A

IT SKILL LAB -2

On

“CREATING AND FORMATTING CHART”

-:SUBMITTED TO:-

Department of Management Studies, H R Institute of Technology, Ghaziabad affiliated

to Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow for the partial fulfillment of the
award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration

-:GUIDED BY:-

Internal Guide

Mr. Rahul Sir

Assistant Professor
HRIT, GHAZIABAD

-:SUBMITTED BY:-
Preeti Mishra
MBA – IInd. Semester
Roll Number:210194070031

H R INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, GHAZIABAD

(2021-23)
 Department of MBA
HRIT Group of Institutions
(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute)
7th KM. STONE, DELHI-MEERUT ROAD, GHAZIABAD (U.P)-201003

Student’s Undertakings

I, Preeti Mishra having Roll No 210194070031 hereby declare that:

(i) I am a student of MBA 2021-23 batch, studying in IInd. semester.

(ii) This IT Skill lab is based on my own work carried out during IInd. semester study and submitted
for the partial fulfillment of the award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration from
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow.

I further declare to the best of my knowledge and belief that this mini project report does not contain any
part of any work which has been submitted for the award of any other degree/diploma/certificate in this
Institute or any other Institute.

Signature:

Name: Preeti Mishra

Roll No: 210194070031

 HRIT Group of Institutions (Department of MBA)
(ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute)
7th KM. STONE, DELHI-MEERUT ROAD, GHAZIABAD (U.P)-201003

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. Preeti Mishra is a bonafide student of MBA-IInd. Semester batch (2021-23) of
HR Institute of Technology Ghaziabad and has undertaken IT Skill Lab on Creating and formatting chart
during the study of the IInd. semester.

Name of Internal Guide Prof. Ms Madhubhal

Head- Department of Management
(Designation)
Date: Date:
 INDEX

S.No Topic PageNo

1 Creating and Formatting chart 1,2

2 Chart

 Meaning 3
 Types 4,5

3 Bar Chart 6,17

4 Column chart 18,20

5 Pie Chart 21,23

6 Line chart 24,28

7 Combo Chart 29,32

8 Flow chart 33,36

9 Area Chart 37,40

“CREATING AND FORMATTING THE CHART”
CHART
 Chart

a chart is a graphical representation of data. Charts allow users to see what the results of data to

better understand and predict current and future data. The picture below contains an example of a column

chart displaying the number of unique visitors Computer Hope has received between the years of 2000 and

2006. In this example, you'll notice a gentle increase of users without reading any data.

Types of charts
There are a wide variety of charts available to display data. The list below contains those that are

most popular and supported by many programs.

 Bar chart

 Column chart

 Combo chart

 Area chart

 Line chart

 Pie chart

 Flow chart

WHEN
CHART
SHOULD I EXAMPLE
TYPE
USE IT?
1 Pie Chart When you want to quantify items
and show them as percentages.
 When you want to compare values
2 Bar Chart across a few categories. The values
run horizontally

When you want to compare values

3 Column chart across a few categories. The values
run vertically

When you want to visualize trends

4 Line chart over a period of time i.e. months,
days, years, etc.

5 When you want to highlight

Combo Chart
different types of information

BAR CHART
A bar chart (or a bar graph) is one of the easiest ways to present your data in Excel, where horizontal bars are

used to compare data values. Here’s how to make and format bar charts in Microsoft Excel.

HOW TO CREATE A BAR CHART

To insert a bar chart in Microsoft Excel, open your Excel workbook and select your data. You can do this

manually using your mouse, or you can select a cell in your range and press Ctrl+A to select the data

automatically.
Once your data is selected, click Insert > Insert Column or Bar Chart.

Various column charts are available, but to insert a standard bar chart, click the “Clustered Chart” option. This

chart is the first icon listed under the “2-D Column” section.

Excel will automatically take the data from your data set to create the chart on the same worksheet, using your

column labels to set axis and chart titles. You can move or resize the chart to another position on the same

worksheet, or cut or copy the chart to another worksheet or workbook file.

For our example, the sales data has been converted into a bar chart showing a comparison of the number of

sales for each electronic product.

For this set of data, mice were bought the least with 9 sales, while headphones were bought the most with 55

sales. This comparison is visually obvious from the chart as presented.

Formatting Bar Charts in Microsoft Excel

By default, a bar chart in Excel is created using a set style, with a title for the chart extrapolated from one of

the column labels (if available).

