UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Morong, Rizal
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Project in Civil Engineering
Professional Proficiency &
Development
(Prelim Term)
Engineering Mathematics Problems &
Solutions (10 items)
Engineering Surveying Problems &
Solutions (10 items)
Submitted by: Romel A. Opo
Submitted to: Engr. John Troy Borromeo
Section: 5-CE-A
Date of Submission: March 05, 2021
Engineering Mathematics
PROBLEM 1.
If 9X = 27Y and 81Y = 243Z, then what is x/z equal to?
SOLUTION
9X = 27Y
32X = 33Y
2X = 3Y - eq.1
81Y = 243Z
34Y = 35Z
4Y = 5Z - eq.2
From eq.1
2x
Y= - eq.3
3
Substitute eq.3 to eq.2
2x
4( ) = 5Z
3
8X = 15Z
X 𝟏𝟓
=
Z 𝟖
PROBLEM 2.
Find the centroid of the polygon whose sides are defined by the points. A (0,8), B
(-5,3), C (12,4) and D (8,-7).
SOLUTION
0 +(−5)+ 12 + 8
̅=
X = 3.75
4
6 + 3 + 4 +(−7)
̅=
Y = -2
4
̅,Y
(X ̅) = (3.75 , -2)
PROBLEM 3.
What is the first derivative of y = 2xx?
SOLUTION
ln(y) = ln(2xx)
ln(y) = xln(2x)
d[ln(y)] = d[xln(2x)]
1 1
(y’) = x [( )(2)] + ln(2x)
y 2x
1
(y’) = 1 + ln(2x)
y
y’ = y [1 + ln(2x)]
But y = 2xx
y’ = 2xx [1 + ln(2x)]
PROBLEM 4.
A triangular through is 12 m long, 2 m wide at the top and 2 m deep. If the water
flows in at the rate of 12 m3 per min, find how fast the surface is rising when the
water is 1 m deep, in m/min.
SOLUTION
2m
12 cu.m. / min 2m
12m
b
h
dV 12 m²
=
dt min
V=Axh
1
V = ( bh)(12)
2
b=h
1
V = ( h2)(12)
2
V = 6h2
dV dh
=12h
dt dt
dV
But = 12,
dt
dh
12 = 12h
dt
dh
12 = 12(1)
dt
dh 𝟏𝐦
=
dt 𝐦𝐢𝐧
PROBLEM 5.
If the tangents of the given curves are equal. Determine the value of R in the given
figure if D = 1750 ft.
0ft
55
R
SOLUTION
FBD:
550ft
0ft R
55
D
R
R - 550
R + 550
By Pythagorean Theorem,
(R + 550)2 = 17502 + (R – 550)2
By shift-solve,
R = 1392.05 ft.
PROBLEM 6.
In how many ways can two unit squares be selected from an 8 by 8 chessboard
so that they are not in the same column?
SOLUTION
For same row = 8C2
There are 8 rows a chessboard have, therefore
8C2 x 8 = 224
Similarly for columns,
Total = 224 x 2 = 448
Subtract from total combination,
64C2 – 448 = 1568 ways
PROBLEM 7.
A piece of wire 40cm long is cut into two parts. One part is bent to form a square
and the other bent into an equilateral triangle. If thrice the perimeter of the triangle
is eight more than the perimeter of the square, find how much wire is bent into a
square.
SOLUTION
Let x be the length of square wire and let y be the length of equilateral triangle
wire.
x + y = 40 - eq.1
But, 3y = 8 + x - eq.2
From eq.1,
x = 40 – y - eq.3
Substitute eq.3 to eq.2
3y = 8 + 40 – y
4y = 48
Y = 12
Therefore the length to be bent for square wire,
x = 40 – 12
x = 28 cm
PROBLEM 8.
In 1930, the following question was proposed:
“A man’s age at death was one twenty-ninth of the year of his birth. How old was
he in the year 1900?”
SOLUTION
Let x be the man’s age at his death.
Therefore, the year of his birth = 29x
x + 29x = 30x
Year divisible by 30 from 1900 to 1930 = 1920
29x
Year of birth = 1920( ) = 1856
30𝑥
Therefore, age of man at 1900
1900 – 1856 = 44 years old
PROBLEM 9.
The inside of a vase is an inverted cone 3 in. across the top and 5 in. deep. If a
heavy sphere 2.5 in. in diameter is dropped into it when the vase is full of water,
how much water will overflow?
