EG-180 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

JENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM

1. General
The engine control system of the 1VD-FTV engine has the following system.
System Outline
Fuel Injection Volume Control Based on the signals received from the sensors, the ECM determines
(See page EG-192) the fuel injection volume in accordance with the engine condition.
Fuel Injection Timing Control Based on the signals received from the sensors, the ECM determines
(See page EG-193) the fuel injection timing in accordance with the engine condition.
During Starting Control To facilitate startability, the ECM optimally controls the injection
(See page EG-194) volume and injection timing during starting.
The ECM determines the idle speed in accordance with the engine
Idle Speed Control
condition, and controls the fuel injection volume in order to maintain
(See page EG-195)
the target idle speed.
Based on the signals received from the sensors, the ECM controls fuel
Fuel Pressure Control
pressure using the SCV (Suction Control Valve) according to the
(See page EG-196)
engine condition.
Based on the signals received from the sensors, the ECM determines
Pilot Injection Control
pilot injection volume/timing, and interval (between pilot injection
(See page EG-199)
and main injection) in accordance with the engine condition.
Controls the length of time when the current is applied to the glow
Glow Plug Control
plugs, in accordance with the engine coolant temperature.
· Based on the signals received from the various sensors, the ECM
determines throttle valve position in accordance with the engine
Throttle Control
condition.
(See page EG-200)
· Fully close the throttle valve in order to reduce the vibration when
the engine is stopped.
Based on the signals received from the sensors, the ECM controls the
Turbocharger Control
actuator via the turbo motor driver in accordance with the engine
(See page EG-201)
conditions.
Based on the signals from the sensors, the ECM operates the fuel pump
Fuel Pump Control*1
to optimally control the transfer of the fuel from the fuel sub tank to
(See page EG-205)
the fuel tank.
Based on the signals received from the sensors, the ECM determines
EGR Control*2
the EGR volume via EGR valve and throttle valve in accordance with
(See page EG-206)
the engine condition.
When the engine speed and the vehicle speed are low, this control
Engine Mounting Control
utilizes vacuum to soften the engine mounting characteristics in order
(See page EG-207)
to restrain the engine vibration.
Oil Maintenance Management*3 When the ECM determines engine oil deterioration, the engine oil
(See page EG-210) change reminder light turns on to inform the driver.

(Continued)

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-181

System Outline
· Once the engine switch is pushed, this control continues to operate
Starter Control the starter until the engine is started.
(Cranking Hold Function) · The basic construction and operation of the starter control are the
same as in the 1GR-FE engine. For details, see page EG-70.
By controlling the air conditioner compressor ON or OFF in
Air Conditioner Cut-off Control
accordance with the engine condition, drivability is maintained.
Prohibits fuel injection if an attempt is made to start the engine with
Engine Immobilizer
an invalid key.
Diagnosis When the ECM detects a malfunction, the ECM records the
[See page EG-212] malfunction and memorizes information related to the fault.
Fail-safe When the ECM detects a malfunction, the ECM stops or controls the
[See page EG-212] engine according to the data already stored in the memory. EG

*1: Only on models with dual fuel tank

*2: Only on models complying with emission regulations (EURO II, EURO III, EURO IV)
*3: Only on European models complying with EURO IV

NM
0810E
EG-182 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

2. Construction
The configuration of the engine control system in the 1VD-FTV engine is as shown in the following chart.
No.1 INJECTOR DRIVER

NE #1 INJ1
CRANKSHAFT POSITION No.1 FUEL INJECTOR
SENSOR #4 INJ4
No.4 FUEL INJECTOR
G #6 INJ6
CAMSHAFT POSITION SENSOR No.6 FUEL INJECTOR
#7 INJ7 No.7 FUEL INJECTOR
VG INJF
MASS AIR FLOW METER