You can make many formatting changes to your chart, should you wish to. You can change the color and style

of your chart, change the chart title, as well as add or edit axis labels on both sides. This would be especially

important for sales data, where a trendline could visualize decreasing or increasing number of sales over time.

Changing Chart Title Text

To change the title text for a bar chart, double-click the title text box above the chart itself. You’ll then be able

to edit or format the text as required.

If you want to remove the chart title completely, select your chart and click the “Chart Elements” icon on the

right, shown visually as a green, “+” symbol.

From here, click the checkbox next to the “Chart Title” option to deselect it.

Your chart title will be removed once the checkbox has been removed.

Adding and Editing Axis Labels

To add axis labels to your bar chart, select your chart and click the green “Chart Elements” icon (the “+”

icon).

From the “Chart Elements” menu, enable the “Axis Titles” checkbox.
Axis labels should appear for both the x axis (at the bottom) and the y axis (on the left). These will appear as

text boxes.

To edit the labels, double-click the text boxes next to each axis. Edit the text in each text box accordingly,

then select outside of the text box once you’ve finished making changes.
If you want to remove the labels, follow the same steps to remove the checkbox from the “Chart Elements”

menu by pressing the green, “+” icon. Removing the checkbox next to the “Axis Titles” option will

immediately remove the labels from view.

Changing Chart Style and Colors

Microsoft Excel offers a number of chart themes (named styles) that you can apply to your bar chart. To apply

these, select your chart and then click the “Chart Styles” icon on the right that looks like a paint brush.

A list of style options will become visible in a drop-down menu under the “Style” section.

Select one of these styles to change the visual appearance of your chart, including changing the bar layout and

background.
You can access the same chart styles by clicking the “Design” tab, under the “Chart Tools” section on the

ribbon bar.

The same chart styles will be visible under the “Chart Styles” section—clicking any of the options shown will

change your chart style in the same way as the method above.
You can also make changes to the colors used in your chart in the “Color” section of the Chart Styles menu.

Color options are grouped, so select one of the color palette groupings to apply those colors to your chart

You can test each color style by hovering over them with your mouse first. Your chart will change to show

how the chart will look with those colors applied.

Further Bar Chart Formatting Options

You can make further formatting changes to your bar chart by right-clicking the chart and selecting the

“Format Chart Area” option.

This will bring up the “Format Chart Area” menu on the right. From here, you can change the fill, border, and

other chart formatting options for your chart under the “Chart Options” section.
If you want to make further text formatting changes, you can do this using the standard text formatting options

under the “Home” tab while you’re editing a label.

You can also use the pop-up formatting menu that appears above the chart title or axis label text boxes as you

edit them.
 Column Chart

To create a column chart, follow these steps:

1. Enter data in a spreadsheet.

2. Select the data.

3. Depending on the Excel version you're using, select one of the following options:

 Excel 2016: Click Insert > Insert Column or Bar Chart icon, and select a column chart option of

your choice.
  Excel 2013: Click Insert > Insert Column Chart icon, and select a column chart option of your

choice.

 Excel 2010 and Excel 2007: Click Insert > Column, and select a column chart option of your choice.

 You can optionally format the chart a little further. See the list below for a few options:

Note: Make sure you click on the chart first before applying a formatting option.

 To apply a different chart layout, click Design > Charts Layout, and select a layout.

 To apply a different chart style, click Design > Chart Styles, and pick a style.

 To apply a different shape style, click Format > Shape Styles, and pick a style.

Note: A chart style is different from a shape style. A shape style is a formatting option that applies to the

chart’s border only, whereas the chart style is a formatting option that applies to the entire chart.

 To apply different shape effects, click Format > Shape Effects, and pick an option such

as Bevel or Glow, and then a sub option.

 To apply a theme, click Page Layout > Themes, and select a theme.

 To apply a formatting option to a specific component of a chart (such as Vertical (Value)

Axis, Horizontal (Category) Axis, Chart Area, to name a few), click Format > pick a

component in the Chart Elements dropdown box, click Format Selection, and make any

necessary changes. Repeat the step for each component you want to modify.

Note: If you are comfortable working in charts, you can also select and right-click on a specific area

on the chart and select a formatting option.

