[go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd
Upload
83 views28 pages

Farthing 2016, Methods of Data Generation

Uploaded by

Anastasiia Sin'kova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
83 views28 pages

Farthing 2016, Methods of Data Generation

Uploaded by

Anastasiia Sin'kova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28
m Fessrch Ds in Ubon Ping Mase, (1996) Qnaltatie Recarcing. Lond: Sas Michell 1, (1983 ane and Seaton Analys Sologica Review 34 (2) can aso, and Tile, (1997) Reale Ertuston. London: Sage Ryd. (2007) "Re-Esaminng the Role of Koowldge With Maing “Teor Plaine Theory 52-48 Sendereoc, L (1998) Tears Conmopoits Planing for Mud Cie. "Chichen Wie, Underwood, J 1980) Towa Paes i Search of a Role 4 Prtipant ‘Observation Study of cal Panes In London Borns, Occ Taper No. Bel. Schl for Adve Urban Sede aso, V. (2002) ‘Do We Lear From Pract: The Conbaron of the Practice Movant to Poning Theor’ owra of Plaming Econ ond Research 22 97. ‘Wan, 2013) “Conflicting Rationale: Impcatons for Plnning Theory sod Etc, Pomsing They and Pace 439840 Wood, 200)" Appeal Dats Character Loa Plning Author’, Ta Pmng Rei 71: 97-107 “ia EK. (2008) ase Sy Resear Design and Mtode Lando Sage ‘Youn Keand Mil (1981) Public Poly Revrchs A Review of Ouattie ‘Metods, Bis Soo fe Advanced Usha Sie, 7 METHODS OF DATA GENERATION IN RESEARCH — Key questions Key concepts Incrvews, Quest Ofc! saves wires, Etmnograply, Obseration, Document Overview “The previous two chapters wee based on tea ideo nyt parse on th hc you might be ered in rental at sources that i he ‘hich you mighe erat ane mf dasha, $oure metho th teva eign procs Reve Scots i th nce on Hnowlps in pling Kas ong va broaden ihe ang Of methods ht reaches a Rewer Design in Ubon Haming ‘might use — an * r sesecia ‘nisoloy of mic’ for sani ene 19) ing heen thera ghana actos of 2 nd ane eho af vaso Se fh ‘Gh! ie ado meds af wre whch ae sen 3 thar imal ina situation to describe the nature of thet xP Suton thr wm wordy ooh oe mae 7 ‘Tose ony sans man tc a he poi ‘in Chapter 2). sean eran ES a “a nip he nt {festnatods. ios whar mete are yale? Second why 83 cece Sr nS ‘this stag eo To not think’ that it is parsscularly Spas meen en al Sete henner ele neriews and questionnaires, obrvation and hoe P 8 a, Siete hearers gaa ee = fart? acount when thinking about which methods carrera for your reach then examines why you ht tare “ a a issues in the choice of methods TRS fn simple anewe othe ques in SRR A ete ee ‘how ty Seemed pe eh thd ot ie Sen ofr whasised the impor we tho fd search This applies equal #0 at nts peeraton| 7 Date . oe pose of your research AE 20" ht a ‘which litte is known, Wit Te git makes few prior assumptions 2° qatt scribe a situation in some detail Wit! ie ‘tion ee account for some Fathi dhe = is about 4 factor invalved or © 3 Vide st comes a8 © Of he action aken by planers! C8 od Meets tpn ga maton crore teh aang cmon eon hn sel ei dc of Dts Gaertn a Resor Pere 7 tmnce en be Coes Heo of On ie a inereted pace or renome impact onthe anne) pubic ict nm ee he ie am sof nls you a en yo mY ro ett conduc esearch, et eat thumb et ame ain bea Ta mee rine Pur det ne ng about ced hour he dvon ofthe ine salable Of he ime ob deve to PB third othe eto com Anais and wring en most 2 nd of the cime Med ne aaa —— . earch Design in Ubon Porn foc dats pean xh ania (ete ‘Tere ae monetary coms associated wit ll Teeth ling vel epee so cont fe ews the cont of dispatching and paying forthe ‘HE Te {tennis Badges wll ao lini he umber of cases tat ‘Mresigted as well asthe dept wo which a cas can Be Hes shee eased tenth tora cnr gt ed Finally, there