EGGSHELLS AS AN INGREDIENT TO PRODUCE CHALKS

A Science Investigatory Project

Presented to the Board and Faculty of
Burauen Comprehensive National High School
Burauen, Leyte

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Course Subject:
Practical Research II

by:
Aspuria, Gabrielle L.
Astorga, Lovely Grace M.
Avila, Alexis Kieth C.
Bibar, Nicole T.
Cumpio, Venice Dhabie Kyzyl M.
Relatorres, John April B.

Jeannymae D. Renomeron
Research Adviser

April 20
 Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE...........................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT...........................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study........................................................................................4
Statement of the Problem......................................................................................4
Hypotheses………………………………………………………………………………4
Objectives of the study………………………………………………………………….5
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework………………………………..…………….6

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Foreign Literature…………………………………………..…………….…..7
National Literature………………………………………………………..…..7
Local Literature………………………………………………….…...……....8
Related Studies………………………………...…………………..………...8

CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY

Research design...................................................................................................9
Materials……………………………………………………………………………. 11
Procedure............................................................................................................12
Participants of the Study.....................................................................................14
Sampling Procedure............................................................................................16
Instrumentation....................................................................................................17
Data Gathering Method.......................................................................................19
Statistical Treatment……………….………………………………………………....20

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CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results and Discussions………………………………………………………….

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusions………………………………………………………………………
Recommendation…………………………………………………………

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................

This research is about eggshells made to chalks. This experiment is conducted

to find out if eggshells can be used as the main ingredient in converting it into
chalks

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 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Chalk is a soft, white, poriferous aqueous rock, a form of limestone

composed of the mineral calcite, an atomic number 20 carbonate, or CaCO3
which comprises more than 4% of the earth’s pertness and is found (James
2011).

Traditionally chalk has been used for drawing and writing. As we

commonly see, chalks are used by teachers in school for them to be able to write
something for their discussions in the chalkboard which is made of wood. First
attested use of chalk on chalkboard in the United States dated back September
21, 1801, in a lecture course in Mathematics given by George Baron. Chalk
serves as a 'marking tool in wood, cement and even on cloth. Some tend to use
chalks rather than whiteboard and whiteboard markers because it is more
affordable at its price.

An eggshell is the hard, outer covering of an egg. It consists mostly of

calcium carbonate, a common form of calcium. The rest is made up of protein
and other minerals.

Eggshells to chalk will be experimented so we can be able to have it

homemade ones, and it is much cheaper. Another thing is, eggshells are mostly
being thrown away so why can't we try to make use of it to become chalks in
such an easy and noncomplicated steps.

This research is about eggshells made to chalks. This experiment is

conducted to find out if eggshells can be used as the main ingredient in
converting it into chalks. This study was conducted by researchers caused by
price hike of school supplies and instead of someone who wants to use chalk
could not anymore go out just to buy some at the store they can just have them
homemade. The objective of this research is to have the outcome of a chalk that
is cheaper and the ones who share same the same characteristics as the
commercial chalks with the use of eggshells. Researchers are going to compare

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their product to the commercial chalks that can be bought in the market. The
chalks made from eggshells can be used for educational purposes by teachers,
students and other sectors who wish to use this product.

Researchers have used eggshells because instead of throwing them why

not recycle and make use of them and turn them into functional products. This
can also lessen the garbage because we knew that many are also just throwing
the eggshell after cooking the egg.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Are eggshells exactly well suited to be an ingredient in making chalks?

What it is in the eggshell that makes it chalks?

Do the chalks made from eggshells and commercial chalks have the same
characteristics?

How many eggshells would be used in making chalks?

Will the chalks made from eggshells be an effective substitute for commercialized
chalk?

How to convert eggshells to chalks?

HYPOTHESES

Teachers can save more money if they make the DIY chalks than buying them at
the store with quite expensive price

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

In this research, the objectives are;

 To determine whether eggshells could be successfully used as ingredient
in making chalks
 To make a much cheaper alternative in for commercial chalks

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 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

What are the components of eggshell

that it is making it capable to turn
out to chalks?

In the ingredients making commercial Eggshells to

chalks, are there something that shares chalks
same substance as eggshells?

What are eggshells made up of?

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 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature
Ancient Egyptians (1400 BCE) according to Aristotle, when he opened eggs at
various time points of incubation, he noted how the organism changed over time.

Aristotle (350 BCE) They used the chick to demonstrate tissue differentiation, he
doesn’t believed that organisms are “preformed” in their adult version and only
grow larger during development.

Neves (1998); Boron (2004) the use of this shells may reduce the impact on the
natural reserves of limestone

National Literature
Eggshells as fertilizers, (Nelz Jay, 2017) Eggshells power benefits, effective uses
in our garden. Undeniable that egg contains numerous nutrients, vitamins and
minerals, but eggshells can be also disposed in an effective way in the garden.

Efficiency of calcium carbonate from eggshells as an absorbent for Cadmium

removal in aqueous solution. Its removal from aqueous solution, can relatively
done through absorption, a known technique that efficiently reduces heavy metal
concentration. This study investigated the applicability and efficiency of waste
chicken eggshells as an absorbent of the removal of Cadmium heavy metal in
aqueous solution. (Tizo, et. Al, 2018)

Local Literature

Related Studies
Eggshell is made almost entirely of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals. It is a
semipermeable membrane, which means that air and moisture can pass through
its pores. (Exploratorium, 2017)

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Based on Burley and Vadehra (1989) shell is composed of about 97% calcium
carbonate

Calcium carbonate is a white, odorless powder or colorless crystals. Practically

insoluble in water. Occurs extensive in rocks world-wide.

