This document discusses the impact of jets on various types of vanes and blades. It analyzes the force exerted by jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, curved, and hinged plates. Formulas are provided for calculating the force based on parameters like jet velocity, plate velocity, angle of impact, fluid density and flow rate. Example problems are given involving calculation of force, power, and efficiency for jets impinging on curved plates and series of radial curved vanes on a water turbine.
This document discusses the impact of jets on various types of vanes and blades. It analyzes the force exerted by jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, curved, and hinged plates. Formulas are provided for calculating the force based on parameters like jet velocity, plate velocity, angle of impact, fluid density and flow rate. Example problems are given involving calculation of force, power, and efficiency for jets impinging on curved plates and series of radial curved vanes on a water turbine.
This document discusses the impact of jets on various types of vanes and blades. It analyzes the force exerted by jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, curved, and hinged plates. Formulas are provided for calculating the force based on parameters like jet velocity, plate velocity, angle of impact, fluid density and flow rate. Example problems are given involving calculation of force, power, and efficiency for jets impinging on curved plates and series of radial curved vanes on a water turbine.
This document discusses the impact of jets on various types of vanes and blades. It analyzes the force exerted by jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined, curved, and hinged plates. Formulas are provided for calculating the force based on parameters like jet velocity, plate velocity, angle of impact, fluid density and flow rate. Example problems are given involving calculation of force, power, and efficiency for jets impinging on curved plates and series of radial curved vanes on a water turbine.
Analyze the force exerted on different types of vanes and
blades
MODULE nO-03 IMPACT OF JET Introduction Jet refers to a stream of fluid emerging from a nozzle
The force is exerted by jet on solid body
which is obtained from the Newton’s second law of motion or impulse- momentum principle. According to impulse-momentum principle, state of rest or uniform motion of a body changes in the direction of an externally applied force, and that the magnitude of the force equals to the rate of change of momentum Introduction
For constant mass dm = 0. change in
momentum may occurs due to a change in the magnitude of velocity or in its direction or due to both. According to Newton's third law of motion, action and reaction are equal and opposite, therefore, the force exerted by fluid on the body is F = (ρQ) (V1 – V2) = (ρaV) (V1 – V2) Force exerted by the jet on a plate Impact of Jets The jet is a stream of liquid comes out from nozzle with a high velocity under constant pressure. When the jet impinges on plates or vanes, its momentum is changed and a hydrodynamic force is exerted. Vane is a flat or curved plate fixed to the rim of the wheel 1. Force exerted by the jet on a stationary plate a) Plate is vertical to the jet b) Plate is inclined to the jet c) Plate is curved 2. Force exerted by the jet on a moving plate a) Plate is vertical to the jet b) Plate is inclined to the jet c) Plate is curved Force exerted by the jet on a stationary Flat Plate Plate is vertical to the jet Force exerted by the jet on a stationary Inclined Flat Plate
Plate is Inclined to the jet
Force exerted by the jet on a stationary Curved Plate Plate is Curved and jet impinges at Centre Force exerted by the jet on a stationary Curved Plate Tangentially (Symmetrical)
Plate is Curved and jet impinges at one end tangentially
Force exerted by the jet on a stationary Curved Plate tangentially (Unsymmetrical)
Plate is Curved and jet impinges at One end and plate is unsymmetrical Force exerted by the jet on a moving vertical Plate Plate is moving in the direction of jet at “u” Velocity Force exerted by the jet on a moving Inclined Plate Plate is moving in the direction of jet at “u” Velocity Force exerted by the jet on a moving Curved Plate Plate is moving in the direction of jet at “u” Velocity and jet impinges at centre Force exerted by the jet on a moving Curved Plate Plate is moving in the horizontal direction at “u” Velocity and jet impinges at one end tangentially Force exerted by the jet on a moving Curved Plate Plate is moving in the horizontal direction at “u” Velocity and jet impinges at one end tangentially Force exerted by the jet on a moving Curved Plate Plate is moving in the horizontal direction at “u” Velocity and jet impinges at one end tangentially Force exerted by the jet on a moving Curved Plate Plate is moving in the horizontal direction at “u” Velocity and jet impinges at one end tangentially Force exerted by the jet on a moving plate Considering Relative Velocity,
