1. Suppose X is normally distributed with a mean of 5 and a standard deviation of 0.35.
Using the standard score formula, we find the z-score as 1.25. What is the value of X?
Given : Mean = 5
Standard deviation = 0.35
Z-score = 1.25
x=?
Solution : Formula: z = X – μ /σ x = (z)(σ) + μ
x = (z)(σ) + μ
x = (1.25)(0.35) + 5
x = 0.4375 + 5
x = 5.4375 5.44
Checking:
z = x – μ /σ z = 5.4375 – 5 /0.35 => 0.4375/0.35 => z = 1.25
Answer : The value of x is 5.44
2. What will be the probability if X ≥ 230, given that a normal distribution has µ = 240 and δ = 3.1
Given : Mean = 240
Standard deviation = 3.1
X ≥ x = X ≥ 230
Solution : Formula: P(X ≥ x) = 1 – P(Z ≥ x)
P(X ≥ 230) = Z = x – μ /σ
P(X ≥ 230) = Z = 230 – 240 / 3.1
P(X ≥ x) = Z = -10 / 3.1
P(X ≥ x) = Z = -3.23
Z-score value of -3.23 = 0.0006
P(Z ≥ -3.23) = 0.0006
P(X ≥ x) = 1 – P(Z ≥ x)
P(X ≥ x) = 1 – 0.0006
P(X ≥ x) = 0.9994 or 99.94%
Answer : The probability is 0.9994 or 99.94%.
3. The average hourly wage of workers at a fast-food restaurant is ₱338/hr. Assume the wages
are normally distributed with a standard deviation of ₱23. If a worker at this fast-food
restaurant is selected at random, what is the probability that the worker earns more than
₱350?
Given : Mean = 338
Standard deviation = 23
X > x= X > 350
Solution : Formula: P(X > x) = 1 - P(Z > x)
P(X > 350) = Z = x – μ /σ
P(X > 350) = Z = 350 – 338 /23
P(X > 350) = Z = -12 /23
P(X > 350) = Z = -0.52
Z-score value of -0.52 = 0.6985
P(Z > x) = 0.6985
P(X > 350) = 1 - P(Z > x)
P(X > 350) = 1 – 0.6985
P(X > 350) = 0.3015 or 30.15%
Answer : The probability is 0.3015 or 30.15%.
4. On the day before an exam in an online class, students e-mailed questions to the professor at a
rate of 1 every 18 minutes, exponentially distributed. Determine the probability that the
interval between succeeding messages is more than an hour.
Given : Mean = 1/18 0.05555555556
x = 1 hour 60
X = exponentially distributed e-mailed questions
Solution : Formula: P(X > x) = e
-μx
-μx
P(X > 60) = e
-(0. 05555555556)(60)
P(X > 60) = e
-3.3333
P(X > 60) = e
P(X > 60) = 0.035674 0.0357 or 3.57%
Answer : The probability is 0.0357 or 3.57%.
5. For an exponential distribution, what is the probability that the value of the exponential
random variable with parameter µ = 3 will be having a value higher that 0.2454?
Given : Mean = 3
x = 0.2454
X = exponential random variable
Solution : Formula: P(X > x) = e
-μx
-(3)(0.2454)
P(X > 0.2454) = e
-0.7362
P(X > 0.2454) = e
P(X > 0.2454) = 0.4789 or 47.89%
Answer : The probability is 0.4789 or 47.89%.
6. A normal distribution has a mean of 8 and a standard deviation of 10. What is the probability
of selecting a value between 7 and 9.5?
Given : Mean = 8
Standard deviation = 10
P(x1 < X < x2) = P(7 < X < 9.5)
-μx1
Solution : Formula: P(x1 < X < x2) = P(X < x2) - P(X < x1) = e - e-μx2
P(X < x1) = z = x – μ /σ P(X < 7) = z = 7 – 8 /10
P(X < 7) = z = – 1/10 -0.1
Z-score value of z = 0.4602
P(X < x2) = z = x – μ /σ P(X < 9.5) = z = 9.5 – 8 /10
P(X < 9.5) = z = 1.5/10 0.15
Z-score value of z = 0.5596
-(8)(0.4602)
P(7 < X < 9.5) = P(X < 9.5) - P(X < 7) = e - e-(8)(0.5596)
-(3.6816)
P(7 < X < 9.5) = P(X < 9.5) - P(X < 7) = e - e-(4.4768)
P(7 < X < 9.5) = P(X < 9.5) - P(X < 7) = 0.02518265034 – 0.01136973817
P(7 < X < 9.5) = P(X < 9.5) - P(X < 7) = 0.01381291217 0.0138 or 1.38%
Answer : The probability is 0.0138 or 1.38%