 PIE CHART

A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate

numerical proportion. In a pie chart, the arc length of each slice (and consequently its central angle and area)

is proportional to the quantity it represents. While it is named for its resemblance to a pie which has been

sliced, there are variations on the way it can be presented. The earliest known pie chart is generally credited

to William Playfair's Statistical Breviary of 1801.[1][2]

Pie charts are very widely used in the business world and the mass media.[3] However, they have been

criticized,[4] and many experts recommend avoiding them,[5][6][7][8] as research has shown it is difficult to

compare different sections of a given pie chart, or to compare data across different pie charts. Pie charts can

be replaced in most cases by other plots such as the bar chart, box plot, dot plot, etc.
To Create a Pie chart follow these steps:-

1. n your spreadsheet, select the data to use for your pie chart.

For more information about how pie chart data should be arranged, see Data for pie charts.

2. Click Insert > Insert Pie or Doughnut Chart, and then pick the chart you want.
 3. Click the chart and then click the icons next to the chart to add finishing touches:

 To show, hide, or format things like axis titles or data labels, click Chart Elements  .

 To quickly change the color or style of the chart, use the Chart Styles  .

 To show or hide data in your chart click Chart Filters  .

 LINE CHART

A line graph (also called a line chart or run chart) is a simple but powerful tool and is generally used to show

changes over time. Line graphs can include a single line for one data set, or multiple lines to compare two or

more sets of data.

The essential components of a line graph are the same as other charts. They include the following:
  X axis (Horizontal Axis): On a line graph, the X axis is the independent variable and generally shows

time periods.

 Y axis (Vertical Axis): This axis is the dependent variable and shows the data you are tracking.

 Legend: This section provides information about the tracked data to help viewers read and understand

the graph. A legend is most useful when a graph has more than one line.

 Plot Area: The space on which the data is plotted.

To Create a line chart, follow these step:-

 Once you collect the data you want to chart, the first step is to enter it into Excel. The first column will

be the time segments (hour, day, month, etc.), and the second will be the data collected (muffins sold,

etc.).
 Highlight both columns of data and click Charts > Line > and make your selection. We chose Line for

this example, since we are only working with one data set.
 Excel creates the line graph and displays it in your worksheet.
Customizing a Line Graph

To change parts of the graph, right-click on the part and then click Format. The following options are

available for most of the graph elements. Changes specific to each element are discussed below:

 Font: Change the text color, style, and font.

 Fill: Add a background color or pattern.

 Shadow, Glow & Soft Edges and 3-D Format: Make an object stand out.

Line Graph Titles

If Excel doesn’t automatically create a title, select the graph, then click Chart  > Chart Layout > Chart Title.

Other Versions of Excel: Click the Chart Tools tab > Layout > Chart Title, and click your option.

To change the text of title, just click on it and type.

 COMBO CHART

A combo chart is a combination of two column charts, two line graphs, or a column chart and a line graph.

You can make a combo chart with a single dataset or with two datasets that share a common string field.

Combo charts can answer questions about your data, such as: What are the trends for the same categories?
 To Create a Combo Chart, follow these charts:-

1. Click anywhere in the chart you want to change to a combo chart to show the CHART TOOLS.

2. Click DESIGN > Change Chart Type.

3. On the All Charts tab, choose Combo, and then pick the Clustered Column - Line on Secondary

Axis chart.

4. Under Choose the chart type and axis for your data series   , check the Secondary Axis box for each

data series you want to plot on the secondary axis, and then change their chart type to Line.

5. Make sure that all other data series are shown as Clustered Column
 FLOW CHART

A flowchart or flow chart usually shows steps of the task, process, or workflow. There are many different

SmartArt templates predefined in MS Excel that you can use to illustrate the process, including visually

appealing templates with pictures.

However, if you want to use different shapes and a complex topology, it is better to create your own

flowchart.
 To Create Flow chart,follow these steps:-

1. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, select Shapes:

2.  On the Shapes list, in the Flowchart group, choose the item that you prefer:

3.  To add text in the selected shape, just double-click in it and enter the text.

4. To connect shapes, do the following:

 On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click on the Shapes list and then select

one of the connectors in the Lines group:

 Select the beginning point in a border of the first shape and the ending point in a border of the

second shape:
 AREA CHART

An area chart or area graph displays graphically quantitative data. It is based on the line chart. The area

between axis and line are commonly emphasized with colors, textures and hatchings. Commonly one

compares two or more quantities with an area chart.

To Create Area Chart, follow these steps:-

 Select the whole data or range for which we have to make the chart:

 Then, go to the “Insert” tab and select “Area Chart” like below:
 We have to select one of the graphs shown in the drop-down list. Refer to the below image:

 The excel chart will get populated as shown below: