Number System

Easy
1. Two baskets contain 183 and 242 Apples respectively, which are distributed in equal number among children. Find the
largest number of apples that can be given, so that 3 apples are left over from the first basket and 2 from the second.
183-3 = 180
142-2 = 240
HCF of 240, 180 = 60

2. Three gold coins of weight 780gm, 840gm and 960gm are cut into small pieces, all of which have the equal weight.
Each piece must be heavy as possible. If one such piece is shared by two persons, then how many persons are needed to
give all the pieces of gold coins?

Find HCF of 780, 840, 960 to get the heaviest weight possible.
780 = 60*13
840 = 60*14
960 = 60*16
So, no more common factors. HCF is 60.
Therefore every coin will be of 60gm.
After Cutting first coin we will have 780/60 = 13 coins
After Cutting second coin we will have 840/60 = 14 coins
After Cutting third coin we will have 960/60 = 16 coins
Total coins after cutting = 13+14+16 = 43
Each coin will be shared by 2 persons. So 43 coins will be shared by 43*2 = 86 persons.

3. Three numbers which are co-prime to each other are such that the product of the first two is 551 and that of the last two
is 1073. The sum of the three numbers is:
All three numbers are co-prime to each other, So the common factor is 1.
Product of the first two numbers=551
Product of the last two numbers=1073
HCF of 551 and1073 is the middle number.
Middle number, HCF(551,1073)=29
First number=551/29
=19
Last number =1073/29
=37
Sum of the three numbers =19+29+37=85

4. The HCF of two numbers, each having three digits, is 17 and their LCM is 714. The sum of the numbers will be:
Let the numbers be 17x and 17y where x and y are co-prime.
LCM = 17xy
Now, 17xy = 714
Or, xy = 42 = 6 × 7
→x = 6 and y = 7
Or, x = 7 and y = 6
1st number = 17 × 6 = 102
2nd number = 17 × 7 = 119
Sum = 102 + 119 = 221

5. How many ways are there to divide 50 people into three groups so that each group contains members equal to a prime
number?

The Sum of all three Groups is 50

And sum of 3 odd numbers can't be 50.
So, we need one even prime number. and there is only one even prime no. is 2.
So, One Group has 2 people its fix.
Now, we need to distribute 48 people in two even numbers groups.
So, the available combinations of Groups are :
(2, 5, 43)
(2, 7, 41)
(2, 11, 37)
(2, 17, 31)
( 2, 19, 29)

6. What is the least number of soldiers that can be drawn up in troops of 12, 15 18 and 20 soldiers and also in form of a
square?

In this type of problems, we find the LCM of three numbers first and then we look for what makes the LCM a perfect
square.
1st term = 12 = 2 * 2 * 3
2nd term = 15 = 3 * 5
3rd term = 18 = 2 * 3 * 3
4th term = 20 = 2 * 2 * 5
Hence, LCM (12, 15, 18, 20)
= 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 5 = 180
Since the LCM = 180 is not a perfect square, we make it a perfect square by multiplying 5 (which is the least value to be
multiplied).
Then 180 * 5 = 900 = 30², a perfect square.
Therefore, 900 soliders can be drawn up in the form of a square.

7. A forester wants to plant 44 apples tree, 66 banana trees and 110 mango trees in equal rows (in terms of number of
trees). Also, he wants to make distinct rows of tree (i.e. only one type of tree in one row). The number of rows (minimum)
that required is:
In such case,

we first need to find the HCF of 44,66,110.

44=2× 2 × 11
66=2× 3 × 11
110=2 × 5 ×11
HCF 2 ×11 = 22
Then, the required numbers of rows,
44/22+66/22+110/22
=10

8. A set has exactly five consecutive positive integers starting with 1. What is the percentage decrease in the average of
the numbers when the greatest one of the numbers is removed from the set?

we are given, set of consecutive integers starting with 11 hence our set consists of:
{1,2,3,4,51,2,3,4,5}
avg of this set = 1+2+3+4+5/5=15/5=3
if the largest number is removed from the set the new set is {1,2,3,41,2,3,4} as 55 is removed
The avg of the new set is 104=2.5104=2.5
decrease =3−2.5/3∗100=16.66

9. The sum of four numbers is 64. If you add 3 to the first number, 3 is subtracted from the second number, the third is
multiplied by 3 and the fourth is divided by 3, then all the results are equal. What is the difference between the largest and
the smallest of the original numbers ?

