Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

EXERCISE
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
tan A + sec A - 1 1 + sin A
Q1. Prove that: =
tan A - sec A + 1 cos A
tan A + sec A - 1
Sol. L.H.S.
tan A - sec A + 1
tan A + (sec A - 1)
=
tan A - (sec A - 1)
ÈÎ tan A + (sec A - 1) ˘˚ ÈÎ tan A + (sec A - 1) ˘˚
=
ÈÎ tan A - (sec A - 1) ˘˚ ÈÎ tan A + (sec A - 1) ˘˚
[Rationalizing the denominator]
2
ÎÈ tan A + (sec A - 1) ˘˚
=
tan 2 A - (sec A - 1)2
tan 2 A + (sec A - 1)2 + 2 tan A (sec A - 1)
=
tan 2 A - (sec 2 A + 1 - 2 sec A)
tan 2 A + sec 2 A + 1 - 2 sec A + 2 tan A sec A - 2 tan A
=
tan 2 A - sec 2 A - 1 + 2 sec A
2 2
sec A + sec A - 2 sec A + 2 tan A sec A - 2 tan A
=
- 1 - 1 + 2 sec A
2 sec 2 A - 2 sec A + 2 tan A sec A - 2 tan A
=
2 sec A - 2
sec 2 A - sec A + sec A tan A - tan A
=
sec A - 1
sec A (sec A - 1) + tan A (sec A - 1)
=
sec A - 1
(sec A - 1) (sec A + tan A)
=
(sec A - 1)
1 sin A
= sec A + tan A = +
cos A cos A
1 + sin A
= R.H.S. Hence proved.
cos A

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

2 sin a 1 - cos a + sin a

Q2. If = y , then prove that is
1 + cos a + sin a 1 + sin a
also equal to y.
Sol. Given that:
2 sin a
y =
1 + cos a + sin a
2 sin a 1 + sin a - cos a
= ¥
1 + cos a + sin a 1 + sin a - cos a
2 sin a (1 - cos a + sin a) 2 sin a (1 - cos a + sin a)
= 2 2 =
(1 + sin a) - cos a 1 + sin 2 a + 2 sin a - cos 2 a
2 sin a(1 - cos a + sin a) 2 sin a (1 - cos a + sin a)
= =
(1 - cos 2 a) + sin 2 a + 2 sin a
sin 2 a + sin 2 a + 2 sin a
2 sin a (1 - cos a + sin a) 2 sin a (1 - cos a + sin a)
= 2 =
2 sin a + 2 sin a 2 sin a (1 + sin a)
1 - cos a + sin a
=
1 + sin a
1 - cos a + sin a
\ = y. Hence proved.
1 + sin a
Q3. If m sin q = n sin (q + 2a), then prove that
m+n
tan (q + a).cot a = .
m-n
Sol. Given that: m sin q = n sin (q + 2a)
sin (q + 2a) m
 =
sin q n
Using componendo and dividendo theorem we get
sin (q + 2a) + sin q m+n
 =
sin (q + 2a) - sin q m-n
q + 2a + q ˆ q + 2a - q ˆ
2 sin Ê .cos Ê m+n
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
 =
q + 2a + q ˆ q + 2a - q ˆ m-n
2 cos Ê .sin Ê
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
È A+B A-B ˘
Í sin A + sin B = 2 sin 2 .cos 2 ˙
Í A+B A - B˙
Í sin A - sin B = 2 cos .sin ˙
ÎÍ 2 2 ˚˙

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

sin (q + a).cos a m+n

 =
cos (q + a).sin a m-n
m+n
 tan (q + a).cot a = . Hence proved.
m-n
4 5
Q4. If cos (a + b) = and sin (a – b) = , where a lies between 0
5 13
p
and , find the value of tan 2a.
4
Sol. Given that:
4 3
cos (a + b) = \ tan (a + b) =
5 4
5 5
and sin (a – b) = \ tan (a – b) =
13 12
Now tan 2a = tan [a + b + a – b]
= tan [(a + b) + (a – b)]
tan (a + b) + tan (a - b)
=
1 - tan (a + b).tan (a - b)
3 5 9+5
+
4 12 12 14 48 56
= 3 5 = 48 - 15 = 12 ¥ 33 = 33
1- ¥
4 12 48
56
Hence, tan 2a = .
33
b a+b a-b
Q5. If tan x = , then find the value of + .
a a-b a+b
b
Sol. Given that: tan x =
a
a+b a-b a+b a-b
+ = +
a-b a+b a-b a+b
a+b+a-b 2a 2a
= = =
( a - b)( a + b) 2
a -b 2
b2
a 1- 2
a
2 È b˘
= 2 ÍÎ tan x = a ˙˚
1 - tan x
2 2
= 2
=
sin x cos x - sin 2 x
2
1-
cos 2 x cos x

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

2 cos x
= [ cos2 x – sin­2 x = cos 2x]
cos 2 x
a+b a-b 2 cos x
Hence, + = .
a-b a+b cos 2 x
q 9q
Q6. Prove that: cos q cos - cos 3q cos = sin 7q sin 8q.
2 2
q 9q
Sol. L.H.S. cos q cos - cos 3q cos
2 2
1È q˘ 1 È 9q ˘
= Í 2 cos q cos ˙ - Í 2 cos 3q cos ˙
2Î 2˚ 2 Î 2˚
1È Ê qˆ Ê qˆ ˘ 1 È Ê 9q ˆ Ê 9q ˆ ˘
= Í cos q + + cos q - ˙ - Í cos 3q + + cos 3q -
2Î Ë 2 ¯ Ë ¯
2 ˚ 2Î Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯ ˙˚
1È 3q q 15q Ê - 3q ˆ ˘
= cos + cos - cos - cos Á
2 ÎÍ 2 2 2 Ë 2 ¯˜ ˚˙
1È 3q q 15q 3q ˘
= Í cos + cos - cos - cos ˙ [ cos (– q) = cos q]
2Î 2 2 2 2˚
1È q 15q ˘ 1È Ê q 15q ˆ Ê q 15q ˆ ˘
= Í cos - cos = Í - 2 sin Ë + .sin -
2Î 2 2 ˚ ˙ 2Î 2 2 ¯ Ë 2 2 ¯ ˚˙
= – sin 8q sin (– 7q) = sin 7q sin 8q [ sin (– q) = – sin q]
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.
Q7. If a cos q + b sin q = m and a sin q – b cos q = n then show that
a2 + b2 = m2 + n2.
Sol. Given that: a cos q + b sin q = m
and a sin q – b cos q = n
R.H.S. m2 + n2 = (a cos q + b sin q)2 + (a sin q – b cos q)2
= a2 cos2 q + b2 sin2 q + 2ab sin q cos q + a2 sin2 q
+ b2 cos2 q – 2ab sin q cos q
= a cos q + b sin q + a2 sin2 q + b2 cos2 q
2 2 2 2

= a2(cos2 q + sin2 q) + b2(sin2 q + cos2 q)

= a2.1 + b2.1 = a2 + b2 L.H.S.
LHS = RHS. Hence proved
Q8. Find the value of tan 22°30.
q
Sol. Let 22°30 =  \ q = 45°
2
q q q
q sin 2 sin cos
tan 22°30 = tan = 2 = 2 2 = sin q
2 q q 1 + cos q
cos 2 cos 2
2 2

