Language is a tool for expressing and PEOPLE’S LANGUAGE - NATURAL
recording human thoughts. LANGUAGE
Programming languages - a programming COMPUTER LANGUAGE -MACHINE
language is defined by a certain set of rigid LANGUAGE
rules, much more inflexible than any natural
PORTABILITY -programs written in high-
language.
level language can translate to number of
Lexicon – rules determine which symbols different machine languages and thus
(letters, digits, punctuation marks, and so enable them to use on many different
on. languages.
Syntax- set of rules determines the COMPILER -specialized computer program
appropriate ways of collating the symbols.
COMPILATION -process of translating from
SEMANTICS- Recognized the meaning of high-level language into a machine
every statement expressed in the given language.
language.
SOURCE CODE – just text, SOURCE
ERROR FREE THREE WAYS:
SOURCE FILES- File which contains the
- LEXICALLY source.
- SYNTACTICALLY
TEXT EDITOR – need to write the source
- SEMANTICALLY
code.
Others wise program won’t run, or will be
EXECUTABLE FILE -file containing your
unacceptable.
program translated into machine language.
ERR -human
a.out – output file name of compilers
INSTRUCTION LIST- set of well-known designed for unix / linux system.
command. Abbreviated to “IL”.
.cpp to .exe -compiles design for use in MS
IL - Fact an alphabet that is commonly WINDOWS can name the same name as the
known as “MACHINE LANGUAGE”. source file.
- simplest and the most primary language
COMPILING PROCESSES TWO PHASES:
we can use to give commands to our
computer. - Compilation of source- in order to
translate it into machine language
THE OLD PROGRAMS COULD BE
- JOINING (GLUING) -your executable
COMPLETELY USELESS IF THE NEW
code with the executable code
COMPUTER USED A DIFFERENT “IL”.
derives from the other developers
HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE – into a single and unified product.
bridge
LINKING - phase of gluing the different using namespace – must insert at the top
executable codes. of each file, outside of any function.
THE C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE – Functions- common types of blocks used to
book recommended for C++. build C++ programs.
- FIRST BOOK TO DESCRIBE C++ FUNCTION ARGUMENTS – things to be put
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. into the box.
BJARNE STROUSTRUP – writer of book C++ FUNCTION RESULTS -Something to taken
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. out of the box.
1979 – Beginning of developing C++. Main- the block that is always a function
with the same name.; or the name of the
A TOUR OF C++ -Reference book of C++.
function.
Same Author above.
Integer value (int) -result of the function.
JUMPING INTO C++ -book for beginners;
step-step guide to becoming a C++ PROTOTYPE- SET OF INFORMATION. ITS
programmer. LIKE LABEL AFFIXED TO A FUNCTION
ANNOUNCING HOW YOU CAN USE THAT
ALEX ALLAIN -author of jumping into C++.
FUNCTION IN YOUR PROGRAM.
EFFECTIVE C++ -BOOK FOR BEST PRACTICE
FUNCTION BODY- interior of the function. ;
TO IMPROVE PROGRAMMING.; SCOTT
MEYERS (AUTHOR). it begins with the first opening bracket {
PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVE – the # at the and ends with closing bracket }
beginning of the first line.
<< - DIGRAPH; specifies the direction in
- Separate part of compiler. (pre-read
which text is sent.
the text of the program and make
some modification in it. STRING -text in the fees.; must be enclosed
PRE - SUGGEST THAT THESE OPERATIONS in quotes (“,”).
ARE PERFORMED BEFORE THE FULL
COUT << - called operator.; prints text on
PROCESSING (COMPILATION) TAKES PLACE.
the screen.
NAMESPACE (std) – This is where all the
elements of the standard C++ Infrastructure
are declared.
- It is an abstract container or
environment created to hold a logical
grouping of unique entitles.
(BLOCKS).
BINARY SYSTEM – system computers
storing numbers and perform operation.
TWO TYPES OF C++ LANGUAGE:
1. INTEGERS (int)
2. FLOATING TYPE (float)
INTEGERS – those which are devoid of the
fractional part.
FLOATING-POINT – numbers (or simply
floats), that contain (or are able to contain)
the fractional part.
TYPE - DETERMINES ITS KIND, RANGE AND
APPLICATION.
TIME MACHINE – Using single quotes as
separators enhancing integer numbers
readability have been introduced in C++17 –
don’t be surprised if an older compiler
rejects such as notation.
OCTAL REPRESENTATION – if an integer
number is precede
