Digital radiography

APPLICATION GUIDE

UNIQUE
Image processing software

Release 1.0

English
4512 987 02131AA/712 – 04.2005
Application Guide
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or obligation, and will not be liable
for any consequences resulting from
the use of this publication.

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© by 2005 Philips Medical Systems

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D-22335 Hamburg, Germany

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acquires a non-exclusive, non-
transferable right to use the software
stored on them in connection with
the hardware components delivered
with it by Philips.

Changes to software, the use of

which on hardware components
other than those delivered by Philips
in this connection (multiple use) or
the making of copies, even for
purposes of data backup, must be
approved by Philips in writing
beforehand.

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”With friendly permission of

Dr Hauet et Dr Lunel, Paris and
Mr G.Perrault, Expert agrée par la
cour de cassation.“
 Contents

1 Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 What is UNIQUE? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

3 Digital Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.1 Image Processing History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4 UNIQUE: 3-Step Processing to a Perfect Image . 8

4.1 ”Harmonized Contrast“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

5 UNIQUE User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.1 User Interface for DigitalDiagnost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.2 User Interface for EasyVision RAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

6 Application Cookbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

6.1 Part 1 – Modfying the Factory Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

6.2 Part 2 – Creating a setting, if no default setting is available
16

7 Basic UNIQUE Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

7.1 Density Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

7.2 Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.3 Density 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.4 Gamma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.5 Structure Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.6 Structure Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.7 Noise Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8 Expert UNIQUE Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8.1 Detail Contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

8.2 Contrast Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.3 W.C. Limit (Weak Contrast Limit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.4 S.C. Limit (Strong Contrast Limit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.5 S.B. Offset (Structure Boost) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.6 Noise Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.7 Noise Step. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.8 Noise Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.9 Ranger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.10 Ranger Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.11 Measuring Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.12 Key percentage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

9 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

10 Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

11 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

12 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
 1 Preface

This Application Guide is written to give all application specialists for gene-
ral X-ray systems a quick and comprehensive response to questions arising
while turning a digital radiographic system over to our customer. You might
also find it useful to help handling customer questions regarding UNIQUE
image quality. We believe that every application specialist reading this guide
should have a profound knowledge about digital diagnostic imaging.
This guide is based on the field experience of application specialists for CR
and DR systems. We will explain some UNIQUE basics and how to adjust
settings in order to optimize results. In addition you will find a step-by-step
cookbook to help you customize the image processing settings to the specific
”taste“ of your customer.
Whenever you think you can add information to this guide, please feel free
to write us so that we can make this application guide more comprehensive.
We highly appreciate your comments.
Please send your comments to unique@philips.com
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Preface 5

 2 What is UNIQUE?

UNIQUE (UNified Image QUality Enhancement) is a sophisticated imag-

ing software. It offers universal multiresolution image processing for all dig-
ital radiography systems made by Philips. The software automatically
displays the enhanced images according to a pre-defined user taste without
the need for user interaction.

1 Conventional image processing

2 UNIQUE image processing

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6 What is UNIQUE? UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Image Processing History 3.1

3 Digital Image Processing

Radiographic images often contain large variations in radiographic density.

For instance, in a chest image the mediastinum and the thoracic spine absorb
strongly, while the lungs are almost X-ray transparent. This means strong
contrast in parts of the image (spine) next to areas of weak contrast (lungs).
Hard- or softcopy displays of such images consequently face the dilemma of
having to reproduce these large variations without clipping, while subtle
details, like lung nodules, must remain visible.
In digital radiography, these conflicting requirements can be reconciled by
digital processing even before the image is displayed. Digital image process-
ing permits to decouple the image acquisition and image display stages.
These methods can then be used to enhance Detail Contrasts while main-
taining displayed image latitude.

3.1 Image Processing History

Image Processing has developed significantly over the last 20 years. In the
Mid-80s Unsharp Masking (UM) with its single kernel enhancement pro-
duced crisper but also more artificial looking images. UM was then super-
seded by the two-kernel enhancement of Dynamic Range Reconstruction
(DDR), which was prone to produce edge artifacts. The latest stage in image
processing was reached with UNIQUE’s multiresolution, nonlinear technol-
ogy, producing improved and artifact free images.

1985 … 1994 … 2000 …

Unsharp
DRR UNIQUE
Masking
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Digital Image Processing 7

3.1 Image Processing History

4 UNIQUE:
3-Step Processing to a Perfect
Image

Image processing used to be a trade-off between enhancing details while

reducing the image resolution in the areas with already strong contrast, creat-
ing for example artifacts. UNIQUE bridges these two conflicting require-
ments by using image processing based on three key characteristics: multi-
resolution, nonlinear and universal.
The multiresolution filters decompose the image into a number of bandpass
images, also called ”subband“ (see figure). Each bandpass image contains the
information of a specific detail size. Therefore this type of image filter allows
much greater flexibility in adapting the processing to the anatomical region,
the type of detector and even the clinical question.
Also the UNIQUE processing is inherently nonlinear. This means that the
relative enhancement ist stronger for low-contrast details than for the easily
visible hight-contrast structures. This improves the visiblity of subtle details
and completely avoids edge artifacts.

Step 1 – Multiresolution
In the multiresolution phase an image is broken down into several frequency
channels, with each channel representing structures of different size and dif-
ferent levels of contrast.

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Step 2 – Nonlinear
Each channel is then processed separately, depending on the requirements.
Under- and over-penetrated areas are optimized accordingly. Once proc-
essed, the channels are then combined again to produce the overall opti-
mized image for display. For example as a result subtle details are enhanced,
without generating edge artifacts in other parts of the image.

8 UNIQUE: 3-Step Processing to a Perfect Image UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 ”Harmonized Contrast“ 4.1

Step 3 – Integrational
No matter which digital X-ray modality made by Philips is used, the param-
eters for all systems and detectors are the same, making the handling easy
and intuitive across all digital systems.