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Put q = 45°
1
sin q sin 45∞ 2 = 1
\ = =
1 + cos q 1 + cos 45∞ 1 + 1 2 +1
2
(
1¥ 2 -1 ) = 2 -1
=
( )(
2 +1 2 -1 )
Hence, tan 22°30 = 2 - 1.
Q9. Prove that: sin 4A = 4 sin A cos3 A – 4 cos A sin3 A.
Sol. L.H.S. sin 4A = sin (A + 3A)
= sin A cos 3A + cos A sin 3A
= sin A(4 cos3 A – 3 cos A) + cos A(3 sin A – 4 sin3 A)
= 4 sin A cos3 A – 3 sin A cos A + 3 sin A cos A
– 4 cos A sin3 A
3 3
= 4 sin A cos A – 4 cos A sin A. R.H.S.
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.
Q10. If tan q + sin q = m and tan q – sin q = n then prove that m2 – n2
= 4 sin q tan q.
Sol. Given that: tan q + sin q = m and tan q – sin q = n
L.H.S. m2 – n2 = (m + n)(m – n)
= [(tan q + sin q) + (tan q – sin q)]. [(tan q + sin q)
– (tan q – sin q)]
= (tan q + sin q + tan q – sin q).(tan q + sin q – tan q
+ sin q)
= 2 tan q.2 sin q = 4 sin q tan q. R.H.S.
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.
p+q
Q11. If tan (A + B) = p, tan (A – B) = q, then show that tan 2A = .
1 - pq
Sol. Given that: tan (A + B) = p, tan (A – B) = q
tan 2A = tan (A + B + A – B) = tan [(A + B) + (A – B)]
tan (A + B) + tan (A - B)
=
1 - tan (A + B).tan (A - B)
p+q
= Hence proved.
1 - pq
Q12. If cos a + cos b = 0 = sin a + sin b, then prove that
cos 2a + cos 2b = – 2 cos (a + b).
Sol. Given that: cos a + cos b = 0
and sin a + sin b = 0
\ (cos a + cos b)2 – (sin a + sin b)2 = 0

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
 (cos a + cos b + 2 cos a cos b) – (sin2 a + sin2 b + 2 sin a sin b) = 0
2 2

 cos2 a + cos2 b + 2 cos a cos b – sin2 a – sin2 b – 2 sin a sin b = 0

 (cos2 a – sin2 a) + (cos2 b – sin2 b) + 2(cos a cos b – sin a sin b) = 0
 cos 2a + cos 2b + 2 cos (a + b) = 0
Hence, cos 2a + cos 2b = – 2 cos (a + b).
Hence proved.
sin ( x + y ) a+b tan x a
Q13. If = , then show that = .
sin ( x - y ) a-b tan y b
sin ( x + y ) a+b
Sol. Given that: =
sin ( x - y ) a-b
sin ( x + y ) + sin ( x - y ) a + b + a - b
 =
sin ( x + y ) - sin ( x - y ) a + b - a + b
(Using componendo and dividendo theorem)
Ê x + y + x - yˆ Ê x + y - x + yˆ
2 sin Á ˜ cos ËÁ
Ë 2 ¯ 2 ¯˜ 2a
 =
Ê x + y + x - y ˆ Ê x + y - x + y ˆ 2b
2 cos Á ˜¯ sin ÁË ˜¯
Ë 2 2
sin x .cos y a a
 =    tan x.cot y =
cos x .sin y b b
tan x a
 = . Hence proved.
tan y b
sin a - cos a
Q14. If tan q = , then show that sin a + cos a = 2 cos q.
sin a + cos a
sin a - cos a
Sol. Given that: tan q =
sin a + cos a
p
tan a - 1 tan a - tan
= 4
 tan q =
tan a + 1 1 + tan p tan a
4
Ê pˆ
 tan q = tan a -
Ë 4¯
p Ê pˆ
\ q = a -   cos q = cos a -
4 Ë 4¯
p p
 cos q = cos a cos + sin a sin
4 4
1 1
 cos q = cos a . + sin a .
2 2
 2 cos q = cos a + sin a
 sin a + cos a = 2 cos q. Hence proved.

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Q15. If sin q + cos q = 1, then find the general value of q.
Sol. Given that: sin q + cos q = 1
Dividing both sides by (1)2 + (1)2 = 2 , we get
1 1 1
sin q + cos q = ...(i)
2 2 2
p p 1
 sin sin q + cos cos q =
4 4 2
Ê p ˆ p
 cos Ë q - ¯ = cos
4 4
p p È If cos q = cos a ˘
 q - = 2np ± , n  Z Í
4 4 Î q = 2np ± a ˙˚
p p
 q = 2np ± +
4 4
p p p p
 q = 2np + +  or q = 2np - +
4 4 4 4
p
\ q = 2np +  or q = 2np, n  Z
2
p
Hence, the general values of q are 2np + and 2np.
2
Alternate method:
From eqn. (i) we get
p p p
cos sin q + sin cos q = sin
4 4 4
Ê p ˆ p
 sin q + = sin
Ë 4¯ 4
p n p È
If sin q = sin a ˘
 q + = np + ( - 1) . Í\ n ˙
4 4 Î q = np + ( - 1) . a ˚
n p p
 q = np + ( - 1) - .
4 4
p p
Hence, the general value of q is np + ( - 1)n
- , n  Z.
4 4
Q16. Find the most general value of q satisfying the equation
1
tan q = – 1 and cos q = .
2
1
Sol. Given that: tan q = – 1 and cos q =
2
tan q = – 1
Ê - pˆ
 tan q = tan ÁË ˜
4 ¯

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Ê pˆ 7p
 tan q = tan 2 p -   tan q = tan
Ë 4¯ 4
7p
\ q =
4
1 p
Now cos q =   cos q = cos
2 4
Ê pˆ
 cos q = cos Ë 2 p - ¯
4
7p
 cos q = cos
4
7p
\ q =
4
[tan q and cos q are positive in 4th quadrant]
7p
Hence, the most general value of q = 2np + .
4
Q17. If cot q + tan q = 2 cosec q, then find the general value of q.
Sol. Given that: cot q + tan q = 2 cosec q
cos q sin q 2
 + =
sin q cos q sin q
cos 2 q + sin 2 q 2
 =
sin q cos q sin q
1 2
 =
sin q cos q sin q
 2 sin q cos q = sin q
 2 sin q cos q – sin q = 0
 sin q(2 cos q – 1) = 0
1
 sin q  0 or 2 cos q – 1 = 0 or cos q =
p 2
 cos q = cos
3
p
\ q = 2np ±
3
p
Hence, the general values of q is 2np ± .
3
Q18. If 2 sin2 q = 3 cos q, where 0  q  2p, then find the value of q.
Sol. Given that: 2 sin2 q = 3 cos q
 2(1 – cos2 q) = 3 cos q
 2 – 2 cos2 q – 3 cos q = 0
 2 cos2 q + 3 cos q – 2 = 0

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 2 cos2 q + 4 cos q – cos q – 2 = 0

 2 cos q (cos q + 2) – 1(cos q + 2) = 0
 (cos q + 2) (2 cos q – 1) = 0
 cos q + 2 = 0 or 2 cos q – 1 = 0
 cos q  – 2 [– 1  cos q  1]
\ 2 cos q – 1 = 0
1
 cos q =
2
p Ê pˆ
 cos q = cos , cos ÁË 2 p - ˜¯
3 3
p 5p
 cos q = cos , cos
3 3
p
\ q = 2np ±
3
5p
and q = 2np ± (n  Z)
3
p 5p
Hence, the value of q are and .
3 3
p
Q19. If sec x cos 5x + 1 = 0, where 0 < x  , then find the value of x.
2
Sol. Given that: sec x cos 5x + 1 = 0
1
 .cos 5 x + 1 = 0
cos x
 cos 5x + cos x = 0
Ê 5 x + x ˆ Ê 5x - x ˆ
 2 cos Á .cos Á = 0
Ë 2 ˜¯ Ë 2 ˜¯
 cos 3x . cos 2x = 0
 cos 3x = 0 or cos 2x = 0
p p
 3x = or 2x =
2 2
p p
x = or x =
6 4
p p
Hence, the values of x are , .
6 4
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
Q20. If sin (q + a) = a and sin (q + b) = b, then prove that cos 2(a – b)
– 4ab cos (a – b) = 1 – 2a2 – 2b2.
Sol. Given that:
sin (q + a) = a and sin (q + b) = b
cos (a – b) = cos [q + a – q – b] = cos [(q + a) – (q + b)]