THF
FUEL TEMPERATURE SENSOR IREL
No.1 EDU RELAY
PCR1 No.2 INJECTOR DRIVER
FUEL PRESSURE SENSOR
#2 INJ2
THIA No.2 FUEL INJECTOR
INTAKE AIR #3 INJ3
TEMPERATURE SENSOR No.3 FUEL INJECTOR
#5 INJ5
THA No.5 FUEL INJECTOR
ATMOSPHERIC #8 INJ8
TEMPERATURE SENSOR No.8 FUEL INJECTOR
INF2
ACCELERATOR PEDAL VPA
POSITION SENSOR VPA2
ECM IRL2
MANIFOLD ABSOLUTE PIM No.2 EDU RELAY
PRESSURE SENSOR
THW PCV
ENGINE COOLANT SCV (Suction Control Valve)
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
VLU
No.1 THROTTLE INTAKE THROTTLE CONTROL
POSITION SENSOR
VLU2 LUSL No.1 Diesel Throttle
No.2 THROTTLE Control Motor
POSITION SENSOR
LUS2 No.2 Diesel Throttle
EGLS
No.1 EGR VALVE Control Motor
POSITION SENSOR
EGS2
No.2 EGR VALVE EGR CONTROL*1
POSITION SENSOR
EGRS
PS No.1 EGR Valve
POWER STEERING OIL ERS2
PRESSURE SWITCH No.2 EGR Valve
ALT
GENERATOR
CCS GLOW PLUG CONTROL
CRUISE CONTROL MAIN SWITCH*2 GREL
No.1 Glow Relay
STP GRL2
STOP LIGHT SWITCH No.2 Glow Relay
ST1-
081EG70Y

(Continued)

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-183

PWR
PATTERN SELECT SWITCH ENGINE MOUNTING CONTROL
SNWI
ACM
VSV
TRANSFER NEUTRAL TFN
POSITION SWITCH
FUEL PUMP CONTROL*3
L4 FC
4WD CONTROL ECU Fuel Pump Relay
+B
EFI RELAY Fuel Pump
MREL
EG
ACT
AIR CONDITIONING AMPLIFIER STARTER CONTROL
AC1 STSW

CLUTCH START SWITCH*4 ACCR Main Body ECU

NSW
ECM
PARK/NEUTRAL ACC Relay
POSITION SWITCH*5 NSW

· Neutral Start Signal D,N,R,P Starter Cut Relay

· Shift Lever Position Signal STAR

Park/Neutral Position Switch*5

SFTU Clutch Start Switch*4
TRANSMISSION SFTD
CONTROL SWITCH*5 S STA
Starter
IMI
IMMOBILIZER CODE ECU TURBOCHARGER CONTROL
IMO VNTO
IGSW
IG2 RELAY No.1 Turbo Motor Driver
VNTI
BATT Nozzle Vane
BATTERY
Position Sensor
TC
TACH DC Motor
DLC3
VNO2
CANH No.2 Turbo Motor Driver
CANL
VNI2
COMBINATION METER
Nozzle Vane
W Position Sensor
MIL
SPD
Vehicle Speed Signal DC Motor

*1: Only on models complying with the emission regulations 081EG71Y

*2: Only on models with cruise control system

*3: Only on models with dual fuel tank
*4: Only on models with manual transmission
*5: Only on models with automatic transmission

NM
0810E
EG-184 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

3. Engine Control System Diagram

Fuel Fuel Pump*3
A/C Amplifier Pump
Relay* 3 Engine Switch
Combination Meter
· Vehicle Speed Signal
· MIL IG2 Relay
Main Body ECU
Park/Neutral
Position Switch*1
Battery Starter Cut Relay
Park/Neutral
Position Switch*1
Park/Neutral Position Switch*1
Clutch Start Switch*2
DLC3
Starter Relay
Center Airbag
Sensor Assembly CAN Starter
(V Bus)
ECM
Immobilizer VSV (for Engine Mounting)
Code ECU Generator
No.2 EDU Relay Stop Light Switch
No.2 Injector Pattern Select Switch*1
Driver
Accelerator Pedal
Position Sensor
No.1 Injector
Driver Fuel
No.1 EDU Relay Supply Pump

SCV Fuel Temp. Sensor

(Suction Control Valve)

Atmospheric
Pressure
Sensor

Common-rail RH Common-rail LH
Fuel Pressure Throttle
Sensor Position Sensor
No.2 Diesel
Mass Air Flow Meter Throttle
Control Motor
Atmospheric
Temp. Sensor

No.1 No.1 Diesel

EGR Throttle
Valve Control Motor

Intake Air
Temp. Sensor
No.1 Glow Relay No.2
Fuel EGR
Injector Valve
Camshaft Manifold Absolute
Position Sensor Pressure Sensor
Fuel Injector
Glow Plug
No.2
No.1 Turbocharger Turbocharger
Sub-assembly Sub-assembly

No.1 Turbo Engine No.2 Turbo

Coolant
Motor Driver Temp. Motor Driver
Sensor

Crankshaft 081EG72Y
Position Sensor
*1: Only on models with automatic transmission
*2: Only on models with manual transmission
*3: Only on models with dual fuel tank

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-185

4. Layout of Main Components

Intake Air Injector Driver
Temperature Sensor
Manifold Absolute
Mass Air Flow Meter Pressure Sensor
· Atmospheric Temperature Sensor
ECM