Let the four numbers be , A, B, C and D

Let A + 3 = B - 3 = 3C = D/3
=x
Then,
A=x-3
B=x+3
C = x3
D = 3x
⇔A+B+C+D=64⇔(x−3)+(x+3)+x/3+3x=64⇔5x+x/3=64⇔16x=192⇔x=12
Thus, the numbers are 9, 15, 4 and 36
∴ Required difference :
= (36 - 4)
= 32

10. When a number is subtracted from the number 8,12 and 20, the remainders are in continued proportion, Find the
number ?

8-x / 12 –x = 12-x /20 –x

(8-x)(20-x) = (12 – x)(12 –x)
160 – 8x – 20x + x2 = 144 – 12x – 12x + x2
4x = 16
x=4

11. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a positive fraction is 11. If 2 is added to both numerator and
denominator, the fraction is increased by 1/24. The difference of numerator and denominator of the fraction is:
Let the numerator and denominator be x and 11 - x

According to question
fraction =x/11−x
x+2/11−x+2=x/11−x*1/24
x+2/13−x−x/11−x=1/24
11x+22−x^2−2x−13x+x^2/(13−x)(11−x)=1/24
528−96x=143−24x+x^2
X^2+72x−385=0
(x+77)(x−5)=0
x=5
Numerator (x) = 5
Denominator = 11 - 5 = 6
Difference = 6 - 5 = 1

12. A snapshot measures 5/2 inches by 15/8 inches. It is to be enlarged so that the longer dimension will be 4 inches. The
length of the enlarged shorter dimension will be

sides ratio = 5/2 : 15/8 = 4/3 (big/small)

Let x be shorter side of enlarged snapshot
4/3=4/x
x=3

13. A school has 10 classes with the same number of students in each class on Wednesday 5 classes were half filled 3
classes were 3/4 filled and 2 classes were 1/8 empty. If a total of 70 students were absent how many students attend this
school?

Let x=number of students in each class.

Then 10x=total number of students in school.
If 5 classes are half full then we have 5x/2 students absent.
If 3 classes are 3/4 full that means that (1/4)*3x students are absent.
If 2 classes are 1/8 empty that means that (1/8)*2x students are absent.
Now we are told that
(5x/2)+(1/4)*3x+(1/8)*2x=70
(5x/2)+(3x/4)+(x/4)=70
10x+3x+x=280
14x=280
x=20 ……………….number of students in each class
10x=10*20=200…………..number of student in this school

14. On dividing a number by 5, we get 3 as remainder. What will the remainder when the square of the this number is
divided by 5 ?

Let the number be x and on dividing x by 5, we get k as quotient and 3 as remainder

∴ x = 5k + 3
⇒ x2 = (5k + 3)2
⇒ x2 = (25k2 + 30k + 9)
⇒ x2 = 5 (5k2 + 6k + 1) + 4
∴ On dividing x2 by 5, we get 4 as remainder

15. What is the least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a remainder 3, but when divided by 9 leaves no
remainder?

LCM of 5, 6, 7 and 8 = 840

Hence the number can be written in the form (840k + 3) which is divisible by 9
If k = 1, number = (840 × 1) + 3 = 843 which is not divisible by 9
If k = 2, number = (840 × 2) + 3 = 1683 which is divisible by 9
Hence, 1683 is the least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a remainder 3, but when divided by 9 leaves
no remainder

16. The difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing the larger number by the smaller, we get 6 as quotient and the 15
as remainder. What is the smaller number ?
Let the smaller number be x. Then larger number = (x + 1365).
x + 1365 = 6x + 15
5x = 1350
x = 270
Smaller number = 270.

17. Find the three digit prime number whose sum of the digits is 11 and each digit representing a prime number. Justify
your answer.

