Electronic Components’
Identification and its
Functions
Resistor
- used to resist or control the flow of current in a circuit. Resistors are
likewise used to provide voltage drop.
Types of Resistor
Fixed Resistor – with fixed values, rated from a fraction of an ohm up tp million
ohms. Most common power ratings are from ¼, 1/2, 1,2,5,10,15 and 20 watts.
Symbol Actual Component
Types of Resistor
Variable Resistor – the rated value can be varied from its minimum value up to its
maximum value. The most common application of this device is its use as volume control
for radio receivers.
Symbol Actual Component
Chip Resistor - also known as surface-mount device or SMD resistor is an integrated
circuit (IC) device designed in square or rectangular chip bundles.
Actual Component
Capacitor
formerly known as condenser)is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of
conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator). When there is a
potential difference (voltage) across the conductors a static electric
field develops in the dielectric that stores energy and produces a
mechanical force between the conductors. An ideal capacitor is
characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in
farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to
the potential difference between them.
Types of Capacitor
Fixed Non-Polarized – Can be connected in a circuit without polarity consideration. Their
usual application is in audio and RF circuits and as transient
suppressors.
Actual Component
Symbol
Mylar capacitor Ceramic capacitor
Types of Capacitor
Air-Dielectric Variable or Tuning Capacitor – is made of a set of fixed metallic plates (stator)
and set of movable plates (rotor) arranged in a such way that they can
mesh with each other without any physical contact. The capacitance can
be varied by rotating the shaft holding the rotor plates.
Symbol Actual Component
Chip Capacitors - are simply capacitors manufactured as integrated circuit (IC)
devices, also known as chips or microchips.
Actual Component
Types of Capacitor
Trimmer and Padder – are basically of the same class of variable capacitor since both uses
mica or ceramic dielectrics.
A. Trimmer – when connected in parallel with another capacitor, fixed or variable, for
providing extremely small increases in the total capacitance.
B. Padder – when connected in series with another capacitor, fixed or variable for
slightly reducing the total capacitance.
Symbol Actual Component
Types of Capacitor
Polarized Capacitor – ere either aluminum electrolytic or tantalum type. They are
connected like a battery with references to polarity of terminals. An electrolytic
capacitor is a type of capacitor that uses an electrolyte, an ionic conducting liquid, as
one of its plates, to achieve a larger capacitance per unit volume than other types. They
are often referred to in electronics usage simply as "electrolytic". They are used in
relatively high-current and low-frequency electrical circuits, particularly in power supply
filters, where they store charge needed to moderate output voltage and current
fluctuations in rectifier output.
Symbol Actual Component
Electrolytic Capacitor Tantalum Capacitor
Inductors
An inductor or a coils is a passive electrical component that can store energy in a
magnetic field created by the electric current passing through it.
An inductor's ability to store magnetic energy is measured by its
inductance, in units of henries.
Actual Component
Symbol
Diode
a two terminal device that conducts current more easily in only one direction. The most common
function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction
(called the diode's forward direction) while blocking current in the opposite
direction (the reverse direction).
Types of Diode
Rectifier diodes – are usually of silicon material and intended for rectification purposes.
Rectification is the process of changing AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage.
Symbol Actual Component
Types of Diode
Zener Diode - is a type of diode that permits current not only in the forward direction like a
normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown
voltage known as "Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage".
Breakdown Voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion
of an insulator to experience electrical breakdown and become
electrically conductive.
Symbol Actual Component
Types of Diode
Light Emitting Diode - a p-n device like a rectifier diode except that it is usually intended to
indicate current flow, as a power ON indicator or condition of a circuit
Symbol Actual Component
Fuse
a protective device having a short length of wire that melts when the current
passing through it exceeds its rated value.
Types of Fuse
Symbol Actual Component
Glass Fuse Automotive Fuse
Integrated Circuit (IC)
electronic device with both the active (diodes and/or transistor) and passive (resistor
and capacitors) components contained in a single package to
perform a complete electronic function
Symbol Actual Component
Transformer
an electronic/electrical device consisting of two or more coils coupled together by magnetic induction.
The usual application is to convert the 220V ac line voltage into a lower
secondary voltage.
Symbol Actual Component
Transistors
an active semiconductor device having three electrodes (terminals). It could
perform a variety of application such as switch, amplifier,
oscillator, etc.
Types of Transistor
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
The Bipolar Junction Transistor is a semiconductor device which can be used for
switching or amplification
Symbol Actual Component
Types of Transistor
Field Effect Transistor (FET) - is a three terminal active device that uses an electric field
to control the current flow and it has a high input impedance which is useful in many
circuits.
Symbol Actual Component
