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Ctrl+Shift+Enter Mastering Excel Array Formula

This document provides information about a book titled "Mastering Excel Array Formulas" by Mike Girvin. It includes details about the author, publisher, copyright information and acknowledgements. The summary acknowledges contributions from experts on the MrExcel message board who helped the author learn advanced formulas and array formulas. It is dedicated to the author's family and thanks many people who have helped with his Excel learning over the years.

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Asad Mehmood
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
899 views289 pages

Ctrl+Shift+Enter Mastering Excel Array Formula

This document provides information about a book titled "Mastering Excel Array Formulas" by Mike Girvin. It includes details about the author, publisher, copyright information and acknowledgements. The summary acknowledges contributions from experts on the MrExcel message board who helped the author learn advanced formulas and array formulas. It is dedicated to the author's family and thanks many people who have helped with his Excel learning over the years.

Uploaded by

Asad Mehmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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