4.1 ”Harmonized Contrast“

The result of combining the three steps are images with ”harmonized con-
trast“:
• Good detail visibility in under- and over-penetrated areas.
• Latitude and Detail Contrast rendition of the image can be adjusted inde-
pendently.
• Detail Contrast is independent of local density/brightness.
• The multiresolution representation of the image suppresses artifacts and
noise amplification.
• Most beneficial for images with inherent large latitude, e.g. chest, skull or
lateral spine images.
Example ”harmonized contrast“ for a skull:

Wide latitude High contrast Harmoized contrast

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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 UNIQUE: 3-Step Processing to a Perfect Image 9

5.1 User Interface for DigitalDiagnost

5 UNIQUE User Interface

UNIQUE is currently available for two systems made by Philips, DigitalDi-

agnost and EasyVision RAD. UNIQUE offers for both systems basic settings
and expert settings. The basic settings are generally sufficient for all routine
displays. The expert mode is for fine-tuning following initial customer
requirements.

5.1 User Interface for DigitalDiagnost

Basic mode

Expert mode

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10 UNIQUE User Interface UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 User Interface for EasyVision RAD 5.2

5.2 User Interface for EasyVision RAD

Basic mode

Expert mode
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 UNIQUE User Interface 11

6.1 Part 1 – Modfying the Factory Settings

6 Application Cookbook

Please note:
All settings marked with ”1)“ are only visible in expert mode.
This cookbook is a step-by-step guide to optimize UNIQUE settings for the
specific customer requirements. It is divided into two parts.
Part 1 deals with adapting the factory settings to the customers taste. This
should be sufficient for the majority of installations.
Part 2 looks at how to set up the system for a new anatomy, for which there is
no default factory setting yet.
Philips recommends to follow three steps in adapting the UNIQUE settings
to customer requirements.
1 Take the time to look at the images taken before the installation of
UNIQUE. It will give you an understanding of the taste of your customer,
that is the style of image display he is used to and is likely to prefer with
UNIQUE as well. While this step is time-consuming initially, it will reduce
the time spent with the customer in fine-tuning the settings and increase cus-
tomer satisfaction.
2 Install UNIQUE with the pre-installed factory settings and run a basic
check.
3 Sit down together with the customer and adjust the image display according
to his feedback, following the cookbook.
4 Known limitation: on PCR two or more acquisitions on one cassette do not
work.

6.1 Part 1 – Modfying the Factory Settings

Please note
• Evaluate image quality only on hardcopy or diagnostic workstation dis-
play.
• Before starting any adjustment always make sure that the HCU calibra-
tion and export filter (not available on EasyVision RAD) are set cor-
rectly.
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• On the DigitalDiagnost system some sliders might not be visible because

they are only visible in expert mode. To access expert mode press button
”Expert Settings“. If this button is not visible on the screen it will have to
be configured in the configuration tool.
• Bone images are always in semi mode, lung images in auto or semi mode.
• Fixed mode is not intended for the evaluation of clinical images.
• Optimized factory settings for installations are available in addition to the
current ones. They are not linked to an anatomy on DigitalDiagnost.
Philips recommends to use them for new installations. They follow the
naming convention of NA_organ_view_extension, e.g. NA_lung_auto or

12 Application Cookbook UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Part 1 – Modfying the Factory Settings 6.1

NA_hand_pa. The prefixes UB and UC are generally not used for the new
settings. The current factory settings (UB,UC) are still available and some-
times still recommended.
The following steps will take you through the potential customer feedback
and how to adjust the settings accordingly. To help you to structure the
adjustment process the chapter is sub-divided into lung and bone images.

6.1.1 Lung images

Before you change any setting please check for these possible configuration/
user errors first:
• DigitalDiagnost: Are you using a factory set that starts with ”UC
(UNIQUE Chest) …“? If not, do so to correct the problem.
• EasyVision RAD: Are you using a factory set of the UNIQUE group? If
not, do so to correct the problem.
• DigitalDiagnost only: Did the customer touch the shutters and forgot to
”re-range“ on this image? If yes, do not use this image for further evalua-
tion, the key values might give wrong results in ranging.
• Are you using a processing containing the word ”default“ in its name? If
yes, change the processing to one with a name starting with ”UC …“.
• Is there a ”*“ after the name of the set image processing? If yes, reprocess
again with the original settings.
• Are you evaluating the image on your local DigitalDiagnost workstation
monitor? If yes, use the film and/or the designated PACS monitor only.
After checking all the above named start with adjusting the settings:
Please note that any change of a setting can only be applied by pressing ”Cre-
ate“ (DigitalDiagnost) or ”Apply“ (EasyVision RAD).

Customer feedback Action

The image is too dark or too bright in the In semi mode: Modify the slider ”Density“ only. Apply the changed values:
whole lung area. Press ”Create“ (DigitalDiagnost) resp. ”Apply“ (EasyVision RAD).
In automatic mode: Modify only the sliders ”Density 1“ and ”Density 2“ in the same direction
and at the same degree.
In fixed mode: That is the wrong mode for clinical images.
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The image is too dark or too bright in only the In semi mode: Modify the sliders ”Density/Gamma“ only.
lung area or in only the abdomen area of a lung In automatic mode: Modify the sliders ”Density 1“ and ”Density 2“ only.
image. In fixed mode: That is the wrong mode for clinical images.
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The lung image looks too flat or too foggy. In semi mode: Raise ”Gamma“ in steps and keep ”Detail Contrast“ at 130% of gamma. If the
result is insufficient also try to raise ”Detail Contrast“1) in steps. Make sure this does not create
clipping.
If the result is insufficient also try to slightly lower ”Contrast balance“1). Make sure this does not
create clipping (completely black or white, no image information).
In automatic mode: Lower ”Density 2“. If the result is insufficient also try to raise ”Detail Con-
trast“1) in steps. Make sure this does not create clipping. If the result is insufficient also try to
slightly lower ”Contrast balance“1). Again make sure this does not create clipping.

The lung image ought to have finer details. Put ”Structure Preference“ to ”sharp“ (0.0–1.0) and raise ”Structure Boost“ drastically. If the
result is insufficient slightly raise ”Structure Boost Offset“1).

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Application Cookbook 13

6.1 Part 1 – Modfying the Factory Settings

Customer feedback Action

The lung image has too much noise in the • Check the dose applied to the image using ”Exposure index“ for DigitalDiagnost resp. S and
abdominal area. L value for PCR.
• Raise value for ”Noise compensation“
• If required modify the other noise sliders according to the following:
Noise compensation for lungs:
• Set ”Noise Step“1) to minimum.
• Set ”Noise compensation“ to maximum.
• Take a note of your „Structure Boost“ setting, then set ”Structure Boost“ temporarily to maxi-
mum.
• Align ”Noise Limit“1) to set the noise border into the heart (see figure below).This means raising
the „Noise Limit“1) value step by step until it reaches from the edge of the heart to approx. the
middle.
• Set the ”Noise Step“1) value between half and maximum and check the result.
• Set ”Structure Boost“ back to the original value.
• Set ”Noise compensation“ according to the customer preference.

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The lung image does not show enough detail. Raise „Structure Boost“ value.

The lung image shows too much detail. Reduce „Structure Boost“ value.

14 Application Cookbook UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Part 1 – Modfying the Factory Settings 6.1

6.1.2 Bone images

Before you change any setting please check for these possible configuration/
user errors first:
• EasyVision RAD: Are you using a factory setting from the correct anatom-
ical group? If not, do so to correct the problem.
• DigitalDiagnost: Are you using a factory set that starts with ”UB
(UNIQUE Bone) …“? If not, do so to correct the problem.
• DigitalDiagnost only: Did the customer touch the shutters and forgot to
”re-range“ on this image? If yes, do not use this image for further evalua-
tion.
• Are you using a processing containing the word ”default“ in its name? If
yes, change the processing to a setting from the correct anatomical group.
• Is there a ”*“ after the name of the set image processing? If yes, reprocess
again with the original settings
• Are you evaluating the image on your local DigitalDiagnost workstation
monitor? If yes, use the film and/or the designated PACS monitor only.

Customer feedback Action

The bone image does not show enough detail. Raise ”Structure Boost“.

Your bone image shows too much detail. Reduce ”Structure Boost“.

The image is too dark or too bright in all areas For DigitalDiagnost:
of a bone image. Check if the ranger found the correct area of the picture: Click onto ”curves” and create the
image again. Check in the upper right corner if the horizontal lines are covering the bone area. If
not, you are probably using the wrong factory setting.
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Scroll through all factory settings, check the comments fields, select the correct factory setting.
Press button ”Select“ and find the correct setting for your anatomy in the display. Mark and select
the right setting.

For EasyVision RAD:

Check if you are in the right anatomical area and select a factory setting from there.
In semi mode: Modify the slider ”Density“ only.
In automatic mode: You are in the wrong mode. Select semi mode.
In fixed mode: You are in the wrong mode for clinical images. Select semi mode.

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Application Cookbook 15

6.2 Part 2 – Creating a setting, if no default setting is available

Customer feedback Action

• Image does not show all areas of the anat Factory settings are designed for examination with grid, with few exceptions. If a grid is used for
omy. Some areas are too black or some areas an examination set to be used without grid, reduce ”Gamma“ by 2 units (e.g. from 4.8 to 2.8). Set
are too white in a bone image. ”Detail Contrast“1) to 130% of your new gamma value. Leave all other sliders unchanged.
• ”I do not see enough soft tissue“.
If there is no grid problem, reduce ”Gamma“ in steps. Do not change other sliders.

The bone image looks too flat, too foggy. Raise ”Gamma“ in steps and keep ”Detail Contrast“ at 130% of gamma. If this is insufficient, also
try to raise ”Detail Contrast“ in steps. Make sure to avoid clipping.
If this is insufficient, also try to lower ”Detail Contrast“1) in steps. Make sure to avoid clipping.

The details in the image are not fine enough. Put ”Structure Preference“ to ”sharp“ (0.0–1.0) and raise ”Structure Boost“ drastically.
If this is insufficient, slightly raise ”Structure Boost“.

The image has too much noise. Check the dose applied to the image and exposure index and note the following conditions:
DigitalDiagnost system PCR What can happen?
EI>800 S>600 noise problem
EI>1200 S>800 exposure error
Alternatively it could be low dose examination (e.g. pediatrics etc). Do not use noise compensa-
tion in these cases.

Generally low dose exposures (EI >1200, PCR:S >600) are either noisy or will not show high
detail visibility.

Solution: Keep ”Detail Contrast“ close to ”Gamma“ and ”Contrast balance“ 1) close to 1
or decrease ”Structure Boost“,
or set ”Structure Preference“ <0 while not changing ”Structure Boost“
or use a combination of the above.

6.2 Part 2 – Creating a setting, if no default

setting is available
This chapter is to create an optimal setting for an anatomy, for which no
default is available.

Please note
• Before starting any adjustment, always make sure that HCU calibration
and export filter are set correctly.
• On the DigitalDiagnost system some sliders might not be visible because
they are only visible in expert mode. To access expert mode press button
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”Expert Settings“. If this button is not visible on the screen it will have to
be configured by Service.
• Bone images are always in semi mode, lung images in auto or semi mode.
Step One
Start with the following basic settings. Note that they are the same for lung
and bone, except for the density value:
Select curve FB
Density = 1 (bone), 1.6 (lung)
Gamma = 3
Structure Boost = 0
SP = 0

16 Application Cookbook UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Part 2 – Creating a setting, if no default setting is available 6.2

Noise compensation = 0
Detail Contrast1) = 3
CB1) = 1
Step Two
Increase or decrease the ”Gamma“ until it meets the customer’s expectation.
Avoid clipping. Do not look for details in this step.
Set DC1) = Gamma
If the image brightness is not sufficient, use the density slider to adjust. This
slider also influences clipping when making the image brighter!
It might be necessary to go through these steps more than once.
Step Three
Reduce ”Contrast balance“1) to approximately 0.5–0.8. Go as low as possible
but ensure to avoid clipping. If in doubt, use a slightly higher setting.
Step Four
Increase ”Structure Boost“ until sufficient details are visible. Ensure to avoid
clipping. This step can be combined with Structure Preference.
Structure Preference >0 creates finer (sharper) details.
Structure Preference <0 creates blurred details (noise reduction for bones).
If you set Structure Preference ≠ 0, you should increase ”Structure Boost“
significantly.
Step Five
Increase ”Detail Contrast“1), but ensure to avoid clipping.
Avoid Detail Contrast1) < gamma.
Quick Check
The following values may be used as guidelines:
• Density approx. 0.9–1.2 for bones, 1.5–1.9 for lungs.
• Structure Boost between 2 and 3 when SP = 0,
Structure Boost approx. 2–3 units higher if Structure Preference not set
to 0.
• The further away Structure Preference is set from 0 the higher the Struc-
ture Boost value should be.
• Detail Contrast1) should be approx. 130% of gamma.
There are some exceptions for lungs in auto mode:
27 Apr 2005

