b = -3k, c = k

PY
DO U A
Find discriminant:
T
D = b² – 4ac
ED PR

= (−3𝑘)2 – 4 × 9 × k
C

= 9k² – 36k
©

Since roots are real and equal (given)

Put D = 0
9k² – 36k = 0
9k (k – 4) = 0
Either, k = 0 or k – 4 = 0
As, value of k is non-zero:
So, k = 4

Question 8: (i) Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation
(3k + 1) x² + 2 (k + 1) x + 1 = 0 has real and equal roots
(ii) Find the value of k for which the equation x² + k (2x + k – 1) + 2 =
0 has real and equal roots
Solution:
(i) (3k + 1) x² + 2(k + 1) x + 1 = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = (3k + 1), b = 2(k + 1), c = 1

T IO S
Find discriminant:

I
D = b² – 4 ac
NO A D
CO N
A
2
= (2(𝑘 + 1)) – 4(3k + 1) × 1

PY
DO U A
= 4k² + 4 + 8k – 12k – 4
T
= 4k (k – 1)
ED PR

Since roots are real and equal (given)

C

Put D = 0
©

4k (k – 1) = 0
Either, k = 0 or k – 1 = 0
k = 0, k = 1

(ii) x² + k (2x + k – 1) + 2 = 0
Simplify above equation:
x² + 2kx + (k² – k + 2) = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
Here, a = 1, b = 2k, c = (k² – k + 2)
Find Discriminant:
D = b² – 4ac
= (2𝑘)2 – 4 × 1 × (k² – k + 2)
= 4k² – 4k² + 4k – 8
= 4k – 8
Since roots are real and equal (given)

T IO S
Put D = 0

I
4k – 8 = 0
NO A D
CO N
k=2
A
Hence, the value of k is 2.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 9: Find the values of p for which the quadratic equation (2p
+ 1) x² – (7p + 2) x + (7p – 3) = 0 has real and equal roots.
C

Solution:
©

(2p + 1) x² – (7p + 2) x + (7p – 3) = 0

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = (2p + 1), b = – (7p + 2) and c = (7p – 3)
Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
2
= (– (7𝑝 + 2)) – 4.(2p + 1).(7p – 3)
= (49𝑝2 + 28𝑝 + 4)– 4(14𝑝2 + 𝑝 – 3)
= 49𝑝2 + 28𝑝 + 4 – 56𝑝2 – 4𝑝 + 12
 = – 7p2 + 24p + 16
Since roots are real and equal (given)
Put D = 0
7𝑝2 – 24p – 16 = 0
7𝑝2 – 28p + 4p – 16 = 0
7p (p – 4) + 4(p – 4) = 0
(7p + 4) (p – 4) = 0

T IO S I
Either (7p + 4) = 0 or (p – 4) = 0
NO A D
CO N
4
p = − or p = 4
A
7

PY
DO U A
T
Question 10: Find the values of p for which the quadratic equation (p
ED PR

+ 1) x² – 6(p + 1) x + 3(p + 9) = 0, p ≠ -1 has equal roots: Hence, find

the roots of the equation.
C

Solution:
©

The given quadratic equation is

(p + 1) x² – 6(p + 1) x + 3(p + 9) = 0, p ≠ -1
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = (p + 1), b = – 6(p + 1) and c = 3(p + 9)
Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
2
= (−6(𝑝 + 1)) – 4.(p + 1).3(p + 9)
= 36(p + 1) (p + 1) – 12(p + 1) (p + 9)
= 12(p + 1) (3p + 3 – p – 9)
= 12(p + 1) (2p – 6)
Since roots are real and equal (given)
Put D = 0
12(p + 1) (2p – 6) = 0
either (p + 1) = 0 or (2p – 6) = 0
p = -1 or p = 3

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
Question 11: If -5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x² + px – 15 = 0
A
and the quadratic equation p (x² + x) + k = 0 has equal roots, find the

PY
value of k.
DO U A
T
Solution:
ED PR

Given: -5 is a root of the quadratic equation 2x² + px – 15 = 0

C

Substitute the value of x = -5

©

2(−5)2 + p(-5) – 15 = 0
50 – 5p – 15 = 0
35 – 5p = 0
p=7
Again,
In quadratic equation p (x² + x) + k = 0
7 (x² + x) + k = 0 (put value of p = 7)
7x² + 7x + k = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 7, b = 7, c = k
Find Discriminant:
D = b² – 4ac
= (7)2 – 4 × 7 × k
= 49 – 28k
Since roots are real and equal, put D = 0
49 – 28k = 0

T IO S I
28k = 49
NO A D
CO N
7
k=
A
4
7

PY
The value of k is
DO U A
4
T
ED PR

Question 12: If 3 is a root of the quadratic equation x² – x + k – 0, find

the value of p so that the roots of the equation x² + k (2x + k + 2) + p
C
©

= 0 are equal.
Solution:
Given: 3 is a root of equation x² – x + k = 0
Substitute the value of x = 3
(3)2 – (3) + k = 0
9–3+k=0
k = -6
Now, x² + k (2x + k + 2) + p = 0
x² + (-6) (2x – 6 + 2) + p = 0
x² – 12x + 36 – 12 + p = 0
x² – 12x + (24 + p) = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 1, b = -12, c = 24 + p
Find Discriminant:
D = b² – 4ac
= (−12)2 – 4 × 1 × (24 + p)

T IO S
= 144 – 96 – 4p

I
NO A D
= 48 – 4p

CO N
A
Since roots are real and equal, put D = 0

PY
DO U A
48 – 4p = 0
T
ED PR

4p = 48
p = 12
C

The value of p is 12.

