dsecsitY earthing & lightning protection Electric Machines Sikkim University 17 pag.STANDARD SPECIFICATION FOR EARTHING & LIGHTNING PROTECTION1. Foreword LL. Earthing is essential in any electrical installation to provide safety. The conventional Gl pipe earthing system employing charcoal & salts are provided for various applications as per IS: 3043. Corrosion of metallic parts is comparatively fast besides ‘maintenance by way of watering of earth pits and chiseling of corrosion prone parts & their replacement require monitoring which may not always be feasible in certain crowded and inaccessible areas. 1.2. This document is intended to provide guide lines for installation & testing of long lasting earthing system for various applications to meet requirement of rules 51, 61 of Indian Electricity Rule, 1956, Scope: 1.1. This specification covers components, enhancing material & jointing used and procedure for constructing the earth pit for maintenance free earthing system to ensure that the resistance to earth is near zero consistent throughout the year. Codes & standards LL. The design, material, assembling, inspection and testing shall comply with all, currently applicable statutes, regulations and safety codes in the locality where the system will be installed. The equipment shall also confirm to the latest applicable standards and codes of practice as mentioned below Sr. Item Relevant 152308 1. | Code of practice for earthing, boro 2_| Insulation co-ordination application guide 13716 3 | Code of practice for protection of buildings and allied structares against | 153043 lightning. BS 6651 TEE guide for safety in AC sub station grounding IEEE 80 ‘Standard for qualifying permanent connections used in Substation grounding. 4 [Indian electricity rules, 1956 with latest amendments 5. | Indian electricity act, 1910 | 6 | National electrical code | Wherever, reference to any specification appears in this document, itshall be ‘Taken as a reference to the latest version of that specification unless the year of issue of the specification is specifically stated. 2. Applications 2.1.1.Earthing systems covered in this document shall be for providing effective grounds for 21.1.1. — Sub-Stations 2112. RTUs, supply control posts 2.1.13, Transformer and Generator neutral & Body earths 21.14, Lightning arrester earths 2.1.15. — Equipment earths including panels 105Selection Of Earth System Installations/ | 1g Vaiue SN.] Curent Reva Soil Type/ Resistivity Barth System Capacity T [House hold | Sohm | Normal Soil/ upto 50 ohmemir Tingle Electrode earthing/ 3kA ‘Sandy Soil/ between 50 to 2000 ohm- mtr Single Electrode Rocky Sall/ Move than 2000 chivas | Maliple Blettodes 5] Commercial Fon] Noval Sa] apo ST Single Hecrade premises Office Boings/ Ska Sandy SH aple 00S] alia Hecttodes Rocky So Mie an Haha Mule Electrodes 37 [Rrasfornes, | 1-2 | Normal So/ apo chant Single Hecrode Stbotation | chim earthing LT te sen Say Si pio Sie pe 15kA cclrodes Rocky Sal] Move than 2000 oh] Maliple ecrodes 7 Tansey — es than | Noval 57 apie SOO Single Tecwode Substation | ohm carting HT tn nent Sandy SH aple HOO SE cad cwip | Hlcrodes ecky S07 Mire han 00 ohne) Multiple Hecttodes 37 Lighining Kas than | Normal S67 apo chant Single Hecrode arreersextra | ohm high cuent applications Sandy Sa aple BOOO Tae Watiple ete/ 5 Electrodes Rocky Sall/ Move than 2000 ohms | Malipe Hecroes 5 FRE, Tes han | Noval Sa apo BT Single Fecrode RTUs,FOIS, 0.5ohm COs, ATMs Sandy Soll apio 000 ohate | Malipe and data Hecttodes procesing Rocky Sall/ Move than 2000 ohms Mlle E centre etc./5KA_ ‘Note j Single/multiple electrode in above earth system shall be either rod earth electrode or concentric pipe earth electrode as per clause 8.1. 1063. Type OF Soils Soil can be classified in to various types, though based on the size of the particles it contains: 3:1. Normal soil 3.1.1 Black cotton soil, vegetable soil, garden soil, loamy garden, soil shallow black , soil medium black soil deep black soil and marshy soil ete having low soil resistivity value ( up to 50 chm meter) 3.2. Sandy soil 3.2.1.This type has the big particles and the size of the particles does determine the degree of aeration and drainage that the soil allows, It is granular and consists of rock and mineral particles that are very small, Therefore the texture is gritty and sandy soil is formed by the disintegration and weathering of rocks such as limestone, granite, quartz and shale, thus resulting in over-drainage. It warms very fast in the spring season. Coastal area, silt soil, red sandy soil, sandy clay and coastal alluvium etc having soil resistivity up to 2000 ohm-meter are considered as sandy soil. 33. Rocky soil 33.1.The area containing rocks, pebbles, uneven hard surface laterite soil, lime stone, sand stone, gravel, granite and chalk etc having soil resistivity more than 2000 ohm-meter is considered as rocky soil, This type of soil does not absorb moisture and are extremely poor conductor. 