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
= cos (q + a) cos (q + b) + sin (q + a) sin (q + b)
= 1 - sin 2 (q + a) 1 - sin 2 (q + b) + a.b
2 2
= (1 - a )(1 - b ) + ab = ab + 1 - a 2 - b2 + a 2 b2
Now cos 2(a – b) – 4ab cos (a – b)
= 2 cos2 (a – b) – 1 – 4ab cos (a – b) [ cos 2q = 2 cos2 q – 1]
2
È 2 2 2 2˘ È 2 2 2 2˘
= 2 Î ab + 1 - a - b + a b ˚ - 1 - 4 ab Î ab + 1 - a - b + a b ˚
= 2 ÈÎ a b + 1 - a - b + a b + 2 ab 1 - a - b + a b ˘˚ - 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

- 4 a 2 b2 - 4 ab 1 - a 2 - b2 + a 2 b2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 2 a b + 2 - 2 a - 2b + 2 a b + 4 ab 1 - a - b + a b - 1
- 4 a 2 b2 - 4 ab 1 - a 2 - b2 + a 2 b2
= 1 – 2a2 – 2b2
Hence, cos 2 (a – b) – 4ab cos (a – b) = 1 – 2a2 – 2b2.
Hence proved.
1-m
Q21. If cos (q + f) = m cos (q – f), then prove that tan q = cot f.
1+m
Sol. Given that: cos (q + f) = m cos (q – f)
cos (q + f) m
 =
cos (q - f) 1
Using componendo and dividendo theorem, we get
cos (q + f) + cos (q - f) m + 1
=
cos (q + f) - cos (q - f) m - 1
Ê q + f + q - fˆ Ê q + f - q + fˆ
2 cos Á ˜¯ .cos ÁË ˜¯ m+1
Ë 2 2
 =
Ê q + f + q - fˆ Ê q + f - q + fˆ m-1
- 2 sin Á ˜ .sin Á ˜
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
cos q .cos f m + 1 m+1
 =   – cot q.cot f =
- sin q .sin f m-1 m-1
- cot f m+1 1+m
 = =-
tan q m-1 1-m
1-m
 tan q = cot f . Hence proved.
1+m
Q22. Find the value of the expression
È Ê 3p ˆ ˘ È Êp ˆ ˘
3 Í sin 4 Á - a ˜ + sin 4 (3p + a) ˙ - 2 Í sin 6 Á + a ˜ + sin 6 (5p - a) ˙
Î Ë 2 ¯ ˚ Î Ë 2 ¯ ˚

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
Sol. Given that:
È Ê 3p ˆ ˘ È Êp ˆ ˘
3 Í sin 4 Á - a ˜ + sin 4 (3p + a) ˙ - 2 Í sin 6 Á + a ˜ + sin 6 (5p - a) ˙
Î Ë 2 ¯ ˚ Î Ë2 ¯ ˚
= 3[ cos4 a + sin4 (p + a)] – 2[cos6 a + sin6 (p – a)]
= 3[cos4 a + sin4 a] – 2[cos6 a + sin6 a]
= 3[cos4 a + sin4 a + 2 sin2 a cos2 a – 2 sin2 a cos2 a]
– 2[(cos2 a + sin2 a)3 – 3 cos2 a sin2 a (cos2 a + sin2 a)]
= 3[(cos a + sin2 a)2 – 2 sin2 a cos2 a] – 2[1 – 3 cos2 a sin2 a]
2

= 3[1 – 2 sin2 a cos2 a] – 2[1 – 3 cos2 a sin2 a]

= 3 – 6 sin2 a cos2 a – 2 + 6 cos2 a sin2 a
=3–2=1
Hence, the value of the given expression is 1.
Q23. If a cos 2q + b sin 2q = c has a and b as its roots, then prove that
2b
tan a + tan b = .
a+c
Sol. Given that: a cos 2q + b sin 2q = c
2
È 1 - tan q ˘ È 2 tan q ˘
 aÍ 2 ˙
+bÍ 2 ˙
= c
ÍÎ 1 + tan q ˙˚ Î 1 + tan q ˚
 a – a tan2 q + 2b tan q = c(1 + tan2 q)
È 1 - tan 2 q 2 tan q ˘
Í cos 2q = 2
, sin 2q = ˙
ÎÍ 1 + tan q 1 + tan 2 q ˚˙
 a – a tan2 q + 2b tan q = c + c tan2 q
 a – a tan q + 2b tan q – c tan2 q – c = 0
2

 – (a + c) tan2 q + 2b tan q + (a – c) = 0
 (a + c) tan2 q – 2b tan q + (c – a) = 0
Since a and b are the roots of this equation
- ( - 2 b)
 tan a + tan b =
a+c
2b
 tan a + tan b = . Hence proved.
a+c
Q24. If x = sec f – tan f and y = cosec f + cot f, then show that
xy + x – y + 1 = 0.
Sol. Given that: x = sec f – tan f
and y = cosec f + cot f
xy + x – y + 1 = 0
L.H.S. xy + x – y + 1
= (sec f – tan f) (cosec f + cot f) + (sec f – tan f) – (cosec f
+ cot f) + 1

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Ê 1 sin f ˆ Ê 1 cos f ˆ Ê 1 sin f ˆ

= Á - + +Á -
Ë cos f cos f ¯ Ë sin f sin f ¯ Ë cos f cos f ¯˜
˜ Á ˜
Ê 1 cos f ˆ
-Á + +1
Ë sin f sin f ˜¯
Ê 1 - sin f ˆ Ê 1 + cos f ˆ 1 - sin f 1 + cos f
= Á + - +1
Ë cos f ˜¯ ÁË sin f ˜¯ cos f sin f
1 - sin f + cos f - sin f cos f sin f - sin 2 f - cos f - cos 2 f
= + +1
cos f sin f cos f sin f
1 - sin f + cos f - sin f cos f + sin f - cos f - (sin 2 f + cos 2 f)
+ sin f cos f
=
cos f sin f
1-1
= = 0. R.H.S.
cos f sin f
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.
8
Q25. If q lies in first quadrant and cos q = , then find the value
17
of cos (30° + q) + cos (45° – q) + cos (120° – q).
8
Sol. Given that: cos q =
17
2
Ê 8ˆ 64 289 - 64 225 15
\ sin q = 1- = 1- = = =
Ë 17 ¯ 289 289 289 17
But q lies in I quadrant.
15
\ sin q =
17
Now cos (30° + q) + cos (45° – q) + cos (120° – q)
= cos 30° cos q – sin 30° sin q + cos 45° cos q + sin 45° sin q
+ cos 120° cos q + sin 120° sin q
3 1 1 1 1 3
= cos q - sin q + cos q + sin q - cos q + sin q
2 2 2 2 2 2
Ê 3 3 ˆ 1 1
= ÁË cos q + sin q˜ - (sin q + cos q) + (cos q + sin q)
2 2 ¯ 2 2
3 1 1
= (cos q + sin q) - (sin q + cos q) + (cos q + sin q)
2 2 2
Ê 3 1 1 ˆ Ê 3 - 1 1 ˆ Ê 8 15 ˆ
= Á - + ˜¯ (cos q + sin q) = ÁË + ˜ +
Ë 2 2 2 2 2 ¯ Ë 17 17 ¯