are the assumptions essa fais ie ure i's par wy oe Chapter 2 trees superior tothe alternatives. AUG Jat at theories (or asumpeons)~ sometines SS decribed as mthodalogmal theories = abO¥ nthe way that research scondocted, inline PI sa i ea rasan itor mc meri Raia iene oo re observing what we thi acs aiken wt et we aon 8 riba pal he rrp ae Sean ata a Cenc as bay re ie Sa ae ge yet Gee i ecu pe 4 stay Sant ey ey fined wo he sore “occurring Search process, We need to study people e how Jha deed of he “esearch Ps an A mtn ed gd octamer C—O ads ofa Ganerton in Resor The aim ber is encourage the necro minnie 0 At eS Sy stow iirc me eo a emraon tolled by thinking about the ‘ise ses igh be minimised ee eon "hab nthe search proses em ein Caer "as pact ean Be Interviews and questionnaires sys an 2 What are interviews and questionnaireS: ae ‘very familiar 80 plan- un is, behav: = rsa deice 10 aR am acs of SHEN Oe vat the er fven in the pn the ane ace econ dod they re ced by the Pan cr Bare ee er inthe teratare br th respondent. There 01. OTE ferent characteristics and it mish BBO 5 f methods A mumber of dimension Use Figure 72, 128 Few ra The wth ara inn ct oe the vere bas ve te me 0 6 cond te oct ode a eit roses pede a eee Ki earch Design in Utbor Hating red the interview the Oe Virion nh Types of Rech wrt enue structured interviews ete hee hcl in terms of he dm, iw hah atone end sah mare dnt erctre relates tothe de © ‘topic andthe pie question pie fender he een al thee feedom the inervi=w yt of “ye merce iat =, te hs eon or varie fra mame ease for yoo ase intervie ‘nd reliable informacion: wih esdents ofthe oar nebo Ha 2001} areexample of 00 nerviews 9 on 3 ro need ae e ‘ine “Si —— Eee” thd of Dat Gaeraion in azorch v9 sci and they debe she method Siler te be cn eon Here he vee so seer te ate ry ne the pc teponent he Sei ue gen Tl ce wl eed wer owl a et {emer aprca apne. “auesionnare’ is probably best ve soesiomnns Sede he asus oon ae come ‘than the interviewer (asin 2 postal SOMME 4 grerviews Bosse Your erature review sugested at Tt eter opernd th ao tn ext on ee me pci oe 2 a me cn ae ae Far Haren OH erate kWh are sake in he une ‘major questions which are of interest Srl te een : ae bore fe ac er he on rede ar 2 eran Sel rsa ng etl cane et cee ea el and at hath ayn cea eines x bythe eto el 130 Feserch Onin n Ubon Pong “meaning” with what iin he mind ofthe penton who rhe riot of the inerview oe Gorm, 200) Soave resekhrs fe uctivedintevicw s bing sproprins fc some ‘types of quetons, bt not otters. Question cn he life 3 seeking ty find oat wha people know, what hey do and what they thik andr fel “This lads tn questions concerned’ with Tact, with behaviour, and wth lls ates (Robson 2008: 272) epee. Arktson nd Kiron (2001) resid thei questions othe respondents ery lel face (wha thei tenure of housing was whether hey owned scars wheter they ‘tere employed wh ele ved with thes ether ey had ends nd a iy nnn the sume neighbourhood} and a hehaiou whether they had lk tht neighbour during te rei weckdsy, and what they were boing when they dd) but noe to ats They sage tha he fae "on fo esting the gusto they asked andthe dat they band was thar they were considered sual for a quanttve approach i sont tome of he more atin outcomes which woul be eter tackled by ‘gave oe ethnographic methods” (2001: 2283-4). By “guaeative Spyro in ths comeat we can rend stractred interviews. ital as We ‘nin Chapter 3, Burges tl 1988: 436) lied that qustonnaies or Strctred teres were ‘widely acknowledged to bea adequate mech ‘ibm fo revealing values and anton wit uaative meted ate ‘mote witbl for exploring attudes an values about open