4, Location Of Earth Electrode Where there is option, site should be chosen in one of the following types of soil in the order of preference given:- a. Wet marshy ground; », Clay, loamy soil, arable land ©. Clay and loam mixed with varying proportions of sand, gravel and stones; 4. Damp and wet sand, peat Dry sand, gravel chalk, limestone, granite, very stony ground and all locations where virgin rock is very close to the surface should be avoided, 5. Measurement Of Earth Electrode Resistance The earth resistance shall be measured using fall of potential method as per para 37 of 153043. 6. Earthing System The earthing system includes earth electrode, installation of earth electrode in suitable pit size, construction of earth pit with cover for the installation, connection of earth electrode with equipotential earth bus and connection of equipment to equipotential earth bus. 6.1, Earth electrode The earth electrode is the main component of the earthing system which is in direct contact with the ground and thus provides a means of releasing or collecting any earth leakage currents. The material should have good electrical conductivity and should not corrode in a wide range of soil conditions. For an effective earthing system, two types of earth electrodes can be used as described here: 1076.1.1.Rod earth electrode 6A. 61.1.2, 6143 High tensile-low carbon steel rod having diameter not less than 17mm. complying with requirements of BS 4360 Grade 43A or EN10025:2-004 $275JR, molecularly bonded by 99.99% pure high conductivity copper ‘on outer surface with copper coating thickness 250 micron or more, Length 3000 mm (minimum). Length of the electrode may be increased in multiple of 1 meter to reduce earth resistance if required, To increase the length, pieces of similar rod shall be either exothermally welded to basic 3 meter electrode or connected using socket of suitable size, These sockets shall also be molecularly bonded by 99.99% pure high conductivity copper on inner & outer surface with copper coating thickness 250 micron or more. (Copper bus bar of size 250 mm x 50mm x 6 mm having electrical conductivity of 101% IACS, minimum 99.9% copper content shall be exothermically welded to rod with 4 holes of 12 mm dia. (2.0n each side) for connecting earthing conductor. Current carrying capacity: The design of the electrode should be such, as to have more than 15kA current carrying capacity for 1 second. 6.1.2.8.1.2 Concentric pipe earth electrode: 6.1.21. 61.22, 6123 6.1.24, 61.25 61.26, Primary conductor MS pipe with 25 - 50 mm diameter, class B, ISI mark as per IS-1239, Length 2000 or 3000 mm as per table at para 8.1.27. Secondary conductor MS pipe with 40-100 mm diameter, class B, ISI mark as per 1S-1239, Length 2000 or 3000 mm as per table at para 8.1.27. ‘Conductive mixture For hermetically filling inside the cavity i.e, between secondary conductor & primary conductor, crystalline compound is to be injected in the electrode assembly. It is @ combination of high conductivity metal alloys, copper &aluminium powder, conductive carbon/cement and bonding material ete. mixed in different proportion. ‘The mixture is forced (pressurized) filled inside the earth electrode in the paste form and after solidification of the same, the end caps are welded. The metal alloys shall help in conducting the current and conductive carbon gives anti corrosive property. Bonding material should provide strength to the mixture. Resistivity of the mixture shall be less than 0.2 ohm-meter. Resistivity shall be tested by ‘making a 20cm cube of the material and checking resistance across the ‘opposite face of the cube. ‘Complete electrode shall be molecularly bonded by 99.99% pure, high conductivity copper on outer surface with copper coating thickness 300 micron or more. Its surface shall be clean and free from any visible oxide layer or foreign material Copper bus bar of size 250 mm x 50mm x 6 mm having electrical conductivity of 101% IACS, minimum 99.9% copper content shall preferably be exothermically welded to earth electrode or connected ‘with the help of two number stainless steel nut bolts of appropriate 108size having 4 holes of 12 mm dia, (2 on each side) for connecting earthing conductor. 6.1.27. — Current carrying capacity: The design of the electrode should be such as to have more than following current carrying capacity in kA (for 1 second). 