Models Of the Universe Center of the Universe Orbits of the Heavenly Body

Exodus Eudoxus' idea posited a Eudoxus of Cnidus, a Greek

spherical Earth as the astronomer and
universe's center mathematician, was the first
to propose a model of the
cosmos based on geometry
(c. 395 – 390 B.C.).
His model is made up of
27 concentric spheres,
with the Earth at its core.
The fixed stars, the Sun,
the Moon, and the planets
all have spheres. Each
sphere has a pole that
connects it to a bigger
sphere.
The daily rotation of the
heavens is accounted for by
the rotation of the spheres on
their poles once every 24
hours. It's uncertain if Eudoxus
considered these spheres to
be actual objects or merely
mathematical constructs.
Aristotle The Earth was spherical to The Earth is fixed in the center
Aristotle, who lived from 384 of the universe, according to
to 322 BC. Aristotle's orbital motion
theory, and all other celestial
bodies are attached to 47-55
translucent spheres that circle
around the Earth.
Aristarchus The term "heliocentric" refers The orbits are in the following
to a cosmos that is centered order: Moon, Mercury, Venus,
on the Sun. Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn,
with the Moon being the
closest to the Earth. A second
Greek philosopher, Aristarchus
of Samos (310-230BC),
proposed an alternative model
in which the Earth and the
planets execute uniform
circular orbits around the
 Sun--which is fixed
Ptolemy He thought the Earth was at The Earth was at the center of
the center of the Universe. Ptolemy's geocentric concept.
Ptolemy believed that the
cosmos was made up of nested
spheres that surrounded the
Earth, based on the information
he possessed. He believed that
the Moon was orbiting on a
sphere closest to the Earth,
followed by Mercury, then Venus
and then the Sun.
Copernicus Most people thought Earth Nicolaus Copernicus was an
was at the center of the astronomer who proposed a
cosmos during Copernicus' heliocentric system in which
lifetime. the planets orbit the Sun;
Earth is a planet that, in
addition to orbiting the Sun
annually, also rotates once
daily on its own axis; and the
precession of the equinoxes is
caused by very slow changes in
the direction of this axis.