Calcium Carbonate is the carbonic salt of calcium (CaCO3). Calcium carbonate

is used in therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a
calcium supplement.

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 Methodology

This chapter presents the methods and procedures used in this study.
Specifically, this will discuss the research design, materials, procedures,
participants of the study, instrumentation, data gathering method and statistical
treatment.

Research Design

Experimental research is employed in this study. In this study, quantitative

research method will be used in conducting this study. The subject which is the
eggshells to chalks in definite manner that shall discover the effects and result on
the treatment into the object. The design will be used to determine the
effectiveness and durability of the chalks made from eggshells.

Materials

Raw Materials

 Eggshells
 Flour
 Hot water
 Tap water
 Food color

Tools

 Bowl
 Eggshells
 Flour
 Hot Water
 Tissue Paper
 Food Color

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 Procedure

Researchers were able to make the procedures through watching a YouTube

video.
 Preparation of eggshells
Crush 12 pieces of eggshells in a bowl
E=eggshells
Label Amount
E-1 1 ½ tablespoon

E-2 1 tablespoon
E-3 ½ tablespoon

E-4 ½ tablespoon

 Preparation of flour
Prepare ¼ kilo of flour
F=Flour
Label Amount
F-1 1 teaspoon

F-2 1 tablespoon
F-3 1 tablespoon
F-4 ½ tablespoon

 Preparation of hot water

Prepare 1 cup of hot water
W=hot water
Label Amount
W-1 2 teaspoon
W-2 1 tablespoon

W-3 1 tablespoon
W-4 ½ tablespoon

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 Participants of the Study

This research will be useful to the following individuals and groups:

Students, this study will help the students to formulate a general

understanding about the efficiency of eggshells as main ingredient to produce
chalks. They can have the knowledge and know the procedures in making it.

Teachers, this research work will be more useful to teachers as this will
help them save money and effort from buying chalks in stores. Likewise this will
provide them meaningful information as they share their knowledge in the field of
research about eggshells. They can also share this with their students for them to
be able to have chalks without already buying.

Future Researchers, this will help the future researchers to come up with a
more comprehensive researches about commercial production of chalks made of
eggshells, this could be a help for researchers who want to have further
experiments about this.

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Sampling Procedure

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 INSTRUMENTATION
In this study researchers will use table instrument to analyze the
effectiveness, durability and viability of the eggshells made into chalks. Mixture,
number of chalks made, number of chalks worked and number of days

trials mixture Numb Number of Number of

er of chalks days
chalks worked
made
1 1 ½ tablespoon of eggshells 1
1 teaspoon flour
2 teaspoon water
2 1 tablespoon eggshells 1
1 tablespoon flour
1 tablespoon hot water
3 1 ½ tablespoon eggshells 1
1 tablespoon flour
1 tablespoon water
4 ½ tablespoon eggshells 1
½ tablespoon flour
½ tablespoon water

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 DATA GATHERING METHOD

Researchers gathered data through Observations, textual or visual

analysis are the instrument methods that will be utilized in order to come up with
reliable data for this experiment. The data will he collected by writing down what
researchers have observed. The researchers didn't spend much time in
preparing the materials needed because mostly are just found in their homes.
Researchers have collected eggshells when they cook eggs.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

In the experiment, the quantitative data, is the researchers will find out if
how many eggshells are needed to compose one piece of chalk, how many
chalks they are going to produce out of the eggshells they have collected, and for
the qualitative data, researchers would observe the texture, durability, if it will be
working properly and if there would be an undesirable characteristics.

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 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results
We can say that this experiment was somehow a failure. The results of our
experiment based on our observations are as follows:
 The chalks made break easily
 It has undesirable smell
 It was rough
 It was not as fine as the commercial chalks
 It did not go well with as much as we expected

DISCUSSIONS

The experiment “Eggshells to chalk” did not give the results we expected due
to two possible reasons; eggshells were not that crushed finely like there are still
parts in small pieces and maybe we should have dried it under the sun for it to be
hard enough. Consequently maybe eggshells can turn to chalk as long as with
different ways and should follow the procedures correspondingly.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that not all products from this experiment are made
successfully, there is only a least possibility for have a successful outcome.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Researchers from this study suggest to use another ingredients with

eggshells and to try it in different method and ways to test it out for them to
possibly get the experiment successfully unlike this one. If this product was made
with accomplishment, this is good to use specially because it is cheaper and

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environmental friendly but somehow it has a significant difference to the
commercial chalks.

References
Arnalson, Alti.,BSc,PhD(2007). Health Line: The Benefits and Risk of Eating
Eggshells

Young, Grace., Pallardy, Richard., ( 2013, October 22). Earth Sciences [ Chalk:
Additional Information]. Encyclopedia Britannica, London

Labmate-online. [News Section]. What are eggshells made up of? (2018, April
13)

The Crafty Mom, (2014, May 27). How to make chalk from eggshells!
Homeschooling, [Link]

Tizo, Maribel., et. Al, (2018, October). WasteWater Treatment [ Sustainable

Environment Research] Research gate

Nelz, Jay, (2017, January 12) ENTERTAINMENT [ Eggshells Powerful Benefits,

Effective uses in our Garden]. Philippine News, Philippines
[Link]

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