©

Question 13: If -4 is a root of the equation x² + 2x + 4p = 0, find the

value of k for which the quadratic equation x² + px (1 + 3k) + 7 (3 +
2k) = 0 has equal roots.
Solution:
Given: -4 is a root of the equation x² + 2x + 4p = 0
Substitute the value of x = -4
(−4)2 + 2(-4) + 4p = 0
16 – 8 + 4p = 0
8 + 4p = 0
 4p = -8
or p = -2
In the quadratic equation x² + px (1 + 3k) + 7(3 + 2k) = 0
x² – 2x (1 + 3k) + 7(3 + 2k) = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = 1, b = -2 (1 + 3k), c = 7 (3 + 2k)

T IO S
Find Discriminant:

I
NO A D
D = b² – 4ac

CO N
A
2
= (−2(1 + 3𝑘)) – 4 × 1 × 7(3 + 2k)

PY
DO U A
= 4(1 + 9k² + 6k) – 28(3 + 2k)
T
ED PR

= 36k² – 32k – 80
Since roots are real and equal, put D = 0
C

36k² – 32k – 80 = 0
©

9k² – 8k – 20 = 0
9k² – 18k + 10k – 20 = 0
9k (k – 2) + 10(k – 2) = 0
(k – 2) (9k + 10) = 0
Either, k – 2 = 0 or 9k + 10 = 0
−10
k = 2 or k =
9

Question 14: If the quadratic equation (1 + m²) x² + 2mcx + c² – a² =

0 has equal roots, prove that c² = a² (1 + m²).
Solution:
(1 + m²) x² + 2mcx + c² – a² = 0
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = (1 + 𝑚2 ), b = 2mc and c = 𝑐 2 – 𝑎2
Since roots are equal, so D = 0
(2mc)2 – 4. (1 + m2) (c2 – a2) = 0

T IO S
4 m2c2 – 4c2 + 4a2 – 4 m2c2 + 4 m2a2 = 0

I
NO A D a2 + m2a2 = c2

CO N
A
or c2 = a2 (1 + m2)

PY
DO U A
Hence Proved
T
ED PR

Question 15: If the roots of the equation (c² – ab) x² – 2(a² – bc) x +
(b² – ac) = 0 are real and equal, show that either a = 0 or (a3+ b3 + c3)
C
©

= 3abc
Solution:
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = (𝑐 2 – 𝑎𝑏)b = – 2(𝑎2 – 𝑏𝑐)𝑐 = (𝑏 2 – 𝑎𝑐)
Since roots are equal, so D = 0
(– 2(a2 – bc)) 2 – 4(c2 – ab) (b2 – ac) = 0
4(a4 – 2a2bc + b2c2) – 4(b2c2 – ac3 – ab3 + a2bc) = 0
a4 – 3a2bc + ac3 + ab3 = 0
a (a3 – 3abc + c3 + b3) = 0
either a = 0 or (a3 – 3abc + c3 + b3) = 0
a = 0 or a3 + c3 + b3 = 3abc
Hence Proved.

Question 16: Find the values of p for which the quadratic equation
2x² + px + 8 = 0 has real roots.
Solution:

T IO S
2x² + px + 8 = 0

I
NO A D
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

CO N
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
A

PY
a = 2, b = p, c = 8
DO U A
T
Find D:
ED PR

D = b2 – 4ac
= p² – 4 × 2 × 8
C
©

= p² – 64
Since roots are real, so D ≥ 0
p² – 64 ≥ 0
p² ≥ 64 ≥ (±8)2
Either p ≥ 8 or p ≤ - 8

Question 17: Find the value of a for which the equation (α – 12) x² +
2(α – 12) x + 2 = 0 has equal roots.
Solution:
(α – 12) x² + 2(α – 12) x + 2 = 0
Roots of given equation are equal (given)
So, D = 0
4(α – 12) (α – 14) = 0
α – 14 = 0 {(α – 12) ≠ 0}
α = 14
Hence the value of α is 14

T IO S I
Question 18: Find the value of k for which the roots of 9x² + 8kx + 16
NO A D
= 0 are real and equal.