61.28 Current | Primary Conductor slectrode dimensions (dia. x len SN. | Capacity Smeter Blectrode di (dia. x length) 1[3kA 2mm 40 mum x 2000 mm 2 [SKA 2mm 40mm x 3000 mm 3 | 15kA 25mm ‘50 mm x 3000 mm 4 | 40kA 40mm ‘80 mm x 3000 mm 5 [50K 50mm 100 mm x 3000 mm. Note-For more than S0KA applications, multiple electrodes of 50KA capacity shall be installed and connected, 6.2, arth enhancement material: 6.2.1 Barth enhancement material is a superior conductive material that improves ‘earthing effectiveness, especially in areas of poor conductivity (rocky ground, areas of moisture variation, sandy soils ete). It may contain conductive cement, graphite, hydrous aluminium silicate, sodium montmorilloniteete and shall not contain bentonite. Itimproves conductivity of the earth electrode and ground contact area. It shall have following characteristics- 6.22.1t should have low resistivity preferably bellow 0.2 Ohm-meters. Resistivity shall be tested by making a 20cm. cube of the material and checking resistance across the opposite face of the cube. 6.23.1t shall not depend on the continuous presence of water to maintain its conductivity 6.24.1 should be a litte alkaline in nature with pH value >7 but <9, test certificate from NABL approved laboratory to be provided for the composition so designed. 6.25.1t should have better hygroscopic properties to absorb moisture. It should absorb and release the moisture in dry weather condition and help in maintaining the moisture around the earth electrode. 6.2.6.1 should have capacity to retain >10% moisture at 105°C. Test certificate from 'NABL approved lab to be submitted for the composition so designed, 62.7.1 should have water solubility < 5%. Test certificate from NABL approved lab ’be submitted for the composition so designed. 6.28.1t should be granular with granule size 0.1 mm to 3 mm, 6.29.1t should be non toxic, non reactive, non explosiveé non corrosive. 6.210. It shall be thermally stable between -10 degree centigrade to +60 degree centigrade ambient temperature. 6.211. It shall not decompose or leach out with time. 6.22. It shall not pollute the soil or local water table and meets environmental friendly requirement for landfill 62.13. Itshould expand & swell considerably and removes entrapped air to create strong connection between earth electrode and soil. 10962.14. It should be diffuses into soil pores and creates conductive roots enlarging conductive zone of earth pit. 6.2.15. It shall be permanent & maintenance free and in its “set form”, maintains constant earth resistance with time. 6.2.16. It shall not require periodic charging treatment or replacement, 6.2.17. It shall be suitable for any kind of electrode and all kinds of soils of different resistivity, 6.2.18. It shall not cause burns, irritation to eye, skin ete. 6.2.19. Minimum quantity of earth enhancement material to be supplied 6.2.20. For 5’ x5’x 10’ earth pit - Min, 75 kgs per pit 62.21. For 300mm bore type earth pit - Min 50 kgs per pit 6.222. The Earth enhancement material shall be supplied in sealed, moisture proof bags. These bags shall be marked with Manufacturer's name or trade name, quantity, batch no & date of manufacture, 6.223. Backfill material Normally the excavated soil shall be used ifit is free from sand, gravel and. stones. In case the excavated soil contains sand, gravel and stones these shall be removed by appropriate methods such as hand picking, sieving etc. Small proportion of sand in the soil may be permissible. Material like sand, salt, coke breeze, cinders and ash shall not be used because of its acidic and corrosive nature. If the excavated soil contains sand, gravel and stone in large ‘proportion and it is not feasible to remove these economically, good quality soil from other place may be used for backfilling, While backfilling the soil shall be thoroughly compacted with at least 5 kg, compactor. In case the soil is dry, small quantity of water may be sprinkled only to make it moist enough suitable for compacting, Large quantity of water may make the soil muddy which is not suitable for compacting and after drying the soil may contain voids which may permanently increase earth resistance Equipotential bus & Earthing Conductor 63.1.A copper bus bar of size 300mm x 25mm x 6mm to be installed in the ‘equipment room as equipotential bus and must be connected with preferably copper strip of 25mm x 3mm (suitable length) from instrument to the bus bar ‘The connecting terminal of the earth electrode to the bus bar must be connected by copper strip of 25mm x 3mm (suitable length) buried inside a trench of 300mm width x 600mm depth (from the earth pit to the nearest wall) It shall be duplicated. However, it shall be ensured that only minimum required length is used and any extra length is cut away to keep the earth impedance minimum. 