We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 32
- Itis a form of energy that enables us to see.
- Light always travels in straight line.
- Light makes shadow. Without light Shadow is not possible.
- Light has the maximum speed in this world. Its value is 3x10® m/s.
Coming back of light rays to the same medium when they fall ona
surface.
1) Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
2) Incident ray, normal at the point of incidence are
reflected ray all lie in the same plane.
Normal
Angle of Angle of
incidence reflection
Incident Zi er Reflected
ray fay
Plane mirror Real Image
Virtual Image
1) Real images are inverted
2) Areal image is formed by
Convex lens and Concave
Mirror
3) These are formed on
Screen
4) These are formed due to
actual intersection of rays
5) Example -
1) Virtual images are Erect
(Straight)
2) A virtual image is formed
by Plane Mirror and
Convex Mirror, Concave
Lens
3) These are not formed on
Screen
4) These are formed due to
imaginary intersection of
rays.
5) Example - - Object and Image are at equal distance from Plane Mirror.
- If object is real, then image will be virtual and vice versa.
- Size of image is equal to size of object.
Lateral Inversion - The right side of the object appears left
side of the image and vice-versa.
- -
Angle of incidence = Angle of Emergence, Zi = ze
>» If the incident ray falls normally to the surface of glass
slab, then there is no bending of ray of light ; i.e. it goes
straight.
1) The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the
interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence,
all lie in the same plane.
2) Snell's Law - The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the
sine of angle of refraction is constant, for a light of given
color and for a given pair of media.
- It is expressed as:
sini
—— == constant “p" is refractive index
sinr 7 Uw f ]
- The extent of change in direction that takes place in a given
pair of media is expressed in terms of refractive index. - {2 represents refractive index of medium 2 with respect to
medium 1, when light is going from medium 1 to medium 2.
elts
we = = Sine
> The refractive index of a medium with respect to vacuum is
called Absolute refractive index of medium.
For Glass/ Water pair -
wHg = =
> If question is related to speed:
_ Speed of light in vaccum/air _c
“Speed of light in Medium ~ v
For e.g.,
__velocity of light inair _ c
alla = velocity of light in glass vg
or
_ _velocity of light inair _ c
ablw = echt in water = ve
~ velocity of light in water vw A transparent material bound by two surfaces, of which both
surfaces are spherical, forms a lens.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Convex Lens Concave Lens
Centre of Curvature (C)- A lens has two spherical
surfaces. Each surface forms a part a part of a sphere. The
center of these spheres are called Centre of curvature. [
BR C& Co} [or 2Fi & 2Fe J
Principal Axis - An imaginary straight line passing through
the two centers of curvature of a lens is called its Principal
Axis.
Optical Centre (O)- Central Point of a lens is called optical
center.
Aperture - Effective diameter of the circular outline of a
spherical lens is called its aperture. e) Principal Focus (F)- The point where the rays parallel to
principal axis after refraction meet is called principal
focus. A lens has two principal foci.
f) Focal Length (f)- The distance of principal focus from
optical center.
—
Focal Length Focal Length
1) Rays which are parallel to principal axis, after refraction will
pass through principal focus in case of convex lens and will
appear to be coming from principal axis in case of concave
lens. 2) Ray passing through the focus will emerge parallel to
principal axis.
>
At infinity Burning Paper using Convex Lens
‘aerhr ore Ft aae aS & feb sgt H seat a
iam & aif saa ae A Convex Lens eat &
Position - Between ‘F’ and ‘C’
Nature - Real, Inverted
(
Il
I
I
1
I
|
| Size-Small
\
Nature — Real, Inverted
t
!
|
| Position - At ‘Cc’
f Size - Same Size t
i
i
I
i
I
I
i
I
Il
Position- Beyond ‘C’
Nature - Real, Inverted
Size - Big Size
Position — At Infinity
Nature — Real, Inverted
Size - Very Big Size Lert Clog
Object
At Infinity
Beyond 2F;
Between 2F, and F;
At,
At2F,
Between F, andO
ero a lle}
At Fo
Between 2F2 and Fz
Beyond 2F2
At Infinity
At2Fo
On Same side of the
Object
(
|
\
|
\
|
\
\
\
\
Bee atte ld
Very Small
Small
Very Big
Same Size
Position - Behind Mirror
Nature - Virtual, Erect
Size -Big Size
Nature of Image
Real and Inverted
Real and Inverted
Real and Inverted
Real and Inverted
Real and Inverted
Virtual and Erect Uses of Convex Lens -
1) Used for making Microscopes, Magnifying glasses
Lo
Microscopes Magnifying Glass
2) Used for making Specs and Cameras
Faarchr ore At aa HAGA ate & Used in making Camera Lens
Sat UHT(Specs) 4 Convex
Lens gat = Nature - Virtual, Erect
’
I
I
| Position - At ‘F’
I
{ Size - Very Small Size
Nature - Virtual, Erect
Size - Small Size
D
9
=
=
5
1
o
z
o
o
Ss
3
2
=
a
a
There are only two possible positions for Object
See Size of Image Nature of Image
At Infinity At the focus (F1) Very Small Virtual and Erect
Between Infini Between Focus (F1) and Small Mirtualianel Breck
and Optical Center Optical Center (0)
Uses of Concave Lens -
1) Used for making Specs, Lasers, Cameras
Barat a ft aan wary att & Laser Light
Sah UVAT(Specs) 4 Concave
Lens gat @ 1) Sign conventions are same like mirrors, now the measurements
are taken from Optical Center instead of Pole.
2) Focal Length of Convex Lens = Positive (+)
3) Focal Length of Concave Lens = Negative (-)
1.1641
foviu
f — Focal length
v — Image distance
u— Object distance
J hi_ly
meh u
hi — height of Image
ho — height of Object If
m = - ve — Image will be Real and Inverted
m= +ve — Image will be Virtual and Erect(Straight)
Ability of a lens to converge or diverge light rays is called power (P)
of the lens.
f — Focal length in meter
- SI Unit — D (called Dioptre = m-1)
- Power of Convex Lens is (+ve) because focal length of Convex
Lens is also +ve
- Power of Concave Lens is (-ve) because focal length of Concave
Lens is also -ve
- Power of a lens combination
P= Pi +Po+Ps Search “Gaurav Suthar” on YouTube for more Notes.
Love You 3000
9
Follow me on Instagram @iamgauravsuthar
HELP US TO BRING MORE QUALITY
CONTENT FOR YOU GUYS
Ok:
SCAN QR CoDE To DoMATE
or enter UPI ID : Gaurav990823 @okaxis
(You can Donate from any UPI App)
Even a small bit of help will be appreciable :)
| have created all Subjects and all Chapters Notes § & EQUATIONS
fanaa ae ELECTRICITY
Magnetic Eff REPRODUCTION
ae
SS y i“
—
CAURAY SUTHAR
TE
NT
me A) aM e Testa (ect d(
as ute
ae ee
sat] VME
IN EUROPE
eee
ala 3
PROCESSES
ee
NATIONALISIM
TE
CARBON
& its compounds
aN
Da Vs