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Ê 3 - 1 1 ˆ Ê 23 ˆ
= Á + ˜
Ë 2 2 ¯ Ë 17 ¯
23 Ê 3 - 1 1 ˆ
Hence, the required solution = Á + ˜.
17 Ë 2 2¯
Q26. Find the value of the expression
p 3p 5p 7p
cos 4 + cos 4 + cos 4 + cos 4
8 8 8 8
4 p 4 3p 4 5p 4 7p
Sol. cos + cos + cos + cos
8 8 8 8
4 p 3p Ê 3p ˆ 4Ê pˆ
= cos + cos 4 + cos 4 Á p - ˜ + cos ÁË p - ˜¯
8 8 Ë 8¯ 8
4 p 3 p 3 p p
= cos + cos 4 + cos 4 + cos 4
8 8 8 8
4 p 4 3p È 4 p 3p ˘
= 2 cos + 2 cos = 2 Í cos + cos 4
8 8 Î 8 8 ˙˚
È 4 p Ê p pˆ˘ È p p˘
= 2 Í cos + cos 4 Á - ˜ ˙ = 2 Í cos 4 + sin 4 ˙
Î 8 Ë 2 8¯˚ Î 8 8˚
È p p p p p p˘
= 2 Í cos 4 + sin 4 + 2 sin 2 .cos 2 - 2 sin 2 .cos 2 ˙
Î 8 8 8 8 8 8˚
ÈÊ p pˆ
2
p p˘
= 2 Í Á cos 2 + sin 2 ˜ - 2 sin 2 .cos 2 ˙
ÎÍ Ë 8 8¯ 8 8 ˚˙
È 2 p p˘ p p
= 2 Í1 - 2 sin cos 2 ˙ = 2 - 4 sin 2 .cos 2
Î 8 8˚ 8 8
Ê p pˆ2 Ê pˆ2
= 2 - Á 2 sin .cos ˜ = 2 - Ë sin ¯
Ë 8 8¯ 4
2
Ê 1 ˆ 1 3
= 2-Á =2- =
Ë 2 ˜¯ 2 2 3
Hence, the required value of the expression = .
2
Q27. Find the general solution of the equation
2 2
5 cos q + 7 sin q – 6 = 0
Sol. 5 cos2 q + 7 sin2 q – 6 = 0
 5 cos2 q + 7(1 – cos2 q) – 6 = 0
 5 cos2 q + 7 – 7 cos2 q – 6 = 0  – 2 cos2 q + 1 = 0
1
 2 cos2 q = 1  cos2 q =
2
2 p
 cos2 q = cos
4

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

p È If cos 2 q = cos 2 a ˘
\ q = np ±
4 ÍÎ\ q = np ± a ˙˚
p
Hence, the general solution of q = np ± , n  Z.
4
Q28. Find the general solution of the equation
sin x – 3 sin 2x + sin 3x = cos x – 3 cos 2x + cos 3x.
Sol. Given that: sin x – 3 sin 2x + sin 3x = cos x – 3 cos 2x + cos 3x
 (sin 3x + sin x) – 3 sin 2x = (cos 3x + cos x) – 3 cos 2x
3x + x ˆ Ê 3x - x ˆ
 2 sin Ê .cos - 3 sin 2 x
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
Ê 3x + x ˆ Ê 3x - x ˆ
= 2 cos Ë .cos - 3 cos 2 x
2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
 2 sin 2x.cos x – 3 sin 2x = 2 cos 2x .cos x – 3 cos 2x
 2 sin 2x cos x – 2 cos 2x.cos x = 3 sin 2x – 3 cos 2x
 2 cos x(sin 2x – cos 2x) = 3(sin 2x – cos 2x)
 2 cos x (sin 2x – cos 2x) – 3(sin 2x – cos 2x) = 0
 (sin 2x – cos 2x) (2 cos x – 3) = 0
 sin 2x – cos 2x = 0 and 2 cos x – 3  0 [ – 1  cos x  1]
sin 2 x
 - 1 = 0   tan 2x = 1
cos 2 x
p p np p
 tan 2x = tan    2x = np +  \ x = +
4 4 2 8
Hence, the general solution of the equation is
np p
x= + , n  Z.
2 8
Q29. Find the general solution of the equation
( ) ( )
3 - 1 cos q + 3 + 1 sin q = 2
Sol. ( ) (
Given that: 3 - 1 cos q + 3 + 1 sin q = 2 )
Put 3 - 1 = r sin a, 3 + 1 = r cos a
Squaring and adding, we get
r2 = 3 + 1 - 2 3 + 3 + 1 + 2 3
 r2 = 8  r = ± 2 2
Now the given equation can be written as
r sin a cos q + r cos a sin q = 2
 r (sin a cos q + cos a sin q) = 2
 2 2 sin (a + q) = 2
2 1
 sin (a + q) = =
2 2 2

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

p
 sin (a + q) = sin
4
n p
\ a + q = np + ( - 1) . ...(i)
4
r sin a 3 -1
Now =
r cos a 3 +1
p p
tan - tan
3 4
 tan a = p p
1 + tan .tan
4 3
Ê p pˆ
 tan a = tan ÁË - ˜¯
3 4
p p
 tan a = tan  \ a =
12 12
Putting the value of a in equation (i) we get
p n p
+ q = np + ( - 1) .
12 4
n p p
\ q = np + ( - 1) . -
4 12
Hence, the general solution of the given equation is
n p p
q = np + ( - 1) . - , nZ
4 12
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
Choose the correct answer out of the given four options in each of
the Exercises from 30 to 59 (M.C.Q.)
Q30. If sin q + cosec q = 2, then sin2 q + cosec2 q is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) 2 (d) None of these
Sol. Given that: sin q + cosec q = 2
Squaring both sides, we get
(sin q + cosec q)2 = (2)2
2 2
 sin q + cosec q + 2 sin q cosec q = 4
1
 sin2 q + cosec­2 q + 2 sin q  = 4
sin q
 sin2 q + cosec2 q + 2 = 4
 sin2 q + cosec2 q = 2
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q31. If f(x) = cos2 x + sec2 x then
(a) f(x) < 1 (b) f(x) = 1
(c) 2 < f(x) < 1 (d) f(x)  2

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
2 2
Sol. Given that: f(x) = cos x + sec x
We know that AM  GM
cos 2 x + sec 2 x
  cos 2 x .sec 2 x
2
cos 2 x + sec 2 x
  1  cos2 x + sec2 x  2
2
 f(x)  2
Hence, the correct option is (d).
1 1
Q32. If tan q = and tan f = , then the value of q + f is
2 3 p
p
(a) (b) p (c) 0 (d)
6 4
Sol. We know that
1 1 5
tan q + tan f +
tan (q + f) = = 2 3 = =16
1 - tan q tan f 1 1 5
1- ¥
2 3 6
p
 tan (q + f) = tan
4
p
\ q + f = . Hence the correct option is (d).
4
Q33. Which of the following is not correct?
1
(a) sin q = - (b) cos q = 1
5
1
(c) sec q = (d) tan q = 20
1 2
Sol. sin q = - is correct.  – 1  sin q  1
5
So (a) is correct.
cos q = 1 is correct.  cos 0° = 1
So (b) is correct.
1
sec q =   cos q = 2 is not correct.  – 1  cos q  1
2
Hence, (c) is not correct.
Q34. The value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° .... tan 89° is
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d) Not defined
2
Sol. Given that: tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° .... tan 89°
= tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° .... tan 45°.tan (90 – 44°).tan (90 – 43°)
...tan (90 – 1°)
= tan 1° cot 1°.tan 2°.cot 2°.tan 3°.cot 3° ... tan 89°.cot 89°

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
= 1.1.1.1 ... 1.1 = 1
Hence, the correct option is (b).
1 - tan 2 15∞
Q35. The value of is
1 + tan 2 15∞
3
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) 2
2
2
1 - tan 15∞
Sol. Given that:
1 + tan 2 15∞
Let q = 15° \ 2q = 30°
1 - tan 2 q
cos 2q =
1 + tan 2 q
1 - tan 2 15∞ 3 1 - tan 2 15∞
 cos 30° =    =
1 + tan 2 15∞ 2 1 + tan 2 15∞
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q36. The value of cos 1°.cos 2°.cos 3° ... cos 179° is
1
(a) (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) – 1
2
Sol. Given expression is cos 1°.cos 2°.cos 3° ... cos 179°
 cos 1°.cos 2°.cos 3° ... cos 90°.cos 91° ... cos 179°
 0 [ cos 90° = 0]
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q37. If tan q = 3 and q lies in third quadrant, then the value of
sin q is
1 1 3 3
(a) (b) - (c) - (d)
10 10 10 10
Sol. tan q = 3, q lies in third quadrant
-3
\ sin q = where q lies in third quadrant
10
Hence the correct option is (c).
Q38. The value of tan 75° – cot 75° is equal to
(a) 2 3 (b) 2 + 3 (c) 2 - 3 (d) 1
Sol. The given expression is tan 75° – cot 75°
tan 75° – cot 75° = tan 75° – cot (90 – 15°)
sin 75∞ sin 15∞
= tan 75° – tan 15° = -
cos 75∞ cos 15∞
sin 75∞ cos 15∞ - cos 75∞ sin 15∞
=
cos 75∞ cos 15∞
sin (75∞ - 15∞)
= 1
¥ 2 cos 75∞ cos 15∞
2

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

2 sin 60∞
=
cos (75∞ + 15∞) + cos (75∞ - 15∞)
3
2¥
2 3
= = =2 3
cos 90∞ + cos 60∞ 1
0+
2
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q39. Which of the following is correct?
(a) sin 1° > sin 1 (b) sin 1° < sin 1
p
(c) sin 1° = sin 1 (d) sin 1° = sin 1
180∞
Sol. We know that if q increases then the value of sin q also increases
È p ˘
So sin 1° < sin 1  1 radian = sin 1˙
ÎÍ 180 ˚
Hence the correct option is (b).
m 1
Q40. If tan a = , tan b = , then a + b is equal to
m+1 2m + 1
p p p p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 6 4
m 1
Sol. Given that tan a = and tan b =
m+1 2m + 1
m 1
+
tan a + tan b m + 1 2m + 1
tan (a + b) = =
1 - tan a tan b m 1
1- ¥
m + 1 2m + 1
2m2 + m + m + 1
( m + 1)(2 m + 1) 2m2 + 2m + 1
= ( m + 1)(2 m + 1) - m =
2m2 + 2m + m + 1 - m
( m + 1)(2 m + 1)
2m2 + 2m + 1
= =1
2m2 + 2m + 1
p p
 tan (a + b) = tan  \ a + b =
4 4
Hence, the correct option is (d).
Q41. The minimum value of 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 8 is
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 3
Sol. The given expression is 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 8
Let y = 3 cos x + 4 sin x + 8

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

 y – 8 = 3 cos x + 4 sin x
2 2
Minimum value of y – 8 =  (3)  (4)

 y – 8 =  9  16  5
 y = 8 – 5 = 3
So, the minimum value of the given expression is 3.
Hence, the correct option is (d).
Q42. The value of tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A is equal to
(a) tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(b) – tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(c) tan A tan 2A – tan 2A tan 3A – tan 3A tan A
(d) None of these
Sol. The given expression is tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A
tan 3A = tan (2A + A)
tan 2A + tan A
 tan 3A =
1  tan 2A tan A
 tan 3A(1 – tan 2A tan A) = tan 2A + tan A
 tan 3A – tan 3A tan 2A tan A = tan 2A + tan A
 tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A = tan 3A tan 2A tan A
Hence, the correct option is (a).
Q43. The value of sin (45° + q) – cos (45° – q) is
(a) 2 cos q (b) 2 sin q (c) 1 (d) 0
Sol. Given expression is sin (45° + q) – cos (45° – q)
sin (45° + q) = sin 45° cos q + cos 45° sin q
1 1
= cos q  sin q
2 2
cos (45° – q) = cos 45° cos q + sin 45° sin q
1 1
= cos q  sin q
2 2
sin (45° + q) – cos (45° – q)
1 1 1 1
= cos q  sin q  cos q  sin q
2 2 2 2
= 0. Hence, the correct option is (d).
   
Q44. The value of cot  q .cot  q is
4  4 
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) Not defined
 
cot cot q  1 cot cot q  1
    4  4
Sol. cot  q .cot q =  
4  4 
cot q  cot cot q  cot
4 4

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1.cot q - 1 1.cot q + 1
= ¥
cot q + 1 cot q - 1
cot q - 1 cot q + 1
= ¥ =1
cot q + 1 cot q - 1
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q45. cos 2q cos 2f + sin2 (q – f) – sin2 (q + f) is equal to
(a) sin 2 (q + f) (b) cos 2 (q + f)
(c) sin 2 (q – f) (d) cos 2 (q – f)
Sol. Given that: cos 2q cos 2f + sin2 (q – f) – sin2 (q + f)
cos 2q cos 2f + sin2 (q – f) – sin2 (q + f)
= cos 2q cos 2f + sin (q – f + q + f).sin (q – f – q – f)
[ sin2 A – sin2 B = sin (A + B).sin (A – B)]
= cos 2q cos 2f + sin 2q.sin (– 2f)
= cos 2q cos 2f – sin 2q sin 2f [ sin (– q) = – sin q]
= cos (2q + 2f) = cos 2 (q + f)
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q46. The value of cos 12° + cos 84° + cos 156° + cos 132° is
1 1 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) - (d)
2 2 8
Sol. The given expression is cos 12° + cos 84° + cos 156° + cos 132°
(cos 132° + cos 12°) + (cos 156° + cos 84°)
Ê 132∞ + 12∞ 132° – 12° ˆ Ê 156∞ + 84∞ 156° – 84° ˆ
= Á 2cos .cos ˜ + ËÁ 2cos .cos ˜¯
Ë 2 2 ¯ 2 2
= 2 cos 72°.cos 60° + 2 cos 120°.cos 36°
1 Ê 1ˆ
= 2 cos 72∞ ¥ + 2 ¥ - cos 36∞ = cos 72° – cos 36°
2 Ë 2¯
= cos (90° – 18°) – cos 36° = sin 18° – cos 36°
5 -1 5 +1 È 5 -1 5 + 1˘
= - Í sin 18∞ = , cos 36∞ = ˙
4 4 Î 4 4 ˚
5 -1- 5 -1 -1
= =
4 2
Hence, the correct option is (c).
1 1
Q47. If tan A = , tan B = , then tan (2A + B) is equal to
2 3
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
1 1
Sol. Given that: tan A = and tan B =
2 3