DigitalDiagnost only:
• There is no gamma slider, the gamma value is calculated from the two
densities and other parameters. The resulting gamma can be read from the
”Show parameters“ option, it is different for each image.
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• The software automatically adjusts Detail Contrast1) not < gamma. If it is

set too low, Detail Contrast1) will automatically increase.
All:
• Good values for lungs to start with are density 1 = 1.6, density 2 = 0.4, the
other parameters stay as described for semi mode.

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Application Cookbook 17

7.1 Density Curve

7 Basic UNIQUE Parameters

The ”Unique Processing“ window contains the basic functions for setting
brightness, general contrast, structure intensity and noise reduction. Using
these basic settings should be sufficient to adjust the image display according
to your individual taste.
The basic UNIQUE parameters are described below. Additional fine-tuning
can be done by using the functions of the ”Expert Parameters“ window.

7.1 Density Curve

The density curve sets the overall contrast of the image. It defines the dark
and light areas. Different density curves have different effects on the overall
representation of the image in terms of contrast and brightness. For example:
a steep curve gives a high contrast while a curve with a lower gradient gives a
lower contrast (wide latitude). Depending on the shape of the curve the con-
trast for different parts of an image will be adjusted.
The following density curves can be selected:

LIN (linear)
= Mainly used for technical tests
SCL (S-shaped chest latitude) and FC (film chest), typical film pulmonary
representation
= Mainly used for pulmonary representation
SWL (S-shaped wide latitude) and FB (film bone), typical film bone repre-
sentation
= Mainly used for skeletal procedures
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 Density 7.2

7.2 Density
The density setting adjusts the brightness of a particular part of an image.
Each X-ray image has a region of interest (ROI), e.g. the lungs in a chest
exposure. Using the density setting you can optimize the brightness of the
ROI.
The density value maps the ROI to the specified optical density of film.

Density Density Density

0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5 0.5 0.9 1.3 1.7 2.1 2.5

7.3 Density 2
(Note: Not available in semi mode (see chapter 8.10)).
For these chest images you can define the brightness of a second ROI, which
in a chest image is usually the abdominal area.
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Density 2 Density 2 Density 2

0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Basic UNIQUE Parameters 19

7.4 Gamma

7.4 Gamma
With the gamma value you can set the overall contrast of the image. It has no
direct influence on the Detail Contrast of the structures in the image.
Comparable to conventional film-based systems, which possess a steep
gamma curve (high contrast film) or flat gamma curves (low contrast film),
this value determines the overall contrast. Using this setting you can influ-
ence the displayed dynamic range of the image.

Gamma Gamma Gamma

0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5

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20 Basic UNIQUE Parameters UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Structure Preference 7.5

7.5 Structure Preference

With Structure Preference you can select the structure size (lung vessels,
microcalcifications) you want to enhance. (This selected structure size can
then be enhanced using the Structure Boost setting (see below)).
A low level of contrast occurs with a variety of structure sizes (see figure).
The Structure Preference value determines which structure size will be
boosted:
SP < 0 accentuate general structures such as large fractures (boost for fine structures
is reduced)

SP > 0 emphasize finer structures to allow better visualization of calcification (boost

for coarse structures is reduced)

SP = 0 Structure Boost equal for all bands

Structure Preference Structure Preference Structure Preference

-2.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6 2.0 -2.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6 2.0 -2.0 -0.6 -0.2 0.2 0.6 2.0
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Basic UNIQUE Parameters 21

7.6 Structure Boost

7.6 Structure Boost

Applying Structure Boost allows to enhance the contrast in the structure sizes
which we have previously selected in the Structure Preference setting (see
above).
Weaker structures (= low contrast), where the values of neighboring pixels
are only slightly different, are boosted with this parameter. For example,
microcalcifications against a light background are made more visible with the
boosting function.

Structure Boost Structure Boost Structure Boost

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0

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22 Basic UNIQUE Parameters UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Noise Compensation 7.7

7.7 Noise Compensation

The lower the dose, the worse the signal-to-noise ratio. Bright low-density
areas appear to contain more noise compared to the dark areas.
This setting is in particular relevant for lung images. While enhancing the
contrast of the lung vessels, the noise in the abdominal area is also enhanced.
To suppress this effect you can reduce structure enhancement in this low-
dose area (abdominal area) by increasing the parameter ”noise compensa-
tion“.

Noise Compensation Noise Compensation

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
27 Apr 2005
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Basic UNIQUE Parameters 23

8.1 Detail Contrast

8 Expert UNIQUE Parameters

Please note
The expert functions in this section are intended for fine-tuning of the image
processing protocols and are therefore to be used by application experts only.
The expert UNIQUE parameters are described below.

8.1 Detail Contrast

This value affects the structures within the image. It will not change the
overall contrast, but the contrast of the structures in relation to their environ-
ment. Unlike Structure Boost, not only weak but all structures are enhanced.
The limit of enhancement is set by ”Strong Contrast Limit“.
If the Detail Contrast = Gamma the behavior is similar to film (assuming
that contrast balance = 1 and Structure Boost = 0). Values smaller Gamma
should be avoided.

8.2 Contrast Balance

Contrast balance influences the (detail) contrast display of areas with differ-
ent density levels. For example improving the Detail Contrast in lung areas
without enhancing contrast in the abdominal area.
If the contrast balance =1 the Detail Contrast is at its maximum only at the
maximum of the contrast curve. This is not always at the point of ROI.
Other areas will not be affected by this function (behavior of film).
If the contrast balance = 0 the Detail Contrast is the same at all density levels
(harmonized contrast).
The slider enables the user to adjust the display smoothly between these two
extreme settings.