Since the sum of the 3 digits is 11 and each digit represents a prime number,
So, the number less than 11 .
And the 3 digits may be 2,2,7 or 3,3,5
Because 2+2+7=11 and 3+3+5=11
Now using the digit 2,2,7 we have prime number 227 .Because other two numbers i.e. 722 and 272 are divisible by 2 and
thus are not prime
Similarly 353 is prime number other two numbers 533 & 335 is not prime number
In case of 227, sum of the digits is 2+2+7 = 11.
And 2, 2, 7 all the digits are prime.
Similarly, In case of 353, sum of the digits is 3+5+3 = 11.
And 3, 5, 3 all the digits are prime.
Answer: 227 & 353

18. A number consists of 3 digits whose sum is 10. The middle digit is equal to the sum of the other two and the number
will be increased by 99 if its digits are reversed. The number is?

Let the middle digit be x

Then 2x=10 or x=5 So, the number is either 253 or 352 and another pair is 154 or 451
Since the number increases on reversing the digits, so the hundred's digits is smaller than the units digit
Hence, required number is 253 because154 and451 difference is not 99.
19. A number consists of 3 digits whose sum is 10. The middle digit is equal to the sum of the other two and the number
will be increased by 99 if its digits are reversed. The number is?

Let the middle digit be x

Then 2x=10 or x=5 So, the number is either 253 or 352 and another pair is 154 or 451
Since the number increases on reversing the digits, so the hundred's digits is smaller than the units digit
Hence, required number is 253 because154 and451 difference is not 99

20. The average of 7 consecutive numbers is n. If the next two numbers are included, the average will​ -

Avg of 7 no= (7+1)/2 = 8/2 = 4

Avg of 9 no = (9+1)/2 = 5
5- 4 = 1
Hence increased by 1
2. A gardener plants his garden with 5550 trees and arranged them so that there is one plant more per row as there are
rows then number of trees in a row is:

Let there be n rows, then number of trees in each row = (n + 1)

Thus, total number of trees,
n × (n +1) = 5550
Now, at this moment this problem can be solved in two ways. First by finding the roots of quadratic equation. Second, by
using the values from options.
74 × 75 = 5550
i.e. (n + 1) = 75

Medium

22. Sum of 2 numbers is 128 and their HCF is 8. How many numbers of pairs of numbers will satisfy this condition?

Since HCF = 8 is highest common factor among those numbers

So, let first no = 8x, 2nd number = 8y
So 8x + 8y = 128
x + y = 16
the co-prime numbers which sum up 16 are (1,15), (3,13), (5,11), and (7,9) *co-prime numbers are those which do no
have any factor in common. These pairs are taken here because in HCF highest common factor is taken, so the remaining
multiples x and y must have no common factors.
Since there are 4 pairs of co-prime numbers here, there will be 4 pairs of numbers satisfying given conditions. These are
(8*1, 8*15), (8*3, 8*13) , (8*5, 8*11) , (8*7, 8*9)

23.The sum of two numbers is 684 and their HCF is 57. Find all possible pairs of such numbers.

Since, HCF of two numbers = 57

Hence, numbers are multiples of 57
Let, the numbers be 57x and 57y, where x and y are prime to each other.
According to the sum,
57x + 57y = 684
Or, x + y = 12
Hence, required possible pair of values of x and y which are prime to each other are (1, 11) and (5, 7).
Thus, required pairs of numbers are,
{57 × 1 = 57 and 57 × 11 = 627}
{57 × 5 = 285 and 57 × 7 = 399}

24. The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of the digits of that number is 4 : 1. If the digit in the unit's place is
3 more than the digit in the ten's place, then the number is ?

Let the ten's digit be x

Then, units digit = x + 3
Number = 10x + (x + 3)
= 11x + 3
Sum of digits = x + (x + 3)
= 2x + 3
∴11x+32/x+3=4/1
⇔11x+3=8x+12⇔3x=9⇔x=3
Hence, Required number
= 11x + 3
= 11 × 3 + 3
= 36

25. If the sum of the digits of a two-digit number is subtracted from the number, how many two-digit numbers can be
formed so that the digit in the unit place of the resulting number is 6?