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1
2 tan A 2¥
= 2
tan 2A =
1 - tan 2 A 1 2
1-Ê ˆ
Ë 2¯
1 1 4
= = =
1 3 3
1-
4 4
4 1
So, tan 2A = and tan B =
3 3
4 1
+
tan 2A + tan B 3 3
tan (2A + B) = =
1 - tan 2A.tan B 1 - 4 ¥ 1
3 3
5
3 5 9
= 9 - 4 = ¥ = 3
3 5
9
Hence, the correct option is (c).
p 13p
Q48. The value of sin .sin is
10 10
1 1 1
(a) (b) - (c) - (d) 1
2 2 4
p 13p p Ê 3p ˆ
Sol. sin .sin = sin .sin ÁË p + ˜
10 10 10 10 ¯
p Ê 3p ˆ
= sin . Á - sin ˜ = – sin 18°.sin 54°
10 Ë 10 ¯
= – sin 18°.sin (90° – 36°) = – sin 18°.cos 36°
Ê 5 - 1ˆ Ê 5 + 1ˆ
= - Á
Ë 4 ˜¯ ÁË 4 ˜¯
È 5 -1 5 + 1˘
Í sin 18∞ = , cos 36∞ = ˙
Î 4 4 ˚
Ê 5 - 1ˆ 1
= - ÁË ˜¯ = -
16 4
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q49. The value of sin 50° – sin 70° + sin 10° is equal to
1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 2
2
Sol. Given expression is sin 50° – sin 70° + sin 10°

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

50∞ + 70∞ 50∞ - 70∞

(sin 50° – sin 70°) + sin 10° = 2cos .sin + sin10°
2 2
= 2 cos 60°.(– sin 10°) + sin 10°
1
= - 2 ¥ sin 10∞ + sin 10∞
2
= – sin 10° + sin 10°
= 0
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q50. If sin q + cos q = 1, then the value of sin 2q is equal to
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 0 (d) – 1
2
Sol. Given that: sin q + cos q = 1
 (sin q + cos q)2 = (1)2
2 2
 sin q + cos q + 2 sin q cos q = 1
 1 + sin 2q = 1  sin 2q = 1 – 1 = 0
Hence, the correct option is (c).
p
Q51. If a + b = , then the value of (1 + tan a)(1 + tan b) is
(a) 1 4 (b) 2 (c) – 2 (d) Not defined
p
Sol. Given that: a + b =
4
tan a + tan b
 = 1
1 - tan a tan b
 tan a + tan b = 1 – tan a tan b
 tan a + tan b + tan a tan b = 1
 1 + tan a + tan b + tan a tan b = 1 + 1
 1(1 + tan a) + tan b (1 + tan a) = 2
 (1 + tan a)(1 + tan b) = 2
Hence, the correct option is (b).
4
Q52. If sin q = - and q lies in third quadrant then the value of
5
q
cos is
2
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) - (c) - (d)
5 10 15 10
4
Sol. Given that: sin q = - , q lies in third quadrant
5
2 Ê 4ˆ2
cos q = 1 - sin q = 1 - Á-
Ë ˜
5¯

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

16 9 +3
= 1 - = =
25 25 - 5
3
\ cos q = - , q lies in third quadrant
5
q È 3p p q 3p ˘
cos q = 2 cos 2 - 1 Í p < q < ,\ < <
2 Î 2 2 2 4 ˙˚
-3 q
 = 2 cos 2 - 1
5 2
q 3 2 q 2 1
 2 cos 2 = 1 - =    cos 2 = =
2 5 5 2 5¥2 5
q 1
 cos = ±
2 5
q 1 È p q 3p ˘
 cos = -
2 5 ÍÎ 2 < 2 < 4 ˙˚
Hence, the correct option is (c).
Q53. Number of solutions of the equation tan x + sec x = 2 cos x
lying in the interval [0, 2p] is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Sol. Given equation is tan x + sec x = 2 cos x
sin x 1
 + = 2 cos x
cos x cos x
 1 + sin x = 2 cos2 x   2 cos2 x – sin x – 1 = 0
 2(1 – sin x) – sin x – 1 = 0   2 – 2 sin2 x – sin x – 1 = 0
2

 – 2 sin2 x – sin x + 1 = 0   2 sin2 x + sin x – 1 = 0

Since, the equation is a quadratic equation in sin x. So it will
have 2 solutions.
Hence, the correct option is (c).
p p 2p 5p
Q54. The value of sin + sin + sin + sin is
18 9 9 18
7p 4p
(a) sin + sin (b) 1
18 9
p 3p p p
(c) cos + cos (d) cos + sin
6 7 9 9
p p 2p 5p
Sol. The given expression is sin + sin + sin + sin
18 9 9 18
Ê 5p pˆ Ê 2p pˆ
= ËÁ sin + sin ˜ + Á sin + sin ˜
18 18 ¯ Ë 9 9¯

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Ê 5p + p ˆ Ê 5p - p ˆ Ê 2p + p ˆ Ê 2p - p ˆ
Á ˜ Á ˜ Á ˜ Á ˜
= 2 sin Á 18 18 ˜ .cos Á 18 18 ˜ + 2 sin Á 9 9 ˜ .cos Á 9 9 ˜
Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯ Ë 2 ¯
p p p p
= 2 sin .cos + 2 sin .cos
6 9 6 18
1 p 1 p p p
= 2 ¥ cos + 2 ¥ cos = cos + cos
2 9 2 18 9 18
Ê p pˆ Êp p ˆ 7p 8p
= sin Á - ˜ + sin Á - ˜ = sin + sin
Ë 2 9¯ Ë 2 18 ¯ 18 18
7p 4p
= sin + sin . Hence, the correct option is (a).
18 9
Q55. If A lies in the second quadrant and 3 tan A + 4 = 0, then the
value of 2 cot A – 5 cos A + sin A is equal to
- 53 23 37 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 10 10 10
Sol. Given that: 3 tan A + 4 = 0, A lies in second quadrant
-4
\ tan A =
3
-3
cos A =
5
[A lies in second quadrant]

4 -3
and sin A =  and cot A =
5 4
Ê - 3 ˆ Ê - 3 ˆ 4
\ 2 cot A – 5 cos A + sin A = 2 ÁË ˜ - 5 ÁË ˜+
4 ¯ 5 ¯ 5
-3 4 - 15 + 30 + 8 23
= +3+ = =
2 5 10 10
Hence, the correct option is (b).
Q56. The value of cos2 48° – sin2 12° is
5 +1 5 -1 5 +1 5 +1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 8 5 2 2
2 2
Sol. Given expression is cos 48° – sin 12°
cos2 48° – sin2 12° = cos (48° + 12°).cos (48° – 12°)
[ cos2 A – sin2 B = cos (A + B).cos (A – B)]
1 5 +1 5 +1
= cos 60°.cos 36° = ¥ =
2 4 8
Hence, the correct option is (a).