8.3 W.C. Limit (Weak Contrast Limit)

Philips Medical Systems

This parameter defines the area of weak contrasts to be enhanced by the

Structure Boost. As a limiting value, it determines the contrasts to be added
to areas of weak contrast so that they are particularly enhanced. The weak
contrast area is usually around <5% within a subband. The transition to
greater contrast levels, which are not enhanced to the same extent, occurs in
smooth curve.

24 Expert UNIQUE Parameters UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 S.C. Limit (Strong Contrast Limit) 8.4

8.4 S.C. Limit (Strong Contrast Limit)

This parameter determines the limiting value of strong contrasts in the
image. When there are large differences in contrast levels in an image (e.g. on
the sharp edges of metal implants), the Detail Contrast Enhancement has to
be limited in order to avoid artifacts. Using this slider, it is possible to set the
contrast value as a percentage at the point where the Detail Contrast
Enhancement effect is to be reduced. A value of 7% is advisable.

8.5 S.B. Offset (Structure Boost)

This parameter controls an additional Structure Boost over all frequency
bands. Whilst the Structure Preference determines which structure sizes are
to be particularly emphasized, the S.B. offset carries out additional uniform
boosting on all frequency bands. Consequently, when the Structure Prefer-
ence is 0, the parameters ”Structure Boost“ and ”S.B. Offset“ have the same
influence on image representation. This parameter is particularly important
in mammography.

8.6 Noise Limit

This setting is only applicable to lung exposures. It defines the size (extent) of
the low density area (abdomen). The higher this value the larger the defined
area and the more it will affect the higher-density range.
Using this function will affect the function ”Noise Compensation“ (see Basic
Parameters above).

8.7 Noise Step

With this parameter the transition between areas with reduced and normal
Structure Boost can be defined. A small value signifies a small transition area.
Please note that the smaller the value, the greater the danger of image arti-
facts will be in the transition area.
27 Apr 2005

8.8 Noise Band

Philips Medical Systems

The UNIQUE algorithm divides the image information into several so-
called subbands. Each subband represents a special structure size. In the high
frequency subbands (containing fine details) it is desirable to reduce the
noise by reducing the enhancement of the low-dose areas. Noise is higher in
these high-frequency subbands, so that a need for reduction is required. By
using this parameter you can specify which subbands should be affected.

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Expert UNIQUE Parameters 25

8.9 Ranger

8.8.1 Sharpness Filter

(Sharpness Kernel and Sharpness Enhancement, for EasyVision RAD only)

Please Note
These functions should only be used in mammography to make the finest
structures (especially in 100 µm images) better visible.

Sharpness Filter
This function was originally implemented to enhance the fine structures in
mammography examinations with 100 µm pixel size. With DRR processing
the minimal kernel size for sharpening is 3, while UNIQUE uses a minimal
kernel of 5. To come to a comparable sharpness impression between DRR
and UNIQUE processed 100 µm mammography images this filtering could
be useful.

Sharpness Kernel
The way the sharpness kernel works is similar to the DRR sharpening func-
tion and the UM technique where a variable kernel is used to generate an
”unsharp“ image in order to generate low pass images. The larger the kernel
size is ( >7) the more an edge enhancement will be visible in the image. Con-
sidering the original purpose of this filter a kernel size greater than 3 is not
recommended.

Sharpness Enhancement
The sharpness enhancement slider defines the amount of filtering – the effect
in the images is a better visibility of the finest structures in the image –
including the noise. A value higher than 1.0 leads to artifacts and is not rec-
ommended.

8.9 Ranger
The ranger settings determine the ROI of an image (e.g. lung, abdomen,
bone).
ROI is the area of pixel values (doses on image receptors) where anatomically
interesting details are displayed.
The ranger comprises the following parameters: mode, measuring field and
key percentage.
Philips Medical Systems

8.10 Ranger Mode

Manual mode
Manual mode simulates regular film behavior (conventional film). It is
mainly suited for test procedures and not recommended for clinical applica-
tion.

26 Expert UNIQUE Parameters UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Ranger Mode 8.10

Semi mode
In this mode, following a histogram analysis, a specific ROI is determined in
the image. The specified brightness (see ”Density 1“) will be kept constant
for the ROI, independent of the applied doses.
27 Apr 2005
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Expert UNIQUE Parameters 27

8.11 Measuring Field

Auto mode
This mode is only applicable for lung exposures.
Following a histogram analysis, two ROIs are determined in the image, one
representing the lungs, one representing the abdomen. A density curve is
then defined between these key percentages (please note: no gamma adjust-
ment possible).
The specified brightness (see ”Density 1“ and ”Density 2“) will be kept con-
stant for the ROI, independent of the applied doses.

Reader (only for PCR)

In this mode, no histogram analysis from the image is made and a key per-
centage is defined based on the S values (sensitivity) and L values (latitude)
transmitted from the PCR reader. This mode is not recommended to use and
will disappear in future releases.

8.11 Measuring Field

Please note
A rotation of the image does not rotate the measuring fields.

In semi and in auto mode a measuring field is required in order to determine

the position of the ROI. The field is than subjected to a histogram analysis

Field Description

Full field
100% The entire image is used as the measuring field.

Half field
50% The measuring field takes up half of the central part of the image.

Quarter field
25% The measuring field takes up a quarter of the central part of the image.

Slit field
20% The measuring field takes up a small rectangular area in the central part of the
image.
Philips Medical Systems

28 Expert UNIQUE Parameters UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Key percentage 8.12

Examples:

8.12 Key percentage

Please note
This parameter should only be modified to define new factory settings.
It affects how the ranger determines the ROI within the image. This means
which key percentage representing the ROI will be set in the pixel histogram.
In the semi mode a single key percentage is used and in the auto mode two.
27 Apr 2005
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Expert UNIQUE Parameters 29

8.12 Key percentage

9 References

• Digital radiography enhancement by nonlinear multiscale processing;

M. Stahl, T. Aach, S. Dippel Med. Phys., vol. 27, 56-65 (2000)
• Equalized contrast display processing for digital radiography; S. Höppner,
I. Maack, U. Neitzel, M. Stahl in: Medical Imaging 2002: Visualization,
Image-Guided Procedures, and Display, Seong K. Mun, Editor, Proc.
SPIE 4681 (2002)
• Principles of image processing in digital chest radiography. M. Prokop,
U. Neitzel, C. Schaefer-Prokop, J. Thorac. Imaging 18, 148-164 (2003)

Philips Medical Systems

30 References UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Key percentage 8.12

10 Glossary

Density curves These curves describe the correlation between any point in the
histogram and the correlated density.
The way this is achieved is determined by the curve shape.

