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EE 355 A: Computer Programming in C++ (E) : (Lecture-2) Topic

This document provides a summary of variables and data types in C++ including: 1) Variables are used to store and manipulate data in C++. Variables must follow naming conventions and cannot be keywords. 2) C++ supports basic data types like int, char, float, and boolean. Each data type occupies a different amount of memory. 3) The document demonstrates how to declare variables, take input, display output, and perform type casting in C++. Both implicit and explicit type conversion methods like cast operators are covered.

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60 views10 pages

EE 355 A: Computer Programming in C++ (E) : (Lecture-2) Topic

This document provides a summary of variables and data types in C++ including: 1) Variables are used to store and manipulate data in C++. Variables must follow naming conventions and cannot be keywords. 2) C++ supports basic data types like int, char, float, and boolean. Each data type occupies a different amount of memory. 3) The document demonstrates how to declare variables, take input, display output, and perform type casting in C++. Both implicit and explicit type conversion methods like cast operators are covered.

Uploaded by

lucky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EE 355 A: Computer Programming in C++ (E)

(Lecture-2)

Topic:
• Variables & Data types in C++
• C++ Basic Input/output
• Type Casting in C++

Department of Electrical engineering


MBM Engineering College, Jodhpur
2
C++ Variables
a variable is a container (storage area) to hold data.
example, // The int data type suggests that the variable can only hold integers.
int b = 7;
The value of a variable can be changed, hence the name variable.
• A variable name can only have alphabets, numbers, and the underscore _.
int b = 7; // b is 7
• A variable name cannot begin with a number.
b = 10; // b is 10 • Variable names should not begin with an uppercase character.
• A variable name cannot be a keyword.

C++ Constants
In C++, we can create variables whose value cannot be changed. For that, we use the const keyword.

Example:
const int xyz = 10;
xyz = 25 // Error! xyz is a constant.

3
Data Type in C++
Data of different types take a different amounts of memory to store. In C++, data types are
declarations for variables. This determines the type and size of data associated with variables. Here
are the built-in datatypes we will use most often:

Type Keyword
Boolean bool
Character char
Integer int
Floating point float
Double floating point double
Valueless void

4
C++ Type Modifiers
Type Typical Bit Width Typical Range
char 1byte -127 to 127 or 0 to 255
unsigned char 1byte 0 to 255
signed char 1byte -127 to 127
int 4bytes -2147483648 to 2147483647

unsigned int 4bytes 0 to 4294967295


signed int 4bytes -2147483648 to 2147483647

short int 2bytes -32768 to 32767


unsigned short int 2bytes 0 to 65,535
signed short int 2bytes -32768 to 32767
long int 8bytes -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

signed long int 8bytes same as long int


unsigned long int 8bytes 0 to 4,294,967,295
long long int 8bytes -(2^63) to (2^63)-1 5
C++ Basic Input/output
include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
int num1 = 50;
double num2 = 25.7;
char ch = 'A';

cout << num1 << endl; // print integer


cout << num2 << endl; // print double
cout << "character: " << ch << endl; // print char
return 0;
}

Output
50
25.7
character: A
6
C++ Taking Multiple Inputs/outputs

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
Output
int main( )
{ Enter a character and an integer: A
char a; 25
int num; Character: A
Number: 25
cout << "Enter a character and an integer: ";
cin >> a >> num;

cout << "Character: " << a << endl;


cout << "Number: " << num;

return 0;
}

7
Type conversion.
C++ allows us to convert data of one type to that of another. This is known as type conversion.

There are two types of type conversion in C++.


• Implicit Conversion
• Explicit Conversion (also known as Type Casting)

Implicit Conversion (Automatic Conversion)


The type conversion that is done automatically done by the compiler is known as implicit type conversion.
// Working of implicit type-conversion
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{ // assigning an int value to num_int cout << "num_int = " << num_int << endl;
int num_int = 9; cout << "num_double = " << num_double << endl;

// declaring a double type variable return 0;


double num_double; }

// implicit conversion Output


num_double = num_int; num_int = 9 8
num_double = 9
C++ Explicit Conversion
Changing data from one type to another, this is known as explicit conversion.
This type of conversion is also known as type casting.
• C-style type casting (also known as cast notation)
• Function notation (also known as old C++ style type casting)
• Type conversion operators

C-style Type Casting


It is also known as cast notation.

The syntax for this style is:

(data_type)expression;
For example,

// initializing int variable // declaring double variable


int num_int = 26; double num_double;

// converting from int to double


num_double = (double)num_int;
9
Type Casting
Output
#include <iostream>
num_double = 3.56
using namespace std; num_int1 = 3
num_int2 = 3
int main()
{
// initializing a double variable Type casting using Cast operator
double num_double = 3.56;
cout << "num_double = " << num_double << endl; #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// C-style conversion from double to int int main()
int num_int1 = (int)num_double; {
cout << "num_int1 = " << num_int1 << endl; float f = 3.5;

// function-style conversion from double to int // using cast operator


int num_int2 = int(num_double); int b = static_cast<int>(f);
cout << "num_int2 = " << num_int2 << endl;
cout << b;
return 0; } 10
}

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