6.3.2.1t shall be high conductivity copper having electrical conductivity of 101% IACS i.e. minimum 99.9% copper content The maximum specific resistance of the copper strip earthing conductor shall be 17.241 x 10-7 ohm em at 20°C. 633.Ata temperature of 20°C, its density shall be 8.89 gm/cm3 6.3.4.lts surface shall be clean and free from any visible oxide layer or foreign ‘materials 6.35.1t shall preferably be connected to earth electrode and earth bus bar with the help of exothermic welding or at least two number stainless steel nut bolts of appropriate size. 63.6.Normally a single length of copper strip shall be used for each duplicate copper strip earthing conductor and no joint should be used. However in situation 110requiring greater length one joint in each copper strip shall be permitted. The joints shall be made by exothermic welding of at least 10mm overlapping portion of the strips, Construction of unit earth. ‘Make Sft x 5ft x 10ft earth pit. If itis not possible to make such a pit due to non. availability of clear space at locations like ATM, High mast lighting tower, Passenger information systems, PRS etc. or in rocky soil, min. 300 mm bore up 40 10 ft deep can be made using earth auger or any other method. Earth pit larger than specified size can be made, if required. Sleeve the soil digged and remove the gravels and stones. If soil quality is good (without Murum and rocks) then add some quantity of earth enhancement material in the soil for using as backfill. If the soil seems unusable (containing large quantity of gravel, stones, murum, sad etc.) then replace the soil with black cotton soil Insert the electrode at the centre of the earth pit and arrange to keep it vertical in the pit. Arrange for adequate quantity of water supply for the earth pit. (Approx. 600 litres) vi) Fill the pit with the backfill and keep on adding the earth enhancement material surrounding the electrode and simultaneously watering, the pit, ‘+ With a steel bar or pipe, keep on poking the soil gel and stirring intermittently for removing the air pockets and proper settlement of the pit. The procedure to be repeated till completion of the filling of the earth pit along with the packing material and sufficient watering adequate ramming. ‘The pit should be very compactly rammed and watering for 2-3 days and addition of soil if required be done. + Make trench of 600 mm (depth) x 300 mm (wide) from the earth pit to the nearest point of connection. Construct inspection chamber with cover for the installation. ‘Measure the earth resistance as per IS 3043:1987 code of practice. Earth resistance value shall be less than 1 ohm in non-rocky /non-sandy surface by single electrode Installation and in rocky surface by multiple electrode installation (not more than three electrodes & its individual earth pits). For earthing purpose, if solid rocky layer is found within 10 feet from ground level while digging the earth pit then it is considered rocky surface. Coastal area, silt soil, red sandy soil and sandy clay are considered as sandy surface, ‘+ Ifrequired resistance is lower than the resistance of single earth electrode then multiple earths can be constructed and interconnected, 6.3.7. Construction of ring earth by providing multiple earth pits, ‘© Wherever it is not possible to achieve required earth resistance with one earth electrode/pit due to difficult/ rocky soil conditions, provision of ring earth consisting of more than one earth pit shall be done. The number of pits required shall be decided based on the resistance achieved for the earth pits already installed. The procedure mentioned above for one earth pit shall be repeated for other earth pits. un‘+ The distance between two successive earth electrodes shall be min. 3mtrs / length of electrode which ever is higher. and max. up to twice the length of the earth electrode, + These earth pits shall then be inter linked using 25X3 mm copper strip to form a loop preferably using exothermic welding or with the help of at least two number of stainless steel nut bolts of appropriate size, ‘© The interconnecting strip shall be buried no less than 600mm (0.6m) below the ground level. This interconnecting strip shall also be covered with earth enhancing compound, 6.3.8.Inspection chamber + A.300X300X300 mm (inside dimension) concrete box (wall thickness min, 50 mm)with smooth cement plaster finish shall be provided on the top of the pit. A concrete lid 25 to 50 mm. thick, with pulling hooks, painted black shall be provided to cover the earth pit. PVC sleeve of appropriate size shall be provided in concrete wall to take out earthing connections, + The masonry work shall be white washed inside and outside, = Care shall be taken regarding level of the floor surrounding the earth so that the connector is not too deep in the masonry or projecting out of it. ‘+ Ombackside of the cover, date of the testing and average resistance value shall be written with yellow paint on black background. Marking: ‘The marking shall be clear, distinct and visible to the naked eye froma distance of about 1 meter; the size of marking shall be of minimum 25 mm, Following information shall be legibly and indelibly marked on the packed sets: a) Specification no. ») Name of the manufacturer ©) Batch no. & Date of manufacturer 4) Current carrying capacity . Tests: Following tests shall be done on one sample- 8.1, Testing