DRR Dynamic Range Reconstruction

EI Exposure Index. Is derived from the (mean) image signal and is related to
the detector exposure dose.

EV RAD EasyVision RAD

FB Standard S-shaped curve. Exact film behaviour, symmetrical.

Good all-purpose film-like response.

FC Special S-shape for lung images

HCU Hard Copy Unit or Film printer

Key Percentage Offset in histogram to find ROI. Typically 25% for bone, 90% for lung

LIN A linear correlation between input and output.

PACS Picture, Archiving and Communication System

PCR Philips Computed Radiograhy

ROI Region Of Interest representing a typical organ e.g lung, soft tissue or bone

S and L values Sensitivity and latitude

SCL Same as SWL, but for lung. Has some additional enhancement in the medi-
astinum of a lung image.

Subband Image which contains the information of a specific detail size. Each subband
represents a special structure size of the input image

SWL S-shaped wide latitude. The S-shape reflects film behaviour

UM Unsharp Masking

UNIQUE UNified Image QUality Enhancement. Universal multi-resolution image

processing
27 Apr 2005
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UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Glossary 31

8.12 Key percentage

11 Appendix

11.0.1 UNIQUE Pre-set Names

Anatomy Grid Applied post method

Lower extremity

Pelvis y UBF_FBD13G30SB10SP00DC36
FBD13G30SB10SP00DC36
Pelvis

Hips y UBF_SWLD10G30SB25SP00DC35
SWLD10G30SB25SP00DC35
Hip

Femur upper y UBF_SWLD10G30SB25SP00DC35

SWLD10G30SB25SP00DC35
Hip

Femur lower y UBF_SWLD10G30SB25SP00DC35

SWLD10G30SB25SP00DC35
Hip

Knee (with grid) y UBF_FBD11G20SB20SP00DC25

FBD11G20SB20SP00DC25
Knee

Knee (without grid port etc. ) n UBF_FBD11G20SB20SP00DC25

FBD11G20SB20SP00DC25
Knee

Patella (skyline etc.) y No factory set in UNIQUE, use classic

Foot lateral n UBF_FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45

FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45
Foot

Foot ap/obl (DD) n UBF_FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45

FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45
Foot

Foot ap/obl (PCE) n UBF_FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45

Philips Medical Systems

FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45
Foot

Toes y Classic processing used

Ankle lateral y UBF_FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45

FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45
Foot

Ankle ap/obl (DD) y UBF_FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45

FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45
Foot

32 Appendix UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Key percentage 8.12

Anatomy Grid Applied post method

Ankle ap/obl (PCR) y UBF_FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45

FBD12G31SB25SP06DC45
Foot

Spine

Soft tissue neck y Classic processing used

C-spine ap y Classic processing used

C-spine lat y Classic processing used

Swimmers y Classic processing used

Otondoid/dens y Classic processing used

C-spine obl y Classic processing used

Thoracic spine ap y UBF_FBD09G18SB20SP00DC20

FBD09G18SB20SP00DC20
Tspine_ap

Thoracic spine lat y UBF_SWLD08G20SB20SP00DC25

SWLD08G20SB20SP00DC25
Tspine_lat

SI joints y UBF_FBD13G30SB10SP00DC36
FBD13G30SB10SP00DC36
Pelvis

Lumbar spine ap/obl y UBF_FBD10G36SB20SP00DC38

FBD10G36SB20SP00DC38
Lspine_ap

Lumbar spine lat y UBF_SCLD12G20SB20SP00DC25

SCLD12G20SB20SP00DC25
Lspine_lat

L5/S1 lat spot view y UBF_FBD10G36SB20SP00DC38

FBD10G36SB20SP00DC38
Lspine_ap

Skull (incl. facial and sinus)

Skull (all views except lat) y UBF_SCLD12G20SB10SP00DC20

27 Apr 2005

SCLD12G20SB10SP00DC20
Skull

Skull lat y UBF_SCLD12G20SB10SP00DC20

SCLD12G20SB10SP00DC20
Philips Medical Systems

Skull

Upper extremity

Shoulder girdle y UBF_FBD09G20SB25SP00DC25

(clavicle, ACJts, shoulder, scapula) FBD09G20SB25SP00DC25
Shoulder

SC joints y UBF_FBD09G20SB25SP00DC25
FBD09G20SB25SP00DC25
Shoulder

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Appendix 33

8.12 Key percentage

Anatomy Grid Applied post method

Humerus n UBF_FBD10G45SB20SP00DC36
FBD10G45SB20SP00DC36
Elbow

Elbow n UBF_FBD10G45SB20SP00DC36
FBD10G45SB20SP00DC36
Elbow

Forearm n UBF_FBD10G45SB20SP00DC36
FBD10G45SB20SP00DC36
Elbow

Wrist (all views) n UBF_FBD10G48SB20SP00DC48

FBD10G48SB20SP00DC48
Hand_ap

Hand ap n UBF_FBD10G48SB20SP00DC48
FBD10G48SB20SP00DC48
Hand_ap

Hand obl/lat n UBQ_FBD10G30SB40SP10DC45

FBD10G30SB40SP10DC45
Hand_obl

Finger (all views) n UBF_SWLD12G45SB40SP10DC45_P40

SWLD12G45SB40SP10DC45_P40
Finger

Thorax

Chest ap/lat y UCH_FCD15G20SB20SPm03DC31

Chest standard

Chest portable ap y UCH_FCD1604SB20SPm04DC31

FCD1604SB20SPm04DC31
Chest_auto

Ribs upper y UCH_FCD1604SB20SPm04DC31

FCD1604SB20SPm04DC31
Chest_auto

Ribs lower y Classic used

Sternum y Classic used

Abdomen
Philips Medical Systems

Abdomen y UBF_FBD10G20SB20SP00DC25
FBD10G20SB20SP00DC25
Abdomen

Kidneys for IVP tomo y UBF_FBD10G20SB20SP00DC25

FBD10G20SB20SP00DC25
Abdomen

Mammo with PCR y Mammo

34 Appendix UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Key percentage 8.12

11.0.2 UNIQUE prototype processing for bones, not

linked to any anatomical area

Anatomy Grid Applied post method

Default y • No usage for rotine

• Fallback, if the system could not identify the initial processing (e.g. imported images)
• Starting prototype for new processings from scratch, in case full field for bones