space cause ‘ch approaches are rou nth context of poop alles Rares, 1984 Caner and Sra, 196) However more stucred types of inerviwing ave besn eto meat ‘ce tiesto own ad country planing In England (McCarthy and “Herzo, 1995} and have hoe act stay the sity of i nee ‘banal body of reach by pachologits 4 hes has ben condected ‘sing ste methods and atin sales, ad standard texte on Fesetch methods, sch at Robson (2002), advowate thse methods Depth vs. breach interviews Another dimension on which interviews as a rsatch method ate sen 49 ieee inthe dec with which oie is ivestiated daring the couse of ‘an imerview. This linked tothe diference beeen estar and ‘structured (often called quale servis) which ae sen epi explore a opi rene dee ht ving nerves with fone cases nd ‘acued (qunttatve) iteviews, wich amore limited. questions bat whee the numberof cases Is much larger There 3 trade-off sven the Pract ints eo sol scale exec, heron the nun of ese ou can Investigate and the depth with which ania can be explored thd ota Gaerton in Rscrch 1 Individual vs. group interviews ‘Thi isnction ovo lat othe nam of pple who are subi the itr, Gry interviews ba ste ma come in et Ye {Grup nerve or fain oe) sole asa up who ae ed by a0 inevewer Why group? Whe fen fies op ers he Proce by whe roup rks ut eos age ves on ep {The rcarch by Brg 3 (1988 th pro of espa on he i fc of cpen spac pol’ ly esas eae in Chet 2. The tettodbogia ustaion wast he paces of op ican, ch ‘Stine mcr tmumbe of wk allowed ber of the pp 0B tach ith per gs cr tt pe Sha ‘encode ane would be fic pera or 3 wodent © mans: Bas eurchen ur grup ters fr pte two thy ar a ucer se ‘eaper way of conducng crew wth dhe same sinker of sopamle though mthdoloalcosens com fe gored ee Bese ofthe uy ‘ymamic solved Hl tha the ets one es wl Fe die fom ‘hone obtained rom srs onl tries Le what ppl wil ay ‘ma group wl ier fom what they might an inl meri. Tee Se rata advantage tn = everyone rm up a hey al ed ‘een sorte pration mcs oshe rach ‘time and posable travelling expemes, onthe asumpion that tis probably ‘ly pole conduct two sce ries sn ay ds Telephone ine Miews can overcome tas problem andthe where questioner may aso Tefal a they sek answers to questions i roctared wa. They ae Aely nin planning rena im tent dissertation, a fe hat Greed (1994) dey hy can be ase ua aerate fo Fae Interviewing hgh ot apes cad hey have the praia advantage that hey ae a imple cheap and mach ese comurming than nerves fran extended period of vcraton av methods of grerting date Ethnography and observation What is ethnography? ‘swith mos aspects of soil racarch there some diference of opinion eget agree eee eT ed the lieeatore on edhnoranhy im soning, Greed (1994: 125) argos that be ecrch Design in Ubon Ping a ‘te boner cpap ah and fer 9 ‘each appropriately fry ante source of mh eat’ SOME 2 Hamper (99) x nog av oad cons NRT Teh i me teem eae ‘re nds ng ec ve ent ene a a Lianne tees ttc ee sme el es ne ‘ther way. Greener (2011) opt fora mille range defnison, nox dsl Soc wteoen inept ame a 88) description of ethnography in planning 8 * Wg, 5 lings on gps ot Fineech porters nce pne be ior an we a eal sod infralmeingn ney poses mene 1 nc! naa on Cg ee wh agreed, and captured in Forester’ racterisation, is that beDaviM og Sle rl cmer ar an al =i foe tee ere Seresleci il cone ce re ithe bares ose sb though nthe Thowdertn mal ae 0h ae Seay cone he sect fain erat he ting, snd mean ni a ‘ent cpm tes cn be hr cone oS {Srp CMB cover ls ne hen conoyment neg Srsanisasons as members in ord 10 PU ae ae pate (0580 wed oe nfl PO xi (997) wd a ie Se cen (95 sty Plies of lel planning fo Sa sia ol planer n Manche £78 eitleebe etme Sen ee wreldnowmegn thoes he paces vote seine. Fe ons ony gtk i8 eS, oh pain a eee ——————C—siaA ee 13, esc chs st Guero 0 ys 58 explain the pod 2 ek pripetion he i ene in he ein A rem eg iy son me Sarl sect econ of 8 sdtey he ens er ober ca a a prac cierelen a Oot Fees oro nde ae cold ad aout werk "ew eneane the depart Lani tedparee a whan ic hapings a bs fe pert WHR cove Tah er of he prone 2 a Se ont ‘Chey ng at en YP ne Fe er ret parce er ve I ri sce ek ere caren ong St ned ‘the conte the eras ie CSD : Sets aaa pi erie ere cer ony SES oat elem Sti deen is gram are rh he eden si combed by Hen wt ha stl ‘tous ghar Tech ‘midpiece bt orf ober. ‘a useful way ethnography be In what circumstances would etho# Of generating data in 2 study Research purpose and question eens a when ee 2 011) and abo when she ogc ah el ee i ana win an dang oe ee eh ce tne hyn nt teeny ca ty pn Pn Sy enamine 0 i tS Te Ser ‘ow wheter they lenin ss mca arn Farin J a wate aay sem nell ere fing elope, ad aig 2 Should ives in sich sem i eerch Dain in Ubon Panning oa {Trp mother. Thee wa demand for srt oes ai ane wh rained mae ‘einai wich pone nde ‘Areview ofthe literature atthe ee (ni 1980s) revealed that there ig Published research on the us of computers in planning, except forthe = thei ah a i an TegNE oe attr wer eae nina earns ach anti psd was he racer opened Easiest ‘Seer Tictin ver touirate an eploney ny poet rin of bw hse led uerod al a ie eth oe gem ‘Saree asin swith ming iy he wy ae ai tins on ntti t development because ofthe time it rok 10 a om as applications — locking up jobs in ii -cabines! ill SSH One poking Se ae oo Pee prone barca ae Senshitarme bathe gabe cnet am of dda iting opcancng unea fr eres in at area. Three months was spent i RITE Sa oa de fh compa se Here dag NN planing a acini se ab Seton bow the compu hatred tc work Fo" Dita sures ang sampling "p pla ag ce re be penerated were places = the. planing eet de uodiced "wich gre ar eb re og ‘day-to-day work involved in dealing * vase watch egies sours ere abo hon ined a pment al ibe wre sen a ‘er one ‘teed by te 9 a S entra ow and wy aaa wile sant BME cs the ving eG shin fn 28 amping as wee es co Ae ES was ase on de eye of se v 28 bei a thoughts ‘of concer othe professional 2 tobe a sien he profes i nt determinant of wow wel he 5 LE ns hd of Boa Gerertin in Reser Practical reasons The csc of eihogapy a mth te 2 i gens thar sie ieap ure 0 me end #1 eh ‘duct ethnographic studies. Work 4 reel ve mi Ethnographic studies can te ein took sie mont dat by Ti 20 ee ae ehh a re een peer Mower 94 16) a og alate role Kichen Ye pro cone psi she wot of an Matai! ease ot aay hone tu ce ald be justi onthe Sed abn andin Cetet 135 Resach Dei in on Rosin Documents What are documents? 2 ait Mn nd Tn (199: 1 dene documents x ‘torah osc fe sal er. Aloe Secbetesseon way ocemnier bya sera ee oA tie apr ok, for explo Wet Stelle on he opi queso of cer and to define ee Aft reason oe serine roar Ther eg Samgebeeecach ce Chapa inns he wy nae tha raf vance top py AE vith th dy of are cs, Hee ve TC ODLanm reed a mae ce ure mee 9 smiths cn senna cnc he Snr ast od os aoe fee il dere ig of cenit fae eean in tok on cca mes Tee» tera Poteet an dts br al cue Saag EI a cur peng and ve on ce! int tens And documents of interest co plants pe ‘sagt hone cei poe toes The thre ue documents wish ee ofa so 98 ‘tal nunbery whee hgh mes nN ‘Beste a hte pe of mala which et Ide Gs en es Testbed dc uments eta B27 10.1 en aun ea ‘oars form gag egPe 2d Magne arin, Ts 2 a el of wey and i es. You ony hase to think about eden fa 20 onal remap wel 35 SS ‘oar ht eg mapa eae contonted wi St mcm