Let, the unit digit be y and tenth digit be x :. The number = (10x + y).
The resulting number (10x+y)-(x+y) = 9x
Putting the value of x = 1, 2, 3, 4....
When the value of x is 4, then the resulting number is 36 which has the unit place is 6.
Now, the required resulting numbers are: [The number (Sum of the digits) = 36]
40-(4+0)=36, 41-(4+1)=36, 42-(4+2)=36, 43-(4+3) = 36, 44-(4+4)=36, 45-(4+5)=36, 46-(4+6)=36, 47-(4+7)= 36, 48 -
(4+8)= 36, 49-(4+9)=36
There are 10 numbers.
Ans: 10

26. If 5 is added to the sum of two digits of a number consisting of two digits, the sum will be three times the digits of the
tens place. Moreover, if the places of the digits are interchanged, the number thus found will be 9 less than the original
number. Find the number.

Let, ten's digit=x and unit's digit = y

.. The number = 10x+y.
According to the question, [Example, 76-10×7+6]
x+y+5 = 3x
Or, y = 3x-x-5
.y=2x-5..........(1)
and,
10y+x=(10x+y)-9 [Interchanging the place, we get (10y+x)]
Or, 10y-y= 10x-x-9
Or, 9y = 9x-9
Or, 9y=9(x-1)
Or, y = x-1
Or, 2x-5 = x-1 [from equation (1)]
x=4
Putting the value in equation (1)
y=2×4-5 = 3.
The number 10x4+3 = 43 (Ans.)

27. In a two-digit number, the digit in the unit's place is more than twice the digit in ten's place by 1. If the digits in the
unit's place and the ten's place are interchanged, difference between the newly formed number and the oiginal number is
less than the original number by 1. What is the original number ?

Let the ten's digit be x. Then, unit's digit = 2x + 1.

[10x + (2x + 1)] - [{10 (2x + 1) + x} - {10x + (2x + 1)}] = 1
<=> (12x + 1) - (9x + 9) = 1 <=> 3x = 9, x = 3.
So, ten's digit = 3 and unit's digit = 7. Hence, original number = 37.
28. If a number of two digits is divided by the product of its digits, the quotient is 2. When 27 is added to the number, the
digits in the number change their places. What are the two numbers?

Let the 2 digit number be equal to 10a + b.

(10a + b)/ab= 2.
Thus 10a + b = 2ab <=> 2ab — b = 10a
b (2a — 1) = 10a <=> b = 10a / (2a — 1)
equation (1)
(10a + b) + 27 = 10b + a
9a — 9b + 27 = 0
a—b+3=0
a = b — 3 equation (2)
Substitute (2) into (1)
b = 10 (b — 3) / (2 (b — 3) — 1)
= (10b — 30) / (2b — 6 — 1)
= 10b — 30 / (2b — 7)
b (2b — 7) = 10b — 30
2b^2 — 7b = 10b — 30
2b^2 — 17b + 30 = 0
(2b — 5) (b — 6) = 0
b = 2.5 or 6
But b as a digit must be a whole number.
So b = 6.
Substitute into equation (2)
a = (6) — 3 = 3
The two digit number is 36.
Check: 36 / (3 × 6) = 2
36 + 27 = 63.

29. The digit in the unit’s place of a number is equal to the digit in the ten’s place of half of that number and the digit in
the tens lade of that number is less than the digit in unit’s place of half of the number by 1. If the sum of the digits of the
digits of the number is 7, then what is the number?