Default_H y • No usage for rotine

• Fallback, if the system could not identify the initial processing (e.g. imported images)
• Starting prototype for new processings from scratch, in case half field for bones

Default_Q y • No usage for rotine

• Fallback, if the system could not identify the initial processing (e.g. imported images)
• Starting prototype for new processings from scratch, in case quarter field for bones

Default_S y • No usage for rotine

• Fallback, if the system could not identify the initial processing (e.g. imported images)
• Starting prototype for new processings from scratch, in case slit field for bones

11.0.3 Alternative factory settings

The below further optimized factory settings are currently not linked to an
anatomy on DigitalDiagnost. Philips recommends to use them for new
installations. They follow the naming convention of
NA_organ_view_extension, e.g. NA_lung_auto or NA_hand_pa. The pre-
fixes UB and UC are generally not used for the new settings. The current fac-
tory settings (UB,UC) are still available and sometimes still recommended.

Anatomy Grid Applied post method

Lower extremities

Pelvis y NA_pelvis

Hips y NA_hip

Femur, upper y Factory setting for hip (original)

Femur, lower y Factory setting for hip (original)

27 Apr 2005

Knee (with grid) y NA_knee

Knee (without grid port. etc.) n NA_knee-non_grid

Patella (skyline etc.) y NA_patella

Philips Medical Systems

Foot lateral y NA_foot_lat

Foot ap, obl. (DD) y NA_foot_ap_and_obl

Foot ap, obl. (PCR) n NA_foot_ap_PCR (used for CR foot and ankle ap/obl views – changed key perc.) decrease clipping

Toes y NA_foot_ap_and_obl

Ankle lateral y NA_foot_lat

Ankle ap, obl. (DD) y NA_foot_ap_and_obl

Ankle ap, obl. (PCR) y NA_foot_ap_PCR (used for CR ankle and foot ap/obl views – changed key perc.) decrease clipping

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Appendix 35

8.12 Key percentage

Anatomy Grid Applied post method

Spine

Soft tissue neck y NA_capine_lat

C-spine ap y NA_capine_ap

C-spine lat y NA_capine_lat

Swimmers y NA_capine_lat

Otondoit/dens y Factory setting for C-apine ap

C-spine obl y NA_capine_lat

Thoracic spine ap y Factory setting ap thoracic spine

Thoracic spine lat y Factory setting lat thoracic spine

SI joints y NA_pelvis

Lumbar spine ap/obl y NA-lspine-ap

Lumbar spine lat y NA-lspine-lat (on PCR maybe reduce SBO for taste and noise behaviour)

L5/S1 lat spot view y NA-lspine-ap

Skull (incl. facial and sinus)

Skull (all views except lat) y NA_skull

Skull lat y NA_skull_lat

Upper extremities

Shoulder girdle y NA_shoulder

(clavicle ACJts, shoulder, scapula)

Shoulder girdle y NA_elbow (if customer wants higher contrast)

(clavicle ACJts, shoulder, scapula)

SC joints y NA_elbow

Humerus y NA_shoulder

Elbow y NA_elbow

Forearm y NA_elbow
Philips Medical Systems

Wrist (all views) y NA_hand

Hand (all views) y NA_hand

Finger (all views) y NA_hand

Thorax

Chest ap and lat y NA_chest_auto

Chest portable ap y NA_chest_auto

Ribs, upper y NA_ribs_upper_auto

Ribs, lower y NA_ribs_lower

36 Appendix UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Key percentage 8.12

Anatomy Grid Applied post method

Sternum y NA_chest_auto

Abdomen

Abdomen y Factory setting for abdomen

Kidneys for IVP tomo y Factory setting for abdomen

27 Apr 2005
Philips Medical Systems

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Appendix 37

8.12 Key percentage

11.0.4 UNIQUE Processing Parameters

Examination D G SB EQ NR DC BAL WCL/SCL SO NR SF Ranger

Skull SCL 1.2 2.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/2.0/0.8 5/0.0 SF25F25

Tspine_ap FB 0.9 1.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Shoulder FB 0.9 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Tspine_lat SW 0.8 1.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Chest_Auto-Mode FC 1.6 0.4 2.0 -0.4 0.3 3.0 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.4/1.3/1.2 5/0.0 AH90F6

Chest, General LIN 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.7/10.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/2.0 5/0.0 SF50F50

Chest_Fuji FC 1.5 2.6 4.0 0.6 0.3 3.5 0.9 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.6/1.3/1.2 5/0.0 SH90F6

Chest, Portable LIN 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.7/10.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/2.0 5/0.0 SF50F50

Mammo FC 1.5 2.7 4.0 0.3 0.0 3.8 0.6 3.0/5.6 2.2 0.0/0.1/0.5 3/0.7 SF50F25

Mammo-100 FB 1.2 2.8 2.0 0.3 0.0 2.8 0.4 2.6/4.5 1.5 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Mammo-Cosima FB 1.5 4.0 2.0 0.3 0.0 3.4 0.4 2.6/5.0 1.5 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Abdomen FB 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Lspine_ap FB 1.0 3.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Lspine_lat SCL 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Pelvis FB 1.3 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.7 3.0/5.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/1.0 5/0.0 SF25F25