of copper coating shall be done as described below: ‘+The copper coating mentioned in clause 8.1 shall not be less than the prescribed thickness at any point and shall comply with the adherence requirement in para (ii) & (ii) below. + Length of the electrode with one end cut to a 45 degree point shall be driven between two steel clamping plates or the jaws of a vise set 0.04 in (1.02 mm) less than the diameter of the electrode, so as to shear off sufficient metal to ‘expose the bond between the copper coating and electrode. Peeling of the coating by the steel plates or the jaws of the vise is acceptable, but there shall be no other evidence of separation of the coating from the metal core, ‘+ Atroom temperature, a length of the electrode is rigidly held in a clamp or vise and the free end is bent by applying a force normal to the electrode at a distance from the clamping device equal to 40 times the diameter. The magnitude of the force and the direction of application of force shall be such that the electrode is permanently bent through a 30-degree angle. While bending of the electrode ‘there shall be no evidence of cracking of the copper coating, 1210, 8.2. Material composition of rod shall be tested as per standards mentioned in clause no. 81.1.1. 8.3. MS pipes shall be tested as per 1S:1239. 84, Copper bus bars of shall be tested for percentage of copper as per IS:14644, 85. Current carrying capacity test on rod electrode shall be done as per clause no. 8.1.1.3 and for concentric pipe electrode as per 8.1.2.7. 86. Corrosion Test :As per IS:2119, salt spray test for analysis of effect of corrosion for the specific electrode shall be done through NABL approved testing lab, preferably for 500 hrs. or more. 8,7. Bxothermic weld material shall be tested as per provisions of IEEE 837. 88. Electrical properties test on conductive mixture as per clause no. 8.1.2.3. 8.9. Physical, chemical & electrical properties test on earth enhancement material as per clause no. 8.2. 8110, Toxic content tests for cadmium, lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) &polybrominateddipheny! ethers (PBDEs) on conductive mixture & earth enhancement material 8a, Certificates from NABL approved laboratories shall be submitted with test results of above tests. Test certificates shall not be more than three years old. 8.12, For dimension, weight and specific resistance average of 3 readings shall be taken, Average value shall be within specified limits and individual values shall not go beyond double of tolerances 1. Acceptance Tests 9.1, Following shall constitute acceptance tests and shall be done on 100% sample basis forall the tests mentioned below except where otherwise indicated + a) Physical check for earth electrode as per clause no. 8.1.1.1 for rod type electrode and as per clause no. 8.1.2.7 for concenttic pipe type electrode. +b) Physical check for copper bus bar as per clause no. 8.1.1.2 for rod type lectrode and as per clause no. 8.1.2.6 for concentric pipe type electrode. ‘+ ©) Dimensional and construction feature tests of inspection chamber (CI. no. 842) 4) Earth enhancement material as per clause no. 8.2(xviii) & 8.2(xix), + ¢) Earth resistance measurements as per clause no. 7.0. 9.2. Rejection: In case the any component tested and inspected in accordance with this specification, fil to pass the tests or comply with the requirement of the specification, another two component from the same lot shall be inspected in accordance with the specification and if one of them also fail to pass the test, the whole lot of that component shall be rejected subject to the discretion of the purchaser or his nominee. Inspection: All the gauges/ test & measuring instruments shall be under calibration control at the time of inspection and proof to this office shall be produced. Inspection and testing shall be carried out by the inspecting authority nominated by the purchaser to ensure that all the requirements of this specification are complied with for the acceptance of the materials offered by the supplier for inspection. ‘The purchaser or his nominee shall have right of free access to the works of the manufacturer and to be present at all reasonable times and shall be given facilities by the manufacturer to inspect the manufacturing process at any stage of manufacture. He shall 113nn. 2. 