CNC
FABRICATION
(computer numerical control)
IN ARCHITECTURE
Submitted by : Tarannum, Prabhsimran,
Rajan, Shivam, Captain, Kartik, Maya
CNC - Computer numerical control
◦ Numerical control - automated control of
machining tools (such as drills, lathes,
mills and 3D printers) by a computer.
◦ computerized manufacturing process
◦ pre-programmed software & code controls
production equipment movement
DIGITAL
FABRICATION
◦ machine manufacturing process
The Three Graces hotel & office Gwanggyo Power Center, by MVRDV
controlled by technological devices towers, Dubai. NOX’s proposal
◦ CAD and Computer modeling software
◦ concept innovated in the design industry
◦ facilitated enthusiastic designers to have
a different design approach
Faulders Studio, Airspace Tokyo Zaha Hadid’s Mobile Art Pavilion
(façade design)
Digital
fabrication
CNC / RP
3D
CNC LASER
PRINTING
REMOVES MATERIAL HEAT / LIGHT BEAM BUILDS THE OBJECT
GENERAL
DIGITAL
FABRICATION
PRINCIPLES
CUTTING SUBSTRACTION ADDITION FORMATION
CNC
LASER CUTTING RAPID PROTOTYPING 3D PRINTING
MILLING/ROUTING
| | |
• Bespoke components – direct conversion from
•most accessible & common • Component size –large elements digital model, no additional devices (jibs/
• production of flat components • Material selection –wider range of moulds) required •mechanical forces to reshape or deform
using a cutting head raw material • Complex form – material deposit at all required materials into the required shape.
•CAD/CAM limited by thickness • Precision –accurate elements points to produce element, easy fabrication of • Heat or steam is typically used
•diff cutting technologies for diff fabricated (lower tolerances). sophisticated geometry & internal voids. • renders the material being formed
materials : Laser-beam, plasma- • Production –large quantity • Fabrication environment – enclosed & quiet : • retains its new geometry once cooled
arc & water-jet. elements (machines typically more • Non-expert use – users do not require specialist
•slicing material in a precisely. economical & faster ) programming languages /machine skills prior
ACTUAL
DIGITAL TOOLS & MACHINES
FABRICATION
COMPUTER- 3-D GENERATIVE/
AIDED MODELING PARAMETRIC
DESIGN SOFTWARE SOFTWARE
AutoCAD, 3ds Max, Google Digital Project,
MicroStation SketchUp, MAYA Generative Components,
Vector Works Rhino Grasshopper, MAX script,
MEL script, Processing.
DIGITAL TOOLS & MACHINES
FABRICATION
SOFTWARE LASER- RAPID RAPID HAND HELD
CNC ROUTER CNC ROUTER CNC MILLING
INTERFACE CUTTING PROTOTYPING PROTOTYPING KEYPAD
SOFTWARE MACHINE MACHINE EQUIP GANTRY CONTROL ENCLOSED MACHINE
Detailed
removing
model/
typical material from
prototype In contrast to
| | | | |
configurations a wooden sheet.
| |
use of digital components
that utilizes a machines
gantry type, this milling vs
fabrication to clean off any
thick paper Z-Starch version : has an enclosed
machines is excess powder gantry to are often routing : type of
cardboard builds up layers using environment
typically using enable controlled drill bit
acrylic sheet a powder which is and may be
facilitated by specific tools in the cutting by a attached to
thin metal bonded together used to cut thin
the machine’s a controlled head to move handheld cutting head
sheets across the sheet metal and
software environment keypad (the overall
slim wooden plastics as well
interface machine apparatus is
veneers as wood
bed typically
composite
identical)
sheets
CNC MILLING & ROUTING-TOOLS | CNC APPLICATIONS
◦ limitless combination & types of shapes & apertures may be
◦ machines come in a achieved due to the spectrum of different cutter geometries
range of sizes & main applications:
types, depending on • Drilling or boring –diameter holes
the purpose &
• Carving –contoured 3D surfaces
materials intended
for processing. • Shaping –fabricate profiles on edges
◦ most common - • Sanding –finish profiled edges
gantry type : cuts a • Sawing –large quantity linear cuts
variety of materials
through simple • Squaring –remove excess material
change of tool bits in
the machine head.
CNC (Computer numerical control) cuttings
CNC MILLING STEP BY STEP
1 2 3
design developed digitally wrt the maximum size tested using a laser-cut MDF scale model – simulation Once all the components drawn in CAD software, sheets
of plywood sheets able to fit on CNC milling bed. Of proposed manufacturing method & potential prepared for ‘file-to-factory’ order. A specific package
Cuboid-sphere grown from epicenter, modifiers- issues identified. Structural stability - major problem optimized the number of components from each sheet,
spherical form pulled towards internal, cuboid ribs were in one plane only. led to developing cross- reducing material waste.
geometry sectional ribs, affording easy assembly & rigidity.
4 5 6
drawing errors in sheet files typically identified in The components are slotted and jointed together. To protect the wood from weathering, a Uvi polythene
machine’s software, but ensure that data is correctly Assembly may be greatly assisted by using the CNC skin was stapled and glued to the structural shell to allow
formatted. Using cutting patterns/ toolpaths, from machine to provide reference numbers and pre-cut outdoor usage
CAD/CAM files, milling machine cuts full-size holes and slots.
components from 18mm plywood sheets.
Architectural Model Making Using a Laser Cutter |
STEP 1: 3D model STEP 2: Measuring model surface STEP 3: 2D drawing in Autocad
|
ADVANTAGES
•Clean and perfect cuts no
rework
•cutting & engraving in single
operation
•Non contact – no
surface blemishing
STEP 4: Additional Model Pieces STEP 5: Making of Physical Model •No material fixation -no
breakage, less waste
•No cleaning of knives -no parts
stick after cutting
•Engraving for simulation of
different materials
STEP 6: The completed Physical Model STEP 7: Sectional Model (eg : Masonry)
•High degree of flexibility in the
choice of contours –
• without any need for tool
construction /changeover
ARCHITECTURE
STRATEGIES
NON-LINEARITY
DIGITAL
AND CONTOURING FOLDING FORMING SECTIONING TILING
TOOLING
INDETERMINACY
THANKYOU
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