Hip_axial SCL 1.0 3.0 3.3 -0.4 0.0 3.3 0.7 3.0/5.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Hip SW 1.0 3.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Elbow FB 1.0 4.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Hand_ap FB 1.0 4.8 2.0 1.0 0.0 4.8 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/1.0 5/0.0 SF25F25

Finger SW 1.2 4.5 4.0 1.0 0.0 4.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF40F25

Hand_obl FB 1.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 4.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/1.0 5/0.0 SQ25F25

Leg FB 1.0 3.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.6 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

Foot FB 1.2 3.1 2.5 0.6 0.0 4.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
Philips Medical Systems

Knee FB 1.1 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/2.0/0.8 5/0.0 SF25F25

Default FB 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 1.0 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/1.5/2.5 5/0.0 SF25F25

FBD09G18SB20SP0 FB 0.9 1.8 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC20

FBD09G20SB25SP0 FB 0.9 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC25

FBD10G20SB20SP0 FB 1.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC25

38 Appendix UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Key percentage 8.12

Examination D G SB EQ NR DC BAL WCL/SCL SO NR SF Ranger

FBD10G36SB20SP0 FB 1.0 3.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.6 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC30

FBD10G36SB20SP0 FB 1.0 3.6 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC38

FBD10G45SB20SP0 FB 1.0 4.5 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC36

FBD10G48SB20SP1 FB 1.0 4.8 2.0 1.0 0.0 4.8 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/1.0 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC48

FBD11G20SB20SP0 FB 1.1 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/2.0/0.8 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC25

FBD12G31SB25SP0 FB 1.2 3.1 2.5 0.6 0.0 4.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
6DC45

FBD13G30SB10SP0 FB 1.3 3.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.7 3.0/5.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/1.0 5/0.0 SF25F25
0DC36

SCLD10G30SB33SP SCL 1.0 3.0 3.3 -0.4 0.0 3.3 0.7 3.0/5.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
m04DC33

SCLD12G20SB10SP SCL 1.2 2.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/2.0/0.8 5/0.0 SF25F25
00DC20

SCLD12G20SB20SP SCL 1.2 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
00DC25

SWLD08G20SB20SP SW 0.8 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
00DC25 L

SWLD10G30SB25SP SW 1.0 3.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 3.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF25F25
00DC35 L

SWLD12G45SB40SP SW 1.2 4.5 4.0 1.0 0.0 4.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.0/0.1/0.5 5/0.0 SF40F25
10DC45_P4 L

FBD10G30SB40SP1 FB 1.0 3.0 4.0 1.0 0.0 4.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 2.0/1.0/1.0 5/0.0 SQ25F25
0DC45

FCD1604SB20SPm0 FC 1.6 0.4 2.0 -0.4 0.3 3.0 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.4/1.3/1.2 5/0.0 AH90F6
4DC31
27 Apr 2005

FCD15G20SB20SPm FC 1.5 2.0 2.0 -0.3 0.3 3.1 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.6/2.0/1.2 5/0.0 SH90F6
03DC31

FCD15G26SB20SPm FC 1.5 2.6 4.0 0.6 0.3 3.5 0.9 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.6/1.3/1.2 5/0.0 SH90F6
03DC31
Philips Medical Systems

NA chest auto FC 1.8 D2=0.6 2.0 -0.4 0 3.0 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 0.8/2.0/1.2 Half/ 90%/6%
full

NA Cspine ap SCL 1.2 3.0 2.4 0 0 3.6 0.6 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Quar- 25%
ter

NA Cspine lat SCL 1.2 2.2 3.5 0.3 0 2.6 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 60%

NA dens FB 1.0 2.0 3.0 0 0 2.2 0.3 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA elbow FB 1.1 2.0 4.0 0 0 3.0 0.9 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA foot and obl FC 0.8 2.2 3.5 0.2 0 2.8 0.4 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1 Appendix 39

8.12 Key percentage

Examination D G SB EQ NR DC BAL WCL/SCL SO NR SF Ranger

NA foot lat FB 1.0 2.8 5.0 1.0 0 4.0 0.6 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA hand SWL 1.2 2.5 4.0 1.0 0 3.0 0.5 3.0/7.0 1.0 N/A Full 25%

NA hip SCL 1.1 3.0 3.3 0 0 3.3 0.7 3.0/5.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA knee FB 1.1 2.0 2.8 0 0 3.0 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA knee non grid SCL 1.1 3.0 2.8 0 0 3.6 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA Lspine ap SCL 1.2 3.0 3.0 -0.3 0 3.9 0.9 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full v

NA Lspine lat SCL 1.1 2.5 1.5 -0.6 0 2.5 0.7 3.0/7.0 3.0 N/A Full 25%

NA pelvis FB 1.1 3.5 2.5 0 0 3.6 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full

NA pelvis sharp SWL 1.3 3.5 4.5 0.2 0 3.6 0.6 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA rib upper auto FC 1.8 D2=0.9 2.0 -0.4 0 3.0 0.7 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Half/ 90%/6%
full

NA ribs lower FB 1.0 1.5 4.0 0 0 2.5 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA shoulder FB 1.0 1.1 3.5 0 0 2.5 0.9 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA skull SWL 1.1 2.0 2.7 0 0 3.2 0.8 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

NA skull lat SCL 1.0 1.5 4.0 0 0 2.0 0.6 3.0/7.0 0.0 N/A Full 25%

Philips Medical Systems

40 Appendix UNIQUE Application Guide Rel. 1

 Index

A N
Auto mode 28 Nonlinear 8

B O
Bandpass images 8 Overall contrast 18, 20
Basic settings 10
Bone images 15
Brightness 19 R
Radiographic density 7
Region of interest 19
D
Dynamic Range Reconstruction 7
S
Semi mode 27
E Sharpness Enhancement 26
Expert settings 10 Sharpness Filter 26
Export filter 12, 16 Sharpness Kernel 26
Signal-to-noise ratio 23

H
HCU calibration 12, 16 U
High contrast film 20 Unsharp Masking 7

I
Integrational 9

K
Key characteristics 8
Philips Medical Systems

L
Low contrast film 20
Lung images 13

M
Manual mode 26
Multiresolution 8
Multiresolution image processing 6

I n dex 41
Philips Medical Systems is part Asia
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