2B. have the right to reject whole or part of any work or material that does not conform to the terms of this specification or any other specification or requirement applicable and may order the same to be removed / replaced or altered at the expense of the ‘manufacturer, All reasonable/ complete facilities considered necessary by the inspecting, authorities for the inspection shall be supplied by the manufacturer free of cost ‘The manufacturer shall at his own cost prepare and furnish the necessary test pieces and appliances for such testing as may be carried out at his own premises in accordance with the specification. Failing the existence of facilities at his own premises for the prescribed tests, the manufacturer shall bear the cost of carrying out the tests in an approved laboratory, workshop or test house. Completion Report & Certification: TL. 13.1 The last documents for the completion of the procedure will be submission of the work completion report to the concern Railway authority. After testing the earth values of the pits and proper recording in presence of Railway authority, certified grounding self-adhesive certificate shall be provided for all installations and the same will be displayed / pasted at the place of installation. 112. 132°The complete layout with dimensions of the earthing & bonding system. shall be submitted by the supplier in appropriate size (in three copies) after commissioning showing commissioning date, earth resistance, specification no. and ‘manufacturer's name. Infringement Of Patent Rights: Indian railways shall not be responsible for infringement of patent rights arising due to similarity in design, manufacturing process, use of the components, used in design, development and manufacturing of escalator and any other factor which may cause such dispute. The responsibility to settle any issue lies with the manufacturer. Funnel Type Farthing, 13.4, Scope: 132. Plate Earthing 13.2.1. Supply and erecting of funnel type earthing having earth plate of following, size buried in specifically prepared earth pit 3.00 meter below ground with 40 kg charcoal and salt with alternate layer of charcoal and salt, 20 mm diameter Gl pipe with funnel with a wire 133, Material Specification & Workmanship 183.1. The earthing system complete in all respect with all equipment, fittings and accessories for efficient and trouble-free operation. The material to be supplied by the contractor and work to be carried out by the contractor shall bbe in general, but not limited to, conforming to the specification laid down for each item, 13.4, Codes & standards 13.4.1. The design, material, assembling, inspection and testing shall comply with all, currently applicable statutes, regulations and safety codes in the locality where the system will be installed. The equipment shall also confirm to the latest applicable standards and codes of practice as mentioned below a4Se Tem Relevant 152309 1. | Code of practice for earthing, beri30 2_| insulation co-ordination application guide IS 3716 3 | Code of practice for protection of buildings and allied structures against | IS 3043 lightning BS 6651 IEEE guide for safety in AC sub-station grounding IEEE 80 Standard for qualifying permanent connections used in TEE Substation grounding. 837 [Indian electricity rules, 1956with latest amendments 5_[ Indian electricity act, 1910 6 | National electrical code Wherever, reference to any specification appears in this document, ie cals Taken as a reference to the latest version of that specification unless the year of issue of the specification is specifically stated. 135. Materials required 135.1. All required hardware such as bolts, nuts, washers (round and spring type), anchor fasteners, screws, ete. Of sizes and type as required shall be conforming to relevant is. All hardware shall be hot-dip galvanized or zine passivized /cadmium plated as per requirement of work either mechanical fabrication or electrical jointing 1352. Allother items required for installation shall be as approved by engineer in- charge. 13.6. Workmanship 13.6.1. Following activities shall be carried out for the earthing station 13.6.2. Excavation in hard murrum, 13.63. Laying Watering pipe. 13.6.4. Brick masonry with cast iron frame and hinged covers. 13.65. Charcoal and Salt fill. 13.6.6. Earth station should be 1 meter away from building. 13.67. Keep minimum 3 meter distance between two earth pits. 13.68. The pit should be minimum 4 meter deep. 13.6.9. The earth resistance should not exceed 1 ohm. 13.6.10.All earth pits of same category shall be interlinked with strip. 13.6.11 Separate earthing for the Audio-Video device to be provided as required 137. INSTALLATION OF SYSTEM 137.1. The plate/ pipe electrode, as far as practicable, shall be buried below permanent moisture level but in no case less than 3 M below finished ground level 1s,13.7.2. The plate/ pipe electrode shall be kept clear of the building foundation and in ro case, it shall be nearer by less than 2M from outer face of the respective building wall / column 137.3. The plate electrode shall be installed vertically and shall be surrounded with 150 mm. thick layers of Charcoal dust and Salt mixture 13,74, 20 mm. dia. G.L. pipe for watering, shall run from top edge of the plate / pipe electrode to the mid level of block masonry chamber 13.75. Top of the pipe shall be provided with G.l funnel and sereen for watering the earth / ground through the pipe 