Let the digit in units place be y

the digit in tens place be x
Then, number is 10x + y
Digit in the tens place of half of the number =y
Digit in the units place of half of the number = (x+1)
Therefore, half of the number = 10y+(x+1)
(10x+y)/2 = 10y+x+1
10x+y = 20y+2x+2
8x−19y = 2 <==equation 1
x+y=7
(x+y=7)8
8x + 8y = 56 <==equation 2
8x + 8y = 56
- (8x−19y = 2)
_____________
27y = 54
y=2
x=7− y
x=7 - 2
x=5
The number is 52.
30. A three-digit number in which the digit in the units place is the smallest of the three digits is such that the sum of the
squares of the digits is 149. if each of the digits is replaced by its predecessor, the new number formed has two digits
common with the original number. the digit in the units place of the original number is-

as even after replacing the digits by their predecessor ,the number formed has two digits common with the original
number it means that all the three digits are consequent
ACC TO QUES. SUM OF THE SQ. OF ALL DIGITS IS 149 THEN only on situation is possible that the digits are 6,7,8,
HENCE THE SMALLEST(DIGIT AT ONES) IS 6

31. In a three-digit number, the digit in the unit's place is 75% of the digit in the ten's place. The digit in the ten's place is
greater than the digit in the hundred's place by 1. If the sum of the digits in the ten's place and the hundred's place is 15.
What is the number ?

Let the hundred's digit = x

Then, ten's digit = (x + 1)
Unit's digit :
=75% of (x+1)=3/4(x+1)
∴(x+1)+x=15⇔2x=14⇔x=7
So, hundred's digit = 7
Ten's digit = 8
Unit's digit :
=3/4(x+1)=3/4(7+1)=3/4(8)=6
Hence, required number = 786

32. In a 4-digit number, the sum of the first two digits is equal to that of last two digits. The sum of the first and last digits
is equal to third digit. Finally, the sum of the second and fourth digits is twice the sum of the other two digits. What is the
third digit of the number?

Let the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits be a, b, c and d respectively.
Then,
a + b = c + d ----------(i)
a + d = c ----------(ii )
b + d = 2(a + c) ----------(iii)
from eqn. (i) and (ii),
a + b = a + 2d
→b = 2d
and eq (iii);
2d + d = 2(a + a + d)
→ 3d = 2(2a + d) → d = 4a
or, a = d/4;
→ Now, from eqn. (ii),
a + d = d/4+ d = 5d/4 = c
Or, c = 5/4d
The value of d can be either 4 or 8.
If d = 4, then c = 5
If d = 8, then c = 10
But the value of c should be less than 10
Hence, value of c would be 5

33. Two different numbers are divided by the same divisor and left remainder 11 and 17 respectively and when their sum
was divided by the same divisor, remainder was 4. What is the divisor?

Let the divisor = D

so, first number = D*a + 11 and second number = D*b +17
so sum of numbers = D*(a + b) + 28
given that remainder is 4 so, the number is 24
34. In a certain office, 1/3 of workers are women, 1/2 of the women are married and 1/3 of the married women have
children. If 3/4 of the men are married and 2/3 of the married men have children, what part of the workers are without
children?

Let the total number of workers be x. Then,

Number of women = x/3 and number of men = x - x/3 = 2x/3
Number of women having children = x/18
Number of men having children = x/3
Number of workers having children = (x/18) + (x/3) = 7x/18
Therefore, workers having no children = x - 7x/18 = 11/18 of all workers.

35. When x is divided by 13, the answer is y with a remainder of 3. When x is divided by 7 the answer is z with a
remainder of 3. If x,y, and z are all positive integers, what is the remainder of yz/13?
13y+ 3= x= 7z+3
13y=7z
So,y=7 and z=13
Therefore YZ/13 gives remainder as 0

Hard

36. a, b, c, d, and e are five consecutive numbers in increasing order of size. Deleting one of the five
numbers from the set decreased the sum of the remaining numbers in the set by 20%. Which one of
the following numbers was deleted?

Let, a=x
As the series is increasing in order of size. So, b=x+1,e=x+2, d=x+3, e=x+4.
Therefore, the sum of five consecutive numbers is x+x+1+x+2+x+3+x+4= 5x+10 Again, let the deleted number is Y.
According to question,
(5x+10)-(5x+10-Y) = 20% of (5x+10)
Or, 5x+10-5x-10+Y= (5x+10)x 20/100
Or, Y= (5x+10)*1/5 Y=x+2
So, the deleted number is (x+2). This is the value of "c" (Ans.)