se Penh al atl i ment Aart thse peace by maton a8 Ga pl Ptamen, Green Papers, Whit PS plans, policy asa ot Kine dl SE ESrt—“‘é‘_‘O“assSM eds Data Gaersion in aeorch ww cy ave ening ad Bae a Sheol word wih plains 0 th ee aa BSE rica oul be ‘ac ra oan iE yc al ‘rpc taco Pe {proeds th comments sabe cco eg Ad the views of need parts PO sbrclopment ate cine po ee Why would | want to use then ose mens doi para ot Milonga oi a ey es and plies expres in plats hte Ty gesarhes ae ieee thei clopment plans ar Pr tans do not have & = Shree cms mo ES‘ a ema Sore pig ence care i ot occ pris. 1 erent Data sources and sampling Ws ere eel degen nt dt Pose eu cme 0020 ne ser ein shod Pt cep el es acs, They ced me LE cone od en ‘er Us aes anh cc ‘ie devon ai he ofa formal 138 -asarch Digna Urb Horning In ation ro formal plas thesis tere ae often lange number a tacartand Papers mls of erie wees (porate caters msgs ‘tasporenoamental ses ina lcaliy and ster supplementary poly Sccuments Ths an be an important source of scondaty dat which ea be sed sbseguent research fe he ection below onal att) Practical reasons “Thre may be prc reasons for bing interest in ing documents. You may wash 9 do sme fer research on stops and we the same soe OF locument as wed by previous esarcher Foe sta of plantings they my betheony anise source of date on 3 topic ach changing non Policy for ten planing Hobbs (1996) wed docament lke legslasion, onl gudance and dette in Palmetto nt he changing ange nd nae of national planing concern ver he pried 1945-96 Seely Healy and Shaw (1984) desc the way tht the ‘vironment has Bee ected by planters and poly makers over the postwar period. In Bot theese those people who were vied in the formulation of poly are ‘olange acest a aie, Even oer a thor pend, 220 en period, ‘in sarge Hsry of rsdental desler, sy ot be pole "oid pope inter base they have reed or moved to otber poss {nd can no lope bere or coraced or you can tack he dow he ‘fens are wo remarry canto reiembe them vey cer. Methodological reasons eis lear shat researchers comepralte the documents from which they senate data in diferent ways and his wil influence the way tey ame their reseech questions snd go about eneating this data (May) 2003) Some may se the dat and analy include in ofc plans and policy socuments 3 objtivesstement of fat about the tend nthe popula tion economy and wansport systems sn the place that they deseo Foe ‘Berke and Conroy (2004) inthe research disused above, she method: lope agument would be thatthe text ofthe local plan documents they ‘alse preset an objective ssenment of how well the plan policies Promoted the concep of ssainable development Foc other researches the ines Jocutbent is what the el ws about Ihow thon who proce them inspect the word. Greed (1994: 120) foe ‘xample dusts how she read the journal ofthe Royal Town Panning rofsion fom i fceeon and spent ine i what se lle vecroapetve Mah f Dla Geneaon Rach 139 ‘Abo 1199} Lee (2D), and hone documents whe a red Tesco ier een dot hh wee ely ie inflenc othe content of Socament which exited pio the fevearcy wis the rseatcher has very agit oppress ole the comtnt of dcuents anda thug he ecanch procesAbouh fe would sem thatthe lane are scene th peso document ae we thes howerce Hane ing pe-exting octane the, the Seton of ‘what wien is dtermind hy the ator ad he purposes for which ve Jrodaced On top of th yon sv eccr wil cet only some dc Tens to sty fecal withthe ae you are need yan ‘rain tone dacuments you wl ony geerate dats cea abet of he = earch Digna Ubon Henning one of hose doc i ‘erie drcmens Asian 199) aces hat vee 8 wat oe uni ey deco Set lm atin wih er mats of 