Turbo Motor Driver

EG
Engine Room Relay Block
· EDU Relay
· Fuel Pump Relay
· Glow Relay

Low Fuel Fuel Suction with Pump

Warning Light and Gauge Tube Assembly
· Fuel Pump
Master Glow 081EG73T
Warning Light Indicator Light MIL Low Fuel Glow
Fuel System Warning Light Indicator Light
Warning Light MIL

Multi-information Display
Models with analog type
Models with optitron type combination meter
combination meter

Accelerator Pedal
Position Sensor

DLC3

LHD Models with Dual Fuel Tank 081EG74T

NM
0810E
EG-186 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

Glow Plug
Diesel Throttle Body (for Bank 1)
· Throttle Position Sensor
· Diesel Throttle Control Motor Engine Coolant
Temperature Sensor
Common-Rail RH
· Fuel Pressure Sensor

Fuel Injector

No.1 Turbocharger
· DC Motor
· Nozzle Vane Position Sensor

081EG95T

No.1 EGR Valve No.2 EGR Valve

Diesel Throttle Body (for Bank 2)
· Throttle Position Sensor
· Diesel Throttle Control Motor
Fuel Supply Pump
VSV
(for Engine Mounting)

Camshaft Position Fuel Injector

Sensor

Crankshaft Position
Sensor No.2 Turbocharger
· DC Motor
· Nozzle Vane Position Sensor

Fuel Temperature Sensor

SCV
(Suction Control Valve)

081EG96T

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-187

5. Main Components of Engine Control System

General

The main components of the 1VD-FTV engine control system are as follows:
Components Outline Quantity Function
The ECM effects overall control of the engine
32-bit CPU control system to suit the operating conditions
ECM 1
(DENSO) of the engine in accordance with the signals
provided by the sensors.
The injector driver is used to drive the fuel
injector at high speeds. The injector driver has
realized high-speed driving under high fuel EG
Injector Driver DC/DC Converter 2
pressure conditions through the use of a
DC/DC converter that provides a high voltage,
quick-charging system.
Mass Air Flow Meter This sensor uses a built-in hot-wire to directly
Hot-wire Type 1
[See page EG-188] detect the intake air mass and flow rate.
Atmospheric This sensor detects the atmospheric
Thermistor Type 1
Temperature Sensor temperature by means of an internal thermistor.
Fuel Pressure Sensor Semiconductor This sensor uses built-in semiconductors to
1
[See page EG-189] Strain Gauge Type detect the internal pressure of the common-rail.
Manifold Absolute
Semiconductor This sensor uses built-in semiconductors to
Pressure Sensor 1
Silicon Chip Type detect the intake manifold pressure.
[See page EG-189]
This sensor, which is built into the ECM, uses
Atmospheric Semiconductor
1 semiconductors to detect the atmospheric
Pressure Sensor Silicon Chip Type
pressure.
Crankshaft Position
Pick-up Coil Type This sensor detects the engine speed and
Sensor 1
(Rotor Teeth /36-2) performs the cylinder identification.
[See page EG-190]
Camshaft Position
Pick-up Coil Type This sensor performs the cylinder
Sensor 1
(Rotor Teeth /1) identification.
[See page EG-190]
Throttle Position
This sensor detects the throttle valve opening
Sensor Non-contact Type 2
angle.
[See page EG-191]
· This sensor detects the amount of pedal
effort applied to the accelerator pedal.
Accelerator Pedal
No-contact Type 1 · The basic construction and operation of this
Position Sensor
sensor are the same as in the 1GR-FE engine.
For details, see page EG-54.
Engine Coolant This sensor detects the engine coolant
Thermistor Type 1
Temperature Sensor temperature by means of an internal thermistor.
Intake Air This sensor detects the intake air temperature
Thermistor Type 1
Temperature Sensor after the intercooler.

(Continued)

NM
0810E
EG-188 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

Components Outline Quantity Function

This sensor detects the fuel temperature in the
Fuel Temperature
Thermistor Type 1 supply pump by means of an internal
Sensor
thermistor.
The SCV position is controlled by the signals
SCV
Linear Solenoid from the ECM, and a fuel volume that suits the
(Suction Control 1
Valve SCV position is drawn into the pumping
Valve)
portion (plunger portion).
The fuel injector contains a solenoid valve that
opens and closes to increase or decrease the
Fuel Injector
9-hole Type 8 pressure in the control chamber. This causes
[See page EG-165]
the nozzle needle to open and close the valve,
which results in fuel injection.