37. A number when divided successively by 4 and 5 leaves remainder 1 and 4 respectively. when it is successively
divided by 5 and 4, then the respective remainders will be?

Let the number be X.

When you divide X by 4 it gives remainder 1.
Let the dividend here be Y
⇒X=4Y+1 ...(1)
Now, when we divide Y by 5, we get remainder 4.
We take quotient as 1, as 5 divided Y completely.
⇒Y=1×5+4=9
Putting Y=9 in eqn (1), we get
X=4×9+1=37
Now, 37 divide by 5 and 4 respective it will gives 2 and 3.

38. After the division of a number successively by 3, 4 and 7, the remainder obtained is 2, 1 and 4 respectively. What will
be remainder if 84 divide the same number?

As the Number gives a remainder of 4 when it is divided by 7, then the number must be in form of (7x + 4)
The same gives remainder 1 when it is divided 4, so the number must be in the form of {4 × (7x + 4) + 1}
Also, the number when divided by 3 gives remainder 2, thus number must be in form of [3 × {4 × (7x + 4) + 1} + 2]
Now, On simplifying,
[3 × {4 × (7x + 4) + 1} + 2]
= 84x + 53
We get the final number 53 more than a multiple of 84 Hence, if the number is divided by 84,
The remainder will be 53

39. Two different numbers are divided by the same divisor and left remainder 11 and 17 respectively and when their sum
was divided by the same divisor, remainder was 4. What is the divisor?

Let the two numbers be N1 and N2 . ​ ​

N1 gives a remainder of 11 when divided by some divisor D. Hence N1 has to be 11 more than a multiple of D. In quotient remainder form
​ ​

we can write as N1 =D.Q1 +11......(1)

​ ​

Similarly, N2 gives a remainder of 17 when divided by the same divisor D. Hence N2 has to be 17 more than a multiple of D. In quotient
​ ​

remainder form we can write as N2 =D.Q2 +17......(2) ​ ​

where Q1 and Q2 are quotients.

​ ​

Adding (1) and (2) we get N1 +N2 =D(Q1 +Q2 )+28

​ ​ ​ ​

As per the question, the sum gives a remainder of 4 when divided by the same divisor D. Hence the divisor has to be 4 less than 28.
(since D(Q1 +Q2 ) is divisible by D )
​ ​

So we get D=28−4=24

40. A number when divided by a divisor leaves a remainder of 24. When twice the original number is divided by the same
divisor, the remainder is 11. What is the value of the divisor?

Decode "A number when divided by a divisor leaves a remainder of 24"

Let the original number be 'a'.
Let the divisor be 'd'.
Let the quotient of dividing 'a' by 'd' be 'x'.
Therefore, we can write the division as ad = x and the remainder is 24.
i.e., a = dx + 24

Step 2 Decode "When twice the original number is divided by the same divisor, the remainder is 11"
Twice the original number is divided by 'd' means 2a is divided by d.
We know from Step 1 that a = dx + 24.
Therefore, 2a = 2(dx + 48) or 2a = 2dx + 48
When (2dx + 48) is divided by 'd' the remainder is 11.
2dx is divisible by 'd' and will therefore, not leave a remainder.
The remainder of 11 would be the remainder of dividing 48 by d.
The question essentially becomes "What number will leave a remainder of 11 when it divides 48?"
When 37 divides 48, the remainder is 11.
Hence, the divisor is 37.

41. prove the product of any 4 consecutive natural number plus 1 is always a perfect square?

Adding with their product we get,

x (x+1) (x+2) (x+ 3) +1=x(x+3) (n+1) (n+2)+ 1
= (x2+3x) (x²+3x+2)+1
=(a+2)+1[x2+3x-a]
=(a2+2a+1)
= (a + 1)2 =(x²+3x+1) which is a perfect square number.

42. Prove that the product of two consecutive even integer is divisible by 8.

let, corsider the number be

2x, (2x+2),
its product =2x(2x+2)
=4x2+4x
= 4x(x+1)

Here, lowest naturnal number is 1,

so, x (x +1) will be minimum even number 2
=4*1*2=8
which is divisable by 8.