SOLUTION
FBD
3"
A C B
O
5" 1.25
1.2 "
x y
5"
V
For triangle VOY,
1.25
sin 16.70 =
OV
OV = 4.35 in.
For triangle BCV,
BC 1.5
tan θ = =
CV 5
θ = 16.700
CO = 5 – OV = 5 – 4.35 = 0.65 in
h = R + CO
h = 1.25 + 0.65 = 1.90 in.
1
V = (π)(h2) (3R-h)
3
1
V = (π)(1.902) [3(1.25)-1.90]
3
V = 6.99 in3
PROBLEM 10.
tan 2θ
Evaluate the limit where θ approaches to zero.
2sin2 θ
SOLUTION
tan 2θ tan 2(0) 0
lim = =
θ⟶0 2sin2 θ 2sin2 (0) 0
2sec22θ
lim
θ⟶0 2(2sinθcosθ)
sec22θ sec2 2(0)
lim = lim
θ⟶0 sin2θ θ⟶0 sin2(0)
sec22θ 1
lim = =∞
θ⟶0 sin2θ 0
Engineering Surveying
PROBLEM 1.
A simple curve has a central angle of 360 and a degree of curve of 60.
1. Find the nearest distance from the midpoint of the curve to the point of
intersection of the tangents.
2. Compute the distance from the midpoint of the curve to the midpoint of the long
chord joining the point of curvature and point of tangency.
SOLUTION
Radius of curvature assuming arc-basis,
1145.916 1145.916
R= = = 190.986 m
D 6
EXTERNAL DISTANCE, E nearest distance from the midpoint of the curve to the
point of intersection of the tangents.
I
E = R (sec – 1)
2
36²
E = 190.986(se c – 1)
2
E = 9.829 m
MIDDLE ORDINATE, M distance from the midpoint of the curve to the midpoint of
the long chord joining the point of curvature and point of tangency.
I
M = R (1 - cos2)
36²
M = 190.986(1 - cos )
2
M = 9.348 m
PROBLEM 2.
Calculate the radius of curvature of a simple curve whose external distance is 18
m and middle ordinate of 17.5 m.
SOLUTION
From the given,
I
E = R (sec – 1) I
M = R (1 - cos2)
2
1 17.5
E=R( I – 1) R= I
cos 1 − cos2
2
18
R= 1
(
cos
I) – 1
2
Equate the two equation expressed in terms of R,
18 17.5
1 = I
(
cos
I) – 1 1 − cos2
2
I
cos = 0.972222
2
I = 27.07240
Solving for R,
18
R= 1 = 630 m
( 0.972222²
)–1
cos
2
PROBLEM 3.
To measure a base line, a steel tape 30 m long, standardized at 15 0 C with a pull
of 80 N was used. Find the correction per tape length, if the temperature at the
time of measurement is 250 C and the pull exerted is 150 N. Take Young’s modulus
E = 2x105 N/mm2 and coefficient of thermal expansion α = 11.6x10 -6/0C. Cross-
sectional area of tape is 8 mm2.
SOLUTION
Given,
T1 = 150C T2 = 250C E = 2x105 N/mm2 or MPa
P1 = 80 N P2 = 150 N A = 8 mm2
L1 = 30 m α = 11.6x10-6/0C
Correction due to temperature,
CT = α(T2 – T1)L1
CT = (11.6x10-6/0C)(250C - 150C)(30m)
CT = +0.00348 m
Correction due to pull,
(P1−P2)(L1)
Cp =
AE
(150 N − 80 N)(30 m)
Cp = N
(8 mm2)(2x105 )
mm2
Cp = +0.0013125 m
Total correction per tape length,
CTOTAL = CT + CP
CTOTAL = 0.0034800 + 0.0013125
CTOTAL = + 0.0047925 (Tape too long)
PROBLEM 4.
The vertical offset of the curve from the point of intersection of grades is 3.2 m. If
the length of the vertical summit parabolic curve is 160 m, what is the vertical offset
from the back tangent to a point on the curve at a distance of 60 m from the P.C?
SOLUTION
V g
H = 3.2 m
y
PVT
PVC 60 m
L/2 = 80 m L/2 = 80 m
L = 160 m
By square property of a parabola,
x1² x2² (L/2)²
= =
y1 y2 H
60² 80²
=
y 3.2
y = 1.8 m
PROBLEM 5.
In order to measure the height of a mountain, a surveyor takes two sightings from
a transit 1-1/2 m high. The sightings are taken 1200 m apart from the same ground
elevation. The first measured angle of elevation is 51 0, and the second is 380. To
the nearest meter, what is the height of the mountain (above the ground level).