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1 1
Q57. If tan a = , tan b = then cos 2a is equal to
7 3
(a) sin 2b (b) sin 4b (c) sin 3b (d) cos 3b
1 1
Sol. Given that: tan a = and tan b =
7 3
1 2 1
2 1-Ê ˆ 1-
1 - tan a Ë7¯ 49
cos 2a = = =
1 + tan 2 a Ê 1ˆ2 1 + 1
1+ 49
Ë7¯
48 24
= =
50 25
1 2
2 tan b 2¥
= 3 = 3 = 2¥9 = 3
Now tan 2b =
1 - tan 2 b 1 - 1 8 3 8 4
9 9
3
\ tan 2b =
4
2 tan 2b
sin 4b =
1 + tan 2 2b
3 3
2¥
4 = 2 3 16 24
= = ¥ =
Ê 3ˆ
2 9 2 25 25
1+Á ˜ 1+
Ë 4¯ 16
24
cos 2a = sin 4b =
25
Hence, the correct option is (b).
a
Q58. If tan q = , then b cos 2q + a sin 2q is equal to
b a
(a) a (b) b (c) (d) None
a b
Sol. Given that: tan q =
b
È 1 - tan 2 q ˘ È 2 tan q ˘
b cos 2q + a sin 2q = b Í 2 ˙
+ aÍ 2 ˙
ÍÎ 1 + tan q ˙˚ Î 1 + tan q ˚
È a2 ˘ È 2a ˘
Í1 - ˙ Í ˙
= b Í b2 ˙ + aÍ b 2 ˙
Í a2 ˙ Í1 + a ˙
ÍÎ 1 + b2 ˙˚ ÍÎ b2 ˙˚

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

È 2a 2 ˘
Èb - a ˘ Í b
2 2 ˙
= b Í 2 ˙+Í ˙
Î b + a2 ˚ Í b2 + a2 ˙
ÍÎ b2 ˙˚

b3 - a2 b 2a2 b b3 - a2 b + 2a2 b
= + =
b2 + a2 b2 + a2 b2 + a2
b3 + a 2 b b(b2 + a 2 )
= = 2 =b
b2 + a2 b + a2
Hence, the correct option is (b).
1
Q59. If for real value of x, cos q = x + then
x
(a) q is an acute angle (b) q is right angle
(c) q is an obtuse angle (d) No value of q is possible
1 x2 + 1
Sol. Given that: cos q = x +   cos q =
x x
 x + 1 = x cos q   x2 – x cos q + 1 = 0
2

For real value of x, b2 – 4ac  0

 (– cos q)2 – 4  1  1  0
 cos2 q – 4  0   cos2 q  4
 cos q  ± 2 [– 1  cos q  1]
So, the value of q is not possible.
Hence, the correct option is (d).
Fill in the Blanks in Each of the Exercises 60 to 67.
sin 50∞
Q60. The value of is ................
sin 130∞
sin 50∞ sin 50∞ sin 50∞
Sol. = = =1
sin 130∞ sin (180 ∞ - 50 ∞) sin 50∞
Hence, the value of filler is 1.
Êpˆ Ê 5p ˆ Ê 7p ˆ
Q61. If k = sin ÁË ˜¯ sin ÁË ˜¯ sin ÁË ˜¯ , then the numerical value of
18 18 18
k is ................
Êpˆ Ê 5p ˆ Ê 7p ˆ
Sol. Given that: k = sin ÁË ˜¯ sin ÁË ˜¯ sin ÁË ˜¯
18 18 18
 k = sin 10°. sin 50°. sin 70°
 k = sin 10° sin (90° – 40°) sin (90° – 20°)
 k = sin 10° cos 40° cos 20°
1
 k = sin 10∞ . [2 cos 40∞ cos 20∞]
2

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1
 k = sin 10∞ . [cos (40∞ + 20∞) + cos (40∞ - 20∞)]
2
1
 k = sin 10∞ [cos 60∞ + cos 20∞]
2
1 Ê1 ˆ
 k = sin 10∞ Ë + cos 20∞¯
2 2
1 1
 k = sin 10∞ + sin 10∞ .cos 20∞
4 2
1 1
 k = sin 10∞ + (2 sin 10∞ cos 20∞)
4 4
1 1
 k = sin 10∞ + [sin (10∞ + 20∞) + sin (10∞ - 20∞)]
4 4
1 1
 k = sin 10∞ + [sin 30∞ + sin ( - 10∞)]
4 4
1 1 1
 k = sin 10∞ + sin 30∞ - sin 10∞
4 4 4
1 1 1 1
 k = sin 30∞ = ¥ =
4 4 2 8
1
Hence, the value of the filler is .
8
1 - cos B
Q62. If tan A = , then tan 2A = ...............
sin B
1 - cos B
Sol. Given that: tan A =
sin B
Ê 1 - cos B ˆ
2Á
2 tan A Ë sin B ˜¯
tan 2A = =
1 - tan 2 A Ê 1 - cos B ˆ
2
1-Á
Ë sin B ˜¯
Ê 2 sin 2 B/2 ˆ
2Á ˜
Ë 2 sin B/2 cos B/2 ¯ È 1 - cos B = 2 sin 2 B/2 ˘
= Í
Ê 2 sin 2 B/2 ˆ
2
Î sin B = 2 sin B/2 cos B/2 ˙˚
1-Á ˜
Ë 2 sin B/2 cos B/2 ¯
Ê sin B/2 ˆ
2Á
Ë cos B/2 ˜¯ 2 tan B/2
= 2 = = tan B
Ê sin B/2 ˆ 1 - tan 2 B/2
1-Á
Ë cos B/2 ˜¯

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11
So, tan 2A = tan B
Hence, the value of the filler is tan B.
Q63. If sin x + cos x = a then,
(i) sin6 x + cos6 x = ....... (ii) sin x - cos x
Sol. Given that: sin x + cos x = a
(sin x + cos x)2 = a2
 sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x = a2
 1 + 2 sin x cos x = a2
a2 - 1
 sin x cos x = ...(i)
2
(i) sin6 x + cos6 x = (sin2 x)3 + (cos2 x)3
= (sin2 x + cos2 x)3 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x(sin2 x + cos2 x)
2
3
Ê a2 - 1ˆ 3( a 2 - 1)2
= (1) - 3 Á ˜ .1 = 1 -
Ë 2 ¯ 4
1 2 2
= [4 - 3( a - 1) ]
4
1
Hence, the value of the filler is [4 - 3(a2 - 1)2 ]
4
(ii) sin x - cos x 2 = sin2 x + cos2 x – 2 sin x cos x
Ê a2 - 1ˆ
= 1 - 2 Á = 1 – (a2 – 1) = 1 – a2 + 1
Ë 2 ˜¯
= 2 – a2
\ sin x - cos x = 2 - a 2 ÈÎ sin x - cos x > 0 ˘˚
Hence, the value of the filler is 2 - a2 .
Q64. In a DABC with C = 90°, the equation whose roots are tan A
and tan B is ...............
Sol. Given a DABC with C = 90°
So, the equation whose roots are tan A and tan B is
x2 – (tan A + tan B)x + tan A.tan B = 0
A + B = 90° [ C = 90°]
 tan (A + B) = tan 90°
tan A + tan B 1
 =
1 - tan A tan B 0
 1 – tan A tan B = 0
 tan A tan B = 1 ...(i)
sin A sin B
Now tan A + tan B = +
cos A cos B

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

sin A cos B + cos A sin B

=
cos A cos B
sin(A + B) sin 90∞
= =
cos A cos B cos A.cos (90∞ - A)
1
=
cos A sin A
2 2
\ tan A + tan B = = ...(ii)
2 sin A cos A sin 2A
From (i) and (ii) we get
Ê 2 ˆ
x2 - Á x + 1 = 0
Ë sin 2A ˜¯
2 ˆ
Hence, the value of the filler is x 2 - ÁÊ x + 1 = 0.
Ë sin 2A ˜¯
Q65. 3(sin x – cos x)4 + 6(sin x + cos x)2 + 4(sin6 x + cos6 x) = ............
Sol. Given expression is
3(sin x – cos x)4 + 6(sin x + cos x)2 + 4(sin6 x + cos6 x)
= 3[sin2 x + cos2 x – 2 sin x cos x]2 + 6(sin2 x + cos2 x + 2 sin x cos x)
+ 4 [(sin2 x)3 + (cos2 x)3]
= 3[1 – 2 sin x cos x] + 6(1 + 2 sin x cos x) + 4[(sin2 x + cos2 x)3
2

– 3 sin2 x cos2 x (sin2 x + cos2 x)]

2 2
= 3[1 + 4 sin x cos x – 4 sin x cos x] + 6(1 + 2 sin x cos x)
+ 4[1 – 3 sin2 x cos2 x]
2 2
= 3 + 12 sin x cos x – 12 sin x cos x + 6 + 12 sin x cos x
+ 4 – 12 sin2 x cos2 x
= 3 + 6 + 4 = 13
Hence, the value of the filler is 13.
2
Q66. Given x > 0, the values of f(x) = - 3 cos 3 + x + x lie in the
interval ................
2
Sol. Given that: f(x) = - 3 cos 3 + x + x
Put 3 + x + x 2 = y
\ f(x) = – 3 cos y
 – 1  cos y  1
3  – 3 cos y  – 3
 – 3  – 3 cos y  3
\ – 3  - 3 cos 3 + x + x 2  3, x > 0
Hence, the value of the filler is [– 3, 3].
Q67. The maximum distance of a point on the graph of the function
y = 3 sin x + cos x from x-axis is ...............