8 aan oul epee’ ymca achat tl ortos mach ntpanng te plcat ibe pie teach neice er one Sco crs wen te acy ceed poo Stay deni poly wn war em hs cparterrin rg con wi moose tal ingle ot nc Uo hd eg en newpaper plas with sliver innit Heong det there maybe "9856 cain the pln and cofiplermentt- Official statistics What ae official cial statistics? Vid out tain tea fcc pla 4 planned att Produced by the state, Some of thE AC ot Seto dee etme ae om te [an hoe claiming unemployment OEE a trl ip mah Fas ‘hetaea dnt io, hoeholn se Scotland n 1991 ate etre whch were rt ee om Satan te same seat. Population and an upper bi il As These ata ave een wed SS ak ns dat, avaiable ever 0° is describe change in the population of 8 each, and hed of Det Guerin azorch ui fn the UK (se for example, Chamrian ee A open for itera tis of fee el on eh ce Sees th dee schol com stn probe 8 Au rl fr youre males 2 Spe cm, aed eo an he f isthe mig ilo! ce ee efron ft commun a phone Many atin pbs ne ONS weston Ie ee he oad oe the CO fern ad sete pins, = tome! a te 2 cre ‘ aoe he mee E00) a ae ecnragent Ye SS Ae 1957-200 fender aed pia Sonne etn of Ja ei nl ty fe er : sy a en be ed ao ven rye i ei 1 Regret ne ook Irelopnnt. These po of 2 carchay and anal for bi oP yc snd oo dere ba (lel bse (sn) and explain, este a fl "el vlc toe had Be 2 ON At fen dy wth th ne of i PY ed nay not match heer ne ove tne whan make se ns and dion etd ey can abo vata SSlomes Why would | want to use them? Research questions and purPose> Jagr ones seach ae oa the dra Wit he we of secondary dass ts dace gectons bck ca D2 ego ns tne gun inde a) eof pain bal lance epee Elan Bs ae fo ra Tanager Eng ned 0 oe *Pnbcaseme and nce 1 ts Research Design in Ubon Honing eid 0 Suh cna dando on deo tl ‘raced by lal planing autores and erred o exes 7 IS peony er wc om a eam ee Ki rae. hn) a eh ‘eek pen Ne Ep {Se dln prs tt eee sn athe mth ry Sp Data ects and samting eal an fern ar fare pnton, Soe escent Sarre ame fom pop atta source dave bos szacuelitermg Gh daa pate i es Sip clerce rate mnie ate ein gr Spar plndyebChcretch co eet Sree oth Home a Conn fe ‘Gade Attn nom rena tr epee tht eure Bren Comme Sous Thr se a ae see oe Heap at flora tock th here ecl aches ov Phe tt ls aH on lo ‘even alopcin gern i sn as Practice esos a some fm dee datasources an ae obs s ‘eon why ofl sic nd sd pe ere dn team Teele rake sere te Pas tha the cate F258 your efron analysis and tere scent emda of couse neha tor maar plier cpee oe ey chang oe me Methodological reasons s Inde sine J ‘Sut a ay galt nad domino ‘St aho ane et Sea mp dace Se Steady ney ne mc yt a stain ferret, An Snstbonali neePO™ hod Dota Gaertn in eect tha ay vay abou she wa x empasbs e T ‘iw sees them as atempes to produce ORSINI ey of che daa Inher se alae on whch they ate bd fied hone rnachers compiling Sat 2003 the mend Fa Coonan ie a ade wh hich woe proce fr sn ani ts Pa San os ES or, Te Se ack she pcs ofa ean aes tio st pa reer ern Ty ed Sa a ee eR sre ean me ce mountain ee Cpe erase neue tank ph Tes of development require planning Pee 2 measure of demand icin stele ley ode appa ep a oe seep on thatthe term JeOTOST TT he ha Iga ht era ee i pre eA ase ren raha he a Act See apo ch PoP ey rl aT See pm ore chew cari roene fine ae Seed ey Soman yh eed oo ae earch Dig in Ubon Homing his hyponhenis a « emision Brotherton agus (McNamara et 1984) that i Imeem one woud expec wer refi aes where shee met ‘atone an thi in et coms to be a thoush he doubts wether she ‘reappiatondcusom explanation ithe eorect 0 [Exoreise: Methods of data generation ral ovine hape, ousnold now hap, bo ina soa {ort sost the tans ot dat Gearon which you Tah 