If β < 900
OR Fx = ρaVr1 (VW1 + VW2) Force exerted by the jet on a moving plate Considering Relative Velocity,
If β = 900 Fx = ρaVr1 (Vr1 cos θ – Vr2 cos ∅) OR Fx = ρaVr1 (VW1) Force exerted by the jet on a moving plate Considering Relative Velocity,
If β > 900 Fx = ρaVr1 (Vr1 cos θ – Vr2 cos ∅) OR Fx = ρaVr1 (VW1 – VW2) Force exerted by the jet on a Hinged Plate Force exerted by the jet on a hinged plate Force exerted by the jet on a SERIES of Vanes Impact of jet on a series of flat vanes mounted radially on the periphery of a circular wheel Force exerted by the jet on a SERIES of Vanes Impact of jet on a series of flat vanes mounted radially on the periphery of a circular wheel Force Exerted by Jet on Series of Radial Curved Vanes If β < 900 Force Exerted by Jet on Series of Radial Curved Vanes
If β = 900 Force Exerted by Jet on Series of Radial Curved Vanes If β > 900 JET PROPULSION The driving forward of a body by means of jet of gas or fluid. The reaction of high velocity jet issuing from the nozzle provides the necessary thrust.
Is employed in propelling the
ships, aircrafts and missiles.
Used for flights, to hydraulic
jet propulsion for high speed boats and pleasure craft. Principle Of JET Propulsion Works on principle of Newton’s third law of motion. The reaction of jet coming out at the back of the ship propels the ship in the opposite direction of jet.
The water from the
surrounding sea by the centrifugal pump is taken by two ways. Principle Of JET Propulsion 1. Inlet orifices which are at right angle to the direction of motion of ship. (AMID Ship) 2. The inlet orifices which are facing the direction of motion of ship. Amid Ship NON Amid Ship Problems: Problems: 1. A jet of water of diameter 75 mm strikes a curved plate at its centre with a velocity of 25 m/s. The curved plate is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s along the direction of jet. If the jet gets deflected through 1650 in the smooth vane, compute. a) Force exerted by the jet. b) Power of jet. c) Efficiency of jet.
2. A jet of water impinges a curved plate with a velocity of 20 m/s making an angle of 200 with the direction of motion of vane at inlet and leaves at 1300 to the direction of motion at outlet. The vane is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. Compute. i) Vane angles, so that water enters and leaves without shock. ii) Work done per unit mass flow rate Problems: Problems: 1. A jet of water 50 mm diameter strikes a flat plate held normal to the direction of jet. Estimate the force exerted by the jet if a. The plate is stationary b. The plate is moving with a velocity of 1 m/s away from the jet along the line of jet. The discharge through the nozzle is 76 liter per sec.
2. A 75 mm diameter jet having a velocity of 12 m/s impinges a smooth flat plate, the normal of which is inclined at 600 to the axis of jet. Find the impact of jet on the plate at right angles to the plate when the plate is stationery. a. What will be the impact if the plate moves with a velocity of 6 m/s in the direction of jet and away from it. b. What will be the force if the plate moves towards the Jet. Problems: 1. A jet of water of diameter 20mm strikes a 200mm X 200mm square plate of uniform thickness with a velocity of 10 m/s at the centre of the plate which is suspended Vertically by a hinge on its top horizontal edge. The weight of the plate is 98N. The jet strikes normal to the plate. (i) What force must be applied at the lower edge of the plate so that plate is kept vertical? (ii) If the plate is allowed to deflect freely, what will be the inclination of the plate with vertical due to the force exerted by jet water. Problems: 1. A jet of water having a velocity of 35 m/s strikes a series of radial curved vanes mounted on a wheel. The wheel has 200 rpm. The jet makes 200 with the tangent to wheel at inlet and leaves the wheel with a velocity of 5 m/s at 1300 to tangent to the wheel at outlet. The diameters of wheel are 1 m and 0.5 m. Find i) Vane angles at inlet and outlet for radially outward flow turbine. ii) Work done iii) Efficiency of the system ??? Any Questions ???