Mass Air Flow Meter

D The mass air flow meter of diesel engine uses precise fuel injection volume control and EGR control to
realize clean emission.
D This mass air flow meter, which is a slot-in type, allows a portion of the intake air to flow through the
detection area. By directly measuring the mass and the flow rate of the intake air, the detection precision
is improved and the intake air resistance is reduced.
D The mass air flow meter has a built-in atmospheric temperature sensor.

Atmospheric
Air Flow Temperature Sensor

273GX15

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-189

Fuel Pressure Sensor

The fuel pressure sensor consists of a semiconductor which utilizes the characteristic of a silicon chip that
changes its electrical resistance when pressure is applied to it. This sensor is mounted on the common-rail,
outputs a signal that represents the fuel pressure in the common-rail to the ECM, in order to constantly
regulate the fuel at an optimal pressure.

Detection Portion " Output Characteristic A

(V)

EG
Output
Voltage

(MPa)
Fuel Pressure
058EG64Y

Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor

The manifold absolute pressure sensor consists of a semiconductor which utilizes the characteristic of a
silicon chip that changes its electrical resistance when pressure is applied to it. The sensor converts the
intake air pressure into an electrical signal, and sends it to the ECM in an amplified form.

Sensor Unit " Output Characteristic A

(V)

Output
Voltage

0 (kPa)
Intake Manifold Pressure
032EG37Y

NM
0810E
EG-190 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

Crankshaft Position Sensor

The timing rotor of the crankshaft consists of 34 teeth, with 2 teeth missing. The crankshaft position sensor
outputs the crankshaft rotation signals every 10_, and the missing teeth are used to determine the
top-dead-center.

Timing Rotor
(No.1 Crankshaft Position Sensor Plate)

NE Signal Plate (720_ CA)

10_ CA

Crankshaft Position 2 Teeth Missing

Sensor
058EG56Y
240EG90

Camshaft Position Sensor

The camshaft position sensor generates one signal in every two revolutions of the crankshaft by using the
timing trigger of the No.2 camshaft timing sprocket.

No.2 Camshaft
Timing Sprocket
Timing Trigger

G Signal Plate (720_ CA)

Camshaft Position Sensor

058EG57Y 288EG95C

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-191

Throttle Position Sensor

The throttle position sensor is mounted on the diesel throttle body, to detect the opening angle of the throttle
valve. The throttle position sensor converts the magnetic flux density that changes when the magnetic yoke
(located on the same axis as that of the throttle valve shaft) rotates around the Hall IC into electric signals
to operate the diesel throttle control motor.

" Output Characteristic A

(V)
Hall IC 5

EG

Output
Magnetic Voltage
Yoke

(%)
Throttle Valve
271EG82
0 100
Throttle Valve Position Ratio
271EG83

NM
0810E
EG-192 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

6. Fuel Injection Volume Control

The ECM calculates two types of values: the basic injection volume and the maximum injection volume.
Then, the ECM compares the basic and maximum injection volumes, and determines a smaller calculated
value to be the final injection volume.

" Basic Injection Volume A

Accelerator Crankshaft
Pedal Position Position Sensor
Sensor Engine Speed

ECM

Calculation of ISC* Correction

Basic Injection
Volume Engine Coolant
Temperature Sensor

058EG29Y

*: Idle Speed Control

" Maximum Injection Volume A

ECM
Crankshaft
Basic/Maximum Position Sensor
Injection Volume
(Map data inside of ECM) Engine Speed
Fuel Temperature
Sensor
Engine Coolant
Temperature Sensor
Intake Air
Maximum Injection Temperature Sensor
Volume Correction
Manifold Absolute
Pressure Sensor
Atmospheric
Pressure Mass Air Flow Meter
Sensor

081EG105Y

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-193

" Final Injection Volume Decision A

ECM

Basic Injection Fuel

Volume Pressure

No.1
Injector
Comparison Final Driver

No.2
Injector
Driver Fuel Injector
Maximum Injection EG
Volume
Fuel Injector

058EG31Y

7. Fuel Injection Timing Control

Fuel injection timing is controlled as shown below.

Crankshaft
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor
Position Sensor
Engine Speed

ECM

Atmospheric
Pressure
Basic Injection Timing Sensor

Engine Coolant
Temperature Sensor
Intake Air
Correction Temperature Sensor
Manifold Absolute
Pressure Sensor
No.1 Injector Fuel Injector
Driver
Injection Timing
No.2 Injector Fuel Injector
Driver

058EG32Y

NM
0810E
EG-194 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

8. During Starting Control

Injection Volume Control

The starting injection volume is determined by adjusting the basic injection volume in accordance with the
starter ON signals (ON time), engine coolant temperature sensor signals and engine speed signal. When
the engine is cold, the engine coolant temperature will be lower and the injection volume will be greater.