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Sol. Given that y = 3 sin x + cos x ...(i)

\ The maximum distance from a point on the graph of eqn. (i)
from x-axis
= ( 3)2 + (1)2 = 3 + 1 = 2 .
Hence, the value of the filler is 2.
State True or False for the Statements in Each of the Exercises 68 to 76.
1 - cos B
Q68. If tan A = , then tan 2A = tan B.
sin B
1 - cos B 2 sin 2 B/2 B
Sol. Given that: tan A = = = tan
sin B 2 sin B/2 cos B/2 2
2 tan A 2 tan B/2
tan 2A = =
1 - tan 2 A 1 - tan 2 B/2
\ tan 2A = tan B
Hence, the statement is ‘True’.
Q69. The equality sin A + sin 2A + sin 3A = 3 holds for some real
value of A.
Sol. Given that: sin A + sin 2A + sin 3A = 3
Since the maximum value of sin A is 1 but for sin 2A and
sin 3A it is not equal to 1. So it is not possible.
Hence, the given statement is ‘False’.
Q70. Sin 10° is greater than cos 10°
Sol. If sin 10° > cos 10°
 sin 10° > cos (90° – 80°)
 sin 10° > sin 80° which is not possible.
Hence, the statement is ‘False’.
2p 4p 8p 16 p 1
Q71. cos .cos .cos .cos =
15 15 15 15 16
2p 4p 8p 16 p
Sol. L.H.S. cos .cos .cos .cos
15 15 15 15
= cos 24°.cos 48°.cos 96°.cos 192°
1
= [(2 sin 24∞ cos 24∞)(2 cos 48∞)(2 cos 96∞)(2 cos192∞)]
16 sin 24∞
1
= [sin 48∞.2 cos 48∞ (2 cos 96∞)(2 cos 192∞)]
16 sin 24∞
1
= [2 sin 48∞ cos 48∞ (2 cos 96∞)(2 cos 192∞)]
16 sin 24∞
1
= [sin 96∞(2 cos 96∞)(2 cos 192∞)]
16 sin 24∞

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

1
= [2 sin 96∞ .cos 96∞ (2 cos 192∞)]
16 sin 24∞
1
= [sin 192∞.(2 cos 192∞)]
16 sin 24∞
1
= 2 sin 192∞ cos 192∞
16 sin 24∞
1 1
= sin 384∞ = sin(360∞ + 24∞)
16 sin 24∞ 16 sin 24∞
1
= ¥ sin 24∞ [sin (360° + q) = sin q]
16 sin 24∞
1
= R.H.S.
16
Hence, the given statement is ‘True’.
Q72. One value of q which satisfies the equation
sin4 q – 2 sin2 q – 1 = 0 lies between 0 and 2p.
Sol. Given equation is
sin4 q – 2 sin2 q – 1 = 0
- ( - 2) ± ( - 2)2 - 4 ¥ 1 ¥ - 1
sin2 q =
2¥1
2± 4+4 2± 8 2±2 2
= = =
2 2 2
= 1 ± 2
\ 2
( ) ( )
sin q = 1 + 2 or 1 - 2  – 1  sin q  1
 (
sin2 q  1 but sin2 q = 1 + 2 or 1 - 2 ) ( )
Which is not possible.
Hence, the given statement is ‘False’.
p
Q73. If cosec x = 1 + cot x, then x = 2np, 2np + .
2
Sol. Given that: cosec x = 1 + cot x
1 cos x
 = 1 +
sin x sin x
1 sin x + cos x
 =
sin x sin x
 sin x + cos x = 1
1 1 1
 sin x + cos x =
2 2 2

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

p p 1
 sin sin x + cos cos x =
4 4 2
Ê p ˆ 1
 cos x - =
Ë 4¯ 2
Ê pˆ p
 cos x - = cos
Ë 4 ¯ 4
p p p
x = 2np + +   x = 2np +
4 4 2
p p
or x = 2np + -   x = 2np
4 4
Hence, the given statement is ‘True’.
np p
Q74. If tan q + tan 2q + 3 tan q tan 2q = 3 then q = + .
3 9
Sol. Given that: tan q + tan 2q + 3 tan q tan 2q = 3
 tan q + tan 2q = 3 - 3 tan q tan 2q
 tan q + tan 2q = 3 (1 - tan q tan 2q)
tan q + tan 2q
 = 3
1 - tan q tan 2q
 tan (q + 2q) = 3
p p
 tan 3q = tan  \ 3q = np +
3 3
np p
So q = +
3 9
Hence, the given statement is ‘True’.
Ê pˆ 1
Q75. If tan (p cos q) = cot (p sin q), then cos q - =± .
Ë 4 ¯ 2 2
Sol. Given that: tan (p cos q) = cot (p sin q)
Êp ˆ
 tan (p cos q) = tan - p sin q
Ë2 ¯
p
 p cos q = - p sin q
2
p
 p cos q + p sin q =
2
1
 cos q + sin q =
2
1 1 1
 cos q + sin q =
2 2 2 2
p p 1
 cos cos q + sin sin q =
4 4 2 2

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 Chapter 3 - Trigonometric Functions NCERT Exemplar - Class 11

Ê pˆ 1 È Ê pˆ Êp ˆ˘
 cos q - = ± Í cos q - or cos -q ˙
Ë 4 ¯ 2 2 Î Ë 4 ¯ Ë 4 ¯˚
Hence, the given statement is ‘True’.
Q76. In the following matches each of the item given under the
column C1 to its correct answer given under the column C2.
(a) sin (x + y) sin (x – y) (i) cos2 x – cos2 y
1 - tan q
(b) cos (x + y) cos (x – y) (ii)
1 + tan q
Êp ˆ 1 + tan q
(c) cot +q (iii)
Ë4 ¯ 1 - tan q
Êp ˆ
(d) tan
Ë4
+q
¯ (iv) sin2 x – sin2 y

Sol. (a) sin (x + y) sin (x – y) = sin2 x – sin2 y

\ (a)  (iv)
(b) cos (x + y) cos (x – y) = cos2 x – cos2 y
\ (b)  (i)
p
cot cot q - 1
Ê p ˆ 4
(c) cot + q =
Ë4 ¯ p
cot q + cot
4
cot q - 1 1 - tan q
= =
cot q + 1 1 + tan q
\ (c)  (ii)
p
tan + tan q 1 + tan q
Êp ˆ 4
(d) tan + q = =
Ë4 ¯ p 1 - tan q
1 - tan tan q
4
\ (d)  (iii)
Hence, (a)  (iv), (b)  (i), (c)  (ii) and (d)  (iii).

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