137.6. The funnel with screen over the Gil. pipe for watering to the earth shall be ‘housed in a block masonry chamber as shown in the drawing 13.7.7. The masonry chamber shall be provided with a Cast Iron hinged cover resting over the Cast Iron frame which shall be embedded in the block masonry 13.78. Construction of the earthing station shall in general be as shown in the drawing and shall conform to the requirement on earth electrodes mentioned in the latest edition of Indian Standard IS: 3043, Code of Practice for Farthing, Installation 13.7.9. The earth conductors (Strips / Wires, Hot dip Gl. / copper) inside the building shall properly be clamped / supported on the wall with Galvanized Iron clamps and Hot Dip Gl serews / bolts. The conductors outside the building shall be laid at least 600 mm. below the finished ground level, 13,7.10:The earth conductors shall cither terminate on earthing socket provided on the equipment or shall be fastened to the foundation bolt and / or on frames of the equipment. The earthing connection to equipment body shall be done after removing paint and other oily substances from the body and then properly be finished 1.7.11 Over lapping of earth conductors during straight through in joints, where equired, shall be of minimum 75mm. long and bitumen coated 13,7:12.The earth conductors shall be in one length between the earthing grid and the equipment to be earthed 137.13. Minimum distance of 2 meter shall be maintained between other electric conductor, earthing conductor and the conductor laid for the lightning protection system. Farthing and lightning protection system conductors shall be bonded to each other to prevent side flashover in case of non-availability of adequate clearance 13,7.14.The earthing met conductors, risers, earthing cables, ete. passing through ‘walls shall be covered with galvanized iron sleeves for the passage through wall. Water stop sleeves shall also be provided wherever the earthing conductor enters the building from outside BS. INSPECTION AND TESTING 138.1. ‘The following earth resistance values shall be measured with an approved earth megger and recorded, 13.8.2. Each earthing station 13.83. Farthing system as a whole 13.84. Earth continuity conductors 13.85. Earth conductor resistance for each earthed equipment shall be measured which shall not exceed 1 ohm in each case. In case of more earth resistance, 1sthe Contractor shall have to carry out necessary modification in the system without any cost implication to the Client 13.8.6. Measurements of earth resistance shall be carried out before earth connections are made between the earth and the object to be earthed 13.8.7. All tests shall be carried out in presence of the consultant / client and report 139. should be submitted in two sets Size of GI Earth-strip for earthing shall be generally under: 13.9.1. HT Switch-yard/Earthing station: 50 x 6 mm Gl strip 139.2. Switch-boards up to 800 Amps: 40 x 6 mm GI strip 13.9.3. Other switch-boards and motors including 50HP and above: 32 x 6 mm GI strip 13.9.4. Motors less than 50HP up to and including 20HP: 32 x 3 mm GI strip 13.9.5. Motors less than 20HP: 25 x3 mm GI strip, 13.9.6. PSDB’sLS.DB's: 10 SWG GI Wire 13.97. Transformer Neutral: Copper strip Size as per transformer rating 13.9.8. Metering C.1's / P.1's, L.A’s & TVM Box: (double earthing): 25mmx5 mm copper 13.9.9. Lighting Conductor System: 32 x 6 mm Gl strip 13.10. Mode of Measurement 13.10.1.Provision of earthing station complete with excavation, plate, earth lead up to chamber, earth link in the chamber, electrode, GI watering pipe, Salt, Charcoal, soil treatment to achieve the earth resistance less than 4 ohm, masonry chamber with cast iron cover etc. shall be treated as one unit of measurement, 13,10.2.The following items of work shall be measured and paid per unit length covering the cost of the earth wires/strips, clamps, labor etc. main equipment earthing grid and connection to the earthing stations, connection to the power panels, DB etc. 1.10.3. The cost of earthing the following items shall become part of the cost of the item itself and no separate payment for earthing shall be made. 1.10.4. Light fittings - form part of installation of the light fitting, conduit wiring, cabling - should form part of the wiring or cabling. Street lighting - should form part of the street light poles, 14, Lightning Protection System 144, 142. Lightning protection shall be provided for the equipment, structures and. buildings which are higher than 20 meters or as per the risk index analysis worked out as per IS - 2309, Self-conducting structures do not require lightning protection with aerial rod and down conductors. They shall be connected to the earthing system at two points of the base. An independent earthing network shall be provided for lightning protection and this shall be bonded with the main earthing network below ground, minimum at two points. Each lightning arrestor shall be connected to a separate copper plate earthing located as close as possible to it and within the fenced area of each set of arrestors. The Two numbers earthing for each set of arrestors shall be spaced about 5 meters apart so that they are all within the enclosing fence. Each of these earthing shall be interconnected. 