ECM

Basic Injection
Volume

+ Starter Signal

Engine Coolant
Correction Temperature Sensor
Crankshaft
Position Sensor

224EG50

Injection Timing Control

To determine the starting injection timing, the target injection timing is corrected in accordance with the
starter signals, engine coolant temperature, and engine speed. When the engine coolant temperature is low,
if the engine speed is high, the injection timing is advanced.

ECM

Starter Signal

Target Injection Engine Coolant

Timing Correction Temperature Sensor

Crankshaft
Position Sensor

224EG51

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-195

9. Idle Speed Control

Fuel injection volume is controlled as shown below.

Accelerator Pedal
Position Sensor
ECM
Engine Coolant
Temperature Sensor

Vehicle Speed Signal

EG
Starter Signal

Park/Neutral
Target Speed Calculation Position Switch*

Power Steering Oil

Pressure Switch

Stop Light Switch*

Idle-up Signal

Air Conditioning
Injection Volume Signal
Comparison Correction
Generator Signal

Crankshaft
Actual Engine Speed Position Sensor

081EG106Y

*: Models with Automatic Transmission

NM
0810E
EG-196 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

10. Fuel Pressure Control

General

The ECM calculates the target injection pressure (25 - 175 MPa*1, 25-129MPa*2) based on the engine
conditions, that are the signals from the accelerator pedal position sensor and the crankshaft position sensor.
To control fuel pressure, signals sent to SCV (Suction Control Valve) of the fuel supply pump regulate the
pumping volume, so that the pressure detected by the fuel pressure sensor matches the target injection
pressure.
*1: Models complying with EURO IV
*2: Models not complying with EURO IV

ECM
Crankshaft Position
Sensor
Atmospheric
Pressure Sensor
Accelerator Pedal
Position Sensor

Atmospheric
Temperature Sensor

Engine Coolant
Temperature Sensor
Calculation of Target
Injection Pressure
Starter Signal

No.1 Injector
Driver

No.2 Injector
Fuel Pressure Sensor Driver

Fuel Pumping

SCV Common-rail RH Fuel Injector

Common-rail LH Fuel Injector

081EG107Y

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-197

System Operation

1) General

The ECM controls the opening of the SCV (Suction Control Valve) in order to regulate the volume of fuel
that is pumped by the fuel supply pump to the common-rail. Consequently, the fuel pressure in the
common-rail is controlled to the target injection pressure.

2) SCV Opening Small

(a) When the opening of the SCV is small, the fuel suction area is kept small, which decrease the
transferable fuel quantity.
(b) The plunger strokes fully, however, the suction volume becomes small due to the small suction area. EG
Therefore, the difference of the volume between the geometry volume and the suction volume is in
vacuum condition.
(c) Pumping will start at the time when the fuel pressure has become higher than the common-rail pressure.

Fuel Pumping Mass

Pumping
Plunger TDC Plunger BDC Starting Point

Cam
Stroke

SCV

Small Suction
Area

(a) (b) (c) 081EG75Y

NM
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EG-198 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

3) SCV Opening Large

(a) When the opening of the SCV is large, the fuel suction area is kept large, which increase the transferable
fuel quantity.
(b) If the plunger strokes fully, the suction volume will increase because the suction area is large.
(c) Pumping will start at the time when the fuel pressure has become higher than the common-rail pressure.

Fuel Pumping Mass

Pumping
Starting Point

Cam
Stroke

SCV

Large Suction
Area

(a) (b) (c)

081EG76Y

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-199

11. Pilot Injection Control

D Pilot injection is a method that provides auxiliary fuel injection before the main injection takes place. The
purpose of pilot injection is to gently start the combustion of the fuel of the main injection in order to
reduce combustion noise.

State Pilot Injection Ordinarily Injection

Pilot Injection Main Injection
Fuel Injection

Combustion EG
Pressure

168EG23

D During pilot injection, the pilot injection volume, timing, and interval (between pilot injection and main
injection) are controlled as shown below.