CO N
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
9x² + 8kx + 16 = 0
T
ED PR

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
C

a = 9, b = 8k, c = 16
©

Find D:
D = b² – 4ac
= (8𝑘)2 – 4 × 9 × 16
= 64k² – 576
Roots of given equation are equal (given)
So, D = 0
64k² – 576 = 0
64k² = 576
k² = 9
k = ±3
Answer: k = 3, k = -3

Question 19: Find the values of k for which the given quadratic
equation has real and distinct roots.
(i) kx² + 6x + 1 = 0
(ii) x² – kx + 9 = 0
(iii) 9x² + 3kx + 4 = 0

T IO S
(iv) 5x² – kx + 1 = 0

I
Solution: NO A D
CO N
A
Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

PY
which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
DO U A
T
(i) a = k, b = 6, c = 1
ED PR

For real and distinct roots, then D > 0

62 – 4k > 0
C
©

36 – 4k > 0
k<9
(ii)
a = 1, b = – k, c = 9
For real and distinct roots, then D > 0
(−𝑘)2 – 36 > 0
k > 6 or k < -6
(iii)
a = 9, b = 3k, c = 4
For real and distinct roots, then D > 0
(3𝑘)2 – 144 > 0
9𝑘 2 > 144
𝑘 2 > 16
k > 4 or k < – 4
(iv)
a = 5, b = – k, c = 1

T IO S
For real and distinct roots, then D > 0

I
𝑘 2 – 20 > 0
NO A D
CO N
𝑘 2 > 20
A
k > 2√5 or k < – 2√5

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

Question 20: If 𝒂 and 𝒃 are real and a ≠ b then show that the roots of
the equation (a – b) x² + 5(a + b) x – 2 (a – b) = 0 are real and unequal.
C

Solution:
©

Compare given equation with the general form of quadratic equation,

which is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
a = (a – b), b = 5(a + b), c = – 2(a – b)
Find Discriminant:
D = 𝑏 2 – 4ac
2
= (5(𝑎 + 𝑏)) – 4(𝑎 – 𝑏)(– 2(𝑎 – 𝑏))
= 25(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + 8(𝑎 – 𝑏)2
= 17(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + {8(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + 8(𝑎 – 𝑏)2 }
= 17(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + 16(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
Which is always greater than zero?
Equation has real and unequal roots.

Question 21: (i) If the roots of the equation (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )𝒙𝟐 −

𝒂 𝒄
𝟐(𝒂𝒄 + 𝒃𝒅)𝒙 + (𝒄𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐 ) = 𝟎 are equal, prove that = .
𝒃 𝒅

(ii) If ad ≠ bc then prove that the equation (𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )𝒙𝟐 −

𝟐(𝒂𝒄 + 𝒃𝒅)𝒙 + (𝒄𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐 ) = 𝟎 has no real roots.

T IO S
Solution:

I
(i) NO A D
CO N
A
It is given that the roots of the equation (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 2 − 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)𝑥 +

PY
(𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 ) = 0 are equal.
DO U A
T
∴𝐷=0
ED PR

⇒ [−2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)]2 − 4(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )(𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 ) = 0

C

⇒ 4(𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑) − 4(𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑2 + 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑2 ) = 0

©

⇒ 4(𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 − 𝑎2 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑2 − 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 − 𝑏 2 𝑑 2 ) = 0
⇒ (−𝑎2 𝑑2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 − 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 ) = 0 ⇒ −(𝑎2 𝑑2 − 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 + 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 ) = 0
⇒ (𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐)2 = 0
⇒ 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 = 0
⇒ 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐
⇒ 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑐𝑑
Hence Proved.

(ii)
Consider the equation (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑥 2 + 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑)𝑥 + (𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 ) = 0
On comparing the above equation with the general equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 +
𝑐, we get
𝑎 = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ), 𝑏 = 2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑), 𝑐 = (𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 )
We know that 𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
⇒ 𝐷 = {2(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑 )}2 − 4 × (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) × (𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 )
⇒ 𝐷 = {4(𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑑 )2 } − 4 × (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) × (𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 )

T IO S
⇒ 𝐷 = 4{𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑} − 4{𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑2 + 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑2 }

I
NO A D
⇒ 𝐷 = 4{𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 − 𝑎2 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑑2 + 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 𝑑2 }

CO N
A
⇒ 𝐷 = 4{−𝑎2 𝑑2 − 𝑏 2 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑} ⇒ 𝐷 = −4(𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐)2

PY
DO U A
Since, the value of D is negative, the given equation has no real roots.
T
ED PR

Question 22: If the roots of the equations 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 and

C

𝒃𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐√𝒂𝒄𝒙 + 𝒃 = 𝟎 are simultaneously real then prove that 𝒃𝟐 =

©

𝒂𝒄.
Solution:
It is given that the roots of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 are real.
∴ 𝐷1 = (2𝑏)2 − 4 × 𝑎 × 𝑐 ≥ 0
⇒ 4(𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐) ≥ 0
⇒ 𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0 ..... (1)
Also, the roots of the equation 𝑏𝑥 2 − 2√𝑎𝑐𝑥 + 𝑏 = 0 are real.
2
∴ 𝐷2 = (−2√𝑎𝑐) − 4 × 𝑏 × 𝑏 ≥ 0
⇒ 4(𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 2 ) ≥ 0
⇒ −4(𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐) ≥ 0
⇒ 𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐 ≤ 0 ..... (2)
The roots of the given equations are simultaneously real if (1) and (2)
holds true together. This is possible if
𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐 = 0
⇒ 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©