7143. The shield wire shall be connected with main grid solidly and not through supporting steel structures. 144. All paint, scale and enamel shall be removed from the contact surface before the earthing connections are made. 15. Discharge counters 15.1, Discharge counters shall be provided for the Arrestors The discharge counter shall be provided with milli-ammeter for measuring the leakage current and. shall not require any DC or AC Aux. Supply. It shall be suitable for outdoor use. ‘The installation of discharge counter shall not adversely affect the Arrestor performance. 152. The discharge counter shall register operation whenever lightning or any other type of surge strikes the Surge Arrestor. 153. All necessary accessories and earthing connection leads between the bottom of the Arrestor and the discharge counter shall be in the Bidder’s scope of supply. The connecting lead between discharge counter and Surge Arrestor shall be cofcopper flexible tape of size 25x4 mm and minimum of 1.5 meter length. The discharge counter shall be so designed that the readings of discharges recorded by the counter and the readings of milli-ammeter shall be clearly visible through an inspection window to a person standing on ground. The minimum height of Purchaser's support shall be 2.5 Mts. Terminal connector conforming to IS: 556ishall be supplied along with the arrester. 15.4, Each Counter shall have terminals of robust construction for connection to Earthing lead and these shall be suitably arranged so as to enable the incoming, and outgoing connections to be made with minimum bends. 155. Suitable grounding terminal shall be provided for earthing of arrestors up to ‘water level. Proper functioning of the counter with Arrestor shall be ensured by the Supplier. 156, TECHNICAL AND GUARANTEED PARTICULARS FOR LIGHTNING ARRESTORS T._[ Name of the manufacturer 2. | Country of origin 3,_| Standard specification on which performance is based, 4__| Manufacturer's type designation 5._| Rated voltage (rms) KV 6._| Continuous operating voltage KV 7._| Reference voltage KV 8._| Watt-loss at continuous operating voltage Watt/ KV 9,_| Watt-loss at rate voltage Watt/ KV 10, | Leakage current at COV, MA 1, [Leakage current at rated voltage MA’ us12,[ Nominal discharge current (8/20 micro second wave) KA 13, | Reference current A 14] Max. residual voltage for 8/20 micro second discharge current a) _at05 times nominal discharge current KV(Peak) b)_atnominal discharge current KV(Peak) ¢)_at twice the nominal discharge current KV(Peak) 15; | Max. switching surge protective with front level voltage at 500 | KVP Amp. 16. | Steep/current impulse residual voltage test with I micro second | KVP. front time current wave of 10 KA Peak 17_| High current impulse withstand (4/10 micro second wave) KAP, 78. Long duration current impulse rating: a) Peak current A D) Virtual duration of peak Micro second, ©) _Line discharge class of arrestor 19, Power frequency voltage withstand of arrestor insulation(rms) a) dry KV b)_wet KV 20, | Total creepage distance mun 21. | Lightning impulse withstand voltage of arrester KVP, 22. | Type of non-linear resistor disc. Size (dia, height) Dia mm height mm KV 23, No, of nonlinear discs, Per seclion of arrester Ne. 24, | No. of sections in one arrester Ne. 25, | Material of retainer use inside lightning arrester bakelite, ceramic, rubber or other material, 26; | Is pressure relief device provided, so, its dass? 27, | Overall dimensions: a) Height mm b)_Diameter mm 28 | Net weight KE. 29, | Cantilever strength Kem 30, Are the live and earth ends of arrester suitable for jumper/fats as specified? 31, Any other technical data 32. Temporary power frequency over vollage withstand capability for arresters: For 0.1 second For 1.0 second For 10,00 seconds For 100,00 seconds 19Farthing Schedule Earthing Schedule 8. ‘t No. Item Description GI Copper) Unit T_| Rarthing & Lightning Protexction Body Farthing of Transformer 2 Nos ~ Neutral Earthing of Transformer 2 [Nos Body Earthing of HT Breaker 2 | Nos ~Body Earthing of DG Set 2 Nos, = Neutral Farthing of DG Set 2 Nos Body Farthing of AMF Panel 2 Nos! [7 = Body Farthing of PMCC Pane 2 Nos THVAC Panel Earthing 2 Nos HVAC Equipment Earihing, 2 Nos. Fire Hydrent Panel & Pumps 2 Nos, = Clean Farthign For IT & Sound Fquipment 2 | Nos 7 Lighting Arrestor a | Nos 7 Glean earth for 150 EVA DG Set a | Nos 7 Glean earth for SVRVA DG Set (I Nos) a | Nes Spare Earth Pie 2 2 | Nos I Safe earth Electrode 76 ‘Copper Plate Farthing 19 120