Crankshaft
Accelerator Pedal Position Sensor Starter Signal
Position Sensor
Engine Speed

ECM

Atmospheric
Basic Pilot Injection Pressure
(Volume, Timing, Interval) Sensor
Intake Air
Temperature Sensor

Engine Coolant
Temperature Sensor
Correction

Manifold Absolute
Temperature Sensor

No.1 Injector Fuel

Pilot Injection Driver Injector
(Volume, Timing, Interval)
No.2 Injector Fuel
Driver Injector

081EG108Y

NM
0810E
EG-200 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

12. Throttle Control

The opening of the throttle valve is controlled by the ECM in accordance with engine conditions.
As a result, the noise that is generated during idling and deceleration, as well as the noise and vibration that
are generated when the engine is stopped, have been reduced.

" System Diagram A

Diesel Throttle
Control Motors

Throttle
Position Sensor
Throttle
Position Engine Speed
Sensor Vehicle Speed
ECM Engine Coolant Temperature
Intake Air Temperature
Accelerator Pedal Position
Atmospheric
Pressure Intake Air Pressure
Sensor Starter Signal

081EG77Y

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-201

13. Turbo Charger Control

General

D The ECM controls nozzle vane positions in the turbochargers on each bank via the turbo motor drivers
in order to obtain the calculated target turbo pressure appropriate to the engine operation conditions.
D The ECM calculates the optimal nozzle vane position in accordance with the driving conditions (such
as engine speed, injection volume, atmospheric pressure and engine coolant temperature), and sends a
target nozzle vane position signal to each turbo motor driver. The turbo motor driver controls the nozzle
vane position in accordance with this signal and the actual nozzle vane position signal provided by the
nozzle vane position sensor.

" System Diagram A

EG

Manifold Absolute
Pressure Sensor

DC Motor
DC Motor

Nozzle Nozzle
Vane Vane
Position Position
Sensor Sensor

Actual Actual
Nozzle Nozzle Vane Nozzle
Nozzle Vane Vane
Vane Position Control Position Control
Position Position

Turbocharger Turbocharger
Control Status Control Status
No.1 Turbo Atmospheric
No.2 Turbo
Motor Driver Pressure Motor Driver
Target Nozzle Target Nozzle
Vane Position Sensor Vane Position

Crankshaft Engine Coolant

Position Sensor Temp. Sensor
ECM

Accelerator Pedal Atmospheric

Position Sensor Temp. Sensor

081EG78Y

NM
0810E
EG-202 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

Construction

1) General

Variable nozzle vane device is established on the turbine wheel (exhaust) side, and consisted of a DC
motor, nozzle vane position sensor, linkage, drive arm, unison ring, driven arms and nozzle vanes.

Nozzle Vane
Turbine Wheel

Driven Arm

Drive Arm

Linkage

Unison Ring

DC Motor 081EG81Y

Nozzle Vane
Position Sensor

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-203

2) Nozzle Vane Position Sensor

The nozzle vane position sensor consists of a Hall IC and a magnetic yoke that rotates in unison with the
movement of the linkage that actuates the nozzle vane. The nozzle vane position sensor converts the
changes in the magnetic flux that are caused by the rotation of the DC motor (hence, the rotation of the
magnetic yoke) into electric signals, and outputs them to the turbo motor driver. The turbo motor driver
determines the actual nozzle vane position from the electric signals in order to calculate the target nozzle
vane position.

Hall IC

EG

4.5
Output
Voltage
Sensor Vane (V.)
Magnetic Yoke

0.5
Full Close Full Open
Nozzle Vane Position

Full Close Full Open

271EG148
Sensor Vane

271EG147

" System Diagram A

Nozzle Vane Position Sensor

Magnetic Magnet
Yoke

VNVC
VTA1
Hall IC
VNE2
Turbo Motor
VCS Driver
VTA2
Hall IC
E2S

Sensor Vane

Magnet

081EG82Y

NM
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EG-204 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

Operation

1) At Engine Low Speed Range

When the engine is running in a low speed range, the DC motor pulls up the linkage by a signal from the
turbo motor driver. The tip of the linkage rotates the unison ring counterclockwise through a drive arm.
The unison ring contains a driven arm, which is placed through the cutout portion of the unison ring. This
driven arm also moves in the direction of the rotation of the unison ring. The fulcrum of the driven arm
is an axis that is integrated with the nozzle vane behind the plate. When the driven arm moves
counterclockwise, the nozzle vane moves toward the closing direction. This results in increasing the
velocity of the exhaust gas flowing to the turbine, as well as the speed of the turbine. As a result, torque
is improved when the engine is running at low speeds.

Fulcrum
Unison Ring
Nozzle Vane Driven Arm
Nozzle Vane Drive Arm

Cutout
Portion

Gas Flow

Linkage

Linkage Unison Ring

Plate
081EG83Y

2) At Engine Medium-to-High Speed Range

When the engine is running in a medium-to-high speed range, the DC motor presses down the linkage by
a signal from the turbo motor driver. With this, the driven arm moves clockwise and this opens the nozzle
vane and holds the specified supercharging pressure. Thus, lowering the back pressure and improving the
output and fuel consumption.

081EG84Y

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-205

14. Fuel Pump Control

D The ECM operates the fuel pump in accordance with signals from the meter ECU, which indicate the fuel
amount in the fuel tanks (calculated by signals from fuel sender gauges in each fuel tank), to transfer fuel
from the sub fuel tank to the main fuel tank using the jet pump for fuel transfer.
D The meter ECU determines if the fuel pump control system is malfunctioning based on the fuel amount
in the main fuel tank and sub fuel tank. When the meter ECU detects that the fuel amount in the main fuel
tank is small (20.7 liters [21.9 US qts, 18.2 Imp. qts] or less) and the amount in the sub fuel tank is large
(7.8 liters [8.2 US qts, 6.9 Imp. qts] or more), it determines that fuel has not been transferred from the sub
fuel tank to the main fuel tank. The meter ECU then blinks the low fuel warning light in the combination
meter to inform the driver of the fuel pump control system malfunction. In addition, the master warning
light comes on, the buzzer sounds and the warning message (Check Fuel System) is displayed on the
multi-information display on models with optitron display type combination meter. EG
" System Diagram A

EFI Main Relay Battery

Combination Meter

Fuel Pump
Relay

ECM
CAN (V Bus)
Meter ECU
Fuel
Fuel Amount Signal Pump

Fuel Sender Gauge Fuel Sender Gauge

(for Fuel Tank) (for Fuel Sub Tank)

081EG85Y

NM
0810E
EG-206 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

15. EGR Control

D This system is designed to reduce and control NOx formation due to a slight reduction of peak temperature
in the engine combustion chamber, which is accomplished by introducing a small amount of inert gas into
intake manifold.
D By sensing the engine driving conditions and actual amount of the EGR valve opening, the ECM operates
the EGR valve and diesel throttle control motor, and regulates the amount of exhaust gas.

" System Diagram A

Diesel Throttle
Control Motors No.2 EGR Valve
EGR Valve Position Sensor

No.1 Accelerator Pedal

EGR Valve Position Sensor

Crankshaft Position
Sensor
Exhaust Gas
ECM Mass Air Flow Meter

EGR Engine Coolant

EGR Cooler Temperature Sensor
Cooler
Atmospheric
Temperature Sensor
Atmospheric
Pressure Manifold Absolute
EGR Valve Sensor Pressure Sensor
Position Sensor

081EG86Y

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-207

16. Engine Mounting Control

General

When the engine speed and the vehicle speed are low, this engine mounting utilizes the vacuum from the
vacuum pump to move the diaphragm inside the mount, which switches the passage for the fluid sealed
in the fluid chambers. By softening the damping characteristics of the mounting in this manner, the
mounting restrains the engine vibration.

Vacuum
Pump

Vehicle Speed Signal

Engine VSV ECM
Crankshaft Position EG
Sensor

Electrical Hydraulic
Type Engine Mounting
081EG87Y

Construction

D This engine mounting consists primarily of the rubber portion, No.1 fluid chamber, No.2 fluid chamber,
and diaphragm. Fluid is sealed in the No.1 and No.2 fluid chambers.
D This engine mounting obtains a vacuum from the vacuum pump via the VSV. It utilizes the vacuum to
pull the diaphragm down in order to open or close the passages that connect the No.1 and No.2 fluid
chambers.
D The No.1 and No.2 fluid chambers use two fluid passages: the No.1 fluid passage that is always
connected regardless of whether the diaphragm is open or closed; and the No.2 fluid passage that is
connected only when the diaphragm is open. The fluid flows back and forth between the No.1 and No.2
fluid chambers through these two passages in order to restrain the vibration.

: Fluid

No.1
No.2 Fluid Chamber
Fluid Passage

Rubber
No.2
Fluid Chamber

No.1
Fluid Passage
Diaphragm
Vacuum Intake 081EG88Y

NM
0810E
EG-208 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

Operation

1) General

D When the ECM determines that the engine Vehicle

speed and the vehicle speed are low, it Speed
controls the introduction of vacuum from the
vacuum pump to the engine mounting by VSV: OFF
turning the VSV ON or OFF.
D A hysteresis is provided for both the engine
speed and the vehicle speed at the point in Low
Speed VSV: ON
which the VSV switches from ON to OFF.
D While the engine is cranking, the VSV is Engine
OFF. Low Speed
Speed 233EG17
2) When the VSV is OFF

D When the ECM determines that the engine speed and vehicle speed exceed the specified value, it stops
the introduction of vacuum into the engine mounting by turning the VSV OFF.
D When no vacuum is introduced into the engine mounting, the diaphragm does not move, so the No.1
fluid passage remains closed. In this state, the fluid passes only through the No.1 fluid passage in order
to flow back and forth between the No.1 and No.2 fluid chambers.

Flow of Fluid in
No.1 Fluid Passage

No Vacuum Introduced Diaphragm Stopped

081EG89Y

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-209

3) When the VSV is ON

D When the ECM determines that the engine speed and the vehicle speed are equal to or less than the
specified value, it turns the VSV ON to introduce vacuum into the engine mounting.
D When a vacuum is introduced into the engine mounting, it pulls the diaphragm down, causing the No.2
fluid passage to open. As a result, a large volume of fluid flows back and forth between the No.1 and
No.2 fluid chambers, thus minimizing the fluid resistance and softening the engine mounting
characteristics.

Flow of Fluid in EG
No.2 Fluid Passage

Flow of Fluid in
No.1 Fluid Passage

Diaphragm Descends

Vacuum Introduced 081EG90Y

NM
0810E
EG-210 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

17. Oil Maintenance Management System

General

D In this oil maintenance management system, the soot volume in the engine oil is calculated based on the
engine operating conditions. Based on the calculated soot volume, the ECM displays an “Oil
Maintenance Reqd” warning on the multi-information display to inform the driver when it is necessary
to change the engine oil.
D The ECM calculates soot volume from the injection volume, injection timing and intake air volume in
order to operate this system.

" System Diagram A

Combination Meter

Multi-information Display

CAN (V Bus)
ECM

· Injection Volume
· Injection Timing Calculation of
Soot Volume Meter ECU
· Intake Air Volume

ODO/TRIP Switch

081EG91H

Service Tip
Since this system is controlled based on engine operating conditions, the “Oil Maintenance Reqd”
warning may be displayed before driving 30,000 km (the maximum travel distance after oil maintenance).
If the “Oil Maintenance Reqd” warning is displayed, immediately replace the oil and oil filter.

NM
0810E
 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE EG-211

Soot Volume Calculation Method

The soot volume largely depends on injection ending timing and air-fuel ratio. The ECM calculates soot
volume from this information as shown in the graphs below.

Soot Volume Soot Volume

Large Large

Small Small EG
Large (Lean) Small (Rich) Early Late

Calculation of Air-Fuel Ratio 288EG63C Injection Ending Timing 288EG64C

Service Tip
The accumulated soot volume memorized in ECM can be reset using the following procedures.
1) Switch the power source to IG-ON. Then, use the ODO/TRIP switch to turn ON the “TRIP A” display
on the multi-information display.
2) Switch the power source to OFF. While pushing the ODO/TRIP switch, switch the power source to
IG-ON.
3) With the power source in the IG-ON mode, keep holding the ODO/TRIP switch (for at least five
seconds) with the multi-information display counting down as shown below.
4) When the resetting is completed, the multi-information display will display “COMPLETE” for one
second and the buzzer built into the combination meter will sound.

5 seconds before 4 seconds before 3 seconds before

2 seconds before 1 second before Reset complete

ODO/TRIP Switch 081EG92H

NM
0810E
EG-212 ENGINE — 1VD-FTV ENGINE

18. Diagnosis
D When the ECM detects a malfunction, the ECM makes a diagnosis and memorizes the failed section.
Furthermore, the check engine warning light in the combination meter illuminates or blinks to inform the
driver.
D The ECM will also store the DTC (Diagnostic Trouble Code) of the malfunctions. The DTC can be
accessed by using the intelligent tester II.
D For details, refer to the Land Cruiser (Station Wagon) Repair Manual (Pub. No. RM0810E).
Service Tip
To clear the DTC that is stored in the ECM, use the intelligent tester II, disconnect the battery terminal
or remove the EFI MAIN fuse for 1 minute or longer.

19. Fail-safe
When a malfunction is detected at any of the sensors, there is a possibility of an engine or other malfunction
occurring if the ECM were to continue to control the engine control system in the normal way. To prevent
such a problem, the fail-safe function of the ECM either relies on the data stored in memory to allow the
engine control system to continue operating, or stops the engine if a hazard is anticipated. For details, refer
to the Land Cruiser (Station Wagon) Repair Manual (Pub. No. RM0810E).

NM
0810E