SOLUTION
h - 1.5
h
38 51
1.5 m
1200 m x
h−5
tan (51) =
x
h−5
x=
tan(51)
Consequently,
h−5
tan (38) =
1200 + x
h−5
tan (38) = h−5
1200 +(
tan(51)
)
h = 2553.836 m
PROBLEM 6.
Compute the normal tension which will be applied to tape supported over two
supports in order to make the tape equal to its nominal length when supported only
at the end points. The steel tape is 30-m long weighs 1.5 kg when supported
throughout its length under a standard pull of 6 kg with the modulus of elasticity is
2x106 kg/cm2 and the area of 0.05 cm2.
SOLUTION
Given,
L1 = 30 m E = 2x106 kg/cm2
W = 1.5 kg A = 0.05 cm2
P1 = 6 kg P2 = PN = Normal pull / tension
Compute the linear density,
1.5 kg
w= = 0.05 kg/m
30 m
To solve for the normal pull or tension, equate CSAG and CP
CSAG = CP
w (L1)2 (P1−P2)(L1)
2
=
24(PN))2 AE
(0.05)2 (30)2 (PN − 6)(30)
2 =
24(PN) (0.05)(2x106 )
PN = 23.29 kg
PROBLEM 7.
A 100 m tape weighing 5.08 kg was used to measure a line. It was supported at
the end points, midpoints, and quarter points and the tension applied is 60 N. If the
total measured distance is 2345.76, what is the correct distance of the line?
SOLUTION
Given, Length, L = 100 m
Total mass = 5.08 kg
Applied pull, P2 = 60 N
Linear density, w = 5.08(9.81) / 100 = 0.498 N/m
Measured distance, MD = 2345.76 m
Since the tape is supported at the end points, midpoints, and quarter points, each
segment must be 25-m long. The correction due to sag per 25-m segment is.
w2 L3 (0.498)2 (25)3
Csag = = = 0.0449 m
24(P2)2 24(60)2
Assuming linear accumulation for the error, the total correction due to sag is,
2345.76
Csag = 0.0449( ) = - 4.213 m
25
(Correction due to sag is always subtracted)
The correct distance of the line is therefore,
TD = MD + E
TD = 2345.76 + (- 4.213)
TD = 2345.547 m
PROBLEM 8.
The offset distance from point A on a simple curve to P on the tangent line passing
through P.T. is 50 m. The distance from the P.T. to P on the tangent is 250 m. If
the angle of intersection of the tangents is equal to 600. Evaluate the radius of the
simple curve.
I
SOLUTION P.I. P
250m P.T.
P.T.
Z
50m A
Z
R
i R
R
P.C.
2i
R
O
O
Consider triangle P-A-PT,
tan α = (50 / 250)
α = 11.30990
z = √502 + 2502 = 254.951 m
From half of triangle A-O-PT,
𝑧
2
sin α =
𝑅
254.951
2
sin 11.3099 =
𝑅
R = 650 m
PROBLEM 9.
From the mass diagram drawn from data obtained for an earthwork, the overhaul
volume is 5000 m3 and the average distance is 110m long measured from centroid
of embankment. If the cost of hauling is Php4.50 per cubic meter-station, compute
the total cost of overhaul. Free haul distance is 50m.
SOLUTION
Given,
Overhaul volume, Voverhaul = 5000 m3
Average haul distance, AHD = 110 m
Free-haul distance, FHD = 50 m
Cost of hauling per station, Ch = Php4.50 / m3-station
Overhaul distance,
OHD = AHD – FHD = 110 – 50 = 60 m
Overhaul,
Overhaul = Voverhaul x OHD = 5000 x 60 = 300,000 m3-m
Cost of hauling assuming 20-meter stations,
Php4.50 1 station
Ch = x = Php0.225 / m3-m
m3 −station 20 m
The total cost of overhaul is therefore,
Total cost of Overhaul = 300,000 x 0.225 = Php67,500
PROBLEM 10.
Calculate the design velocity if the desirable length of spiral is 96.51 m and the
degree of central curve is 60.
SOLUTION
Given, Desirable length of spiral, Ls = 96.51 m
Degree of curve, D = 60
Radius of curvature of the circular curve, assuming arc-basis,
1145.961 1145.961
Rc = = = 190.986 m
D 6o
Design velocity, K
0.036(K)3
Ls =
Rc
0.036(K)3
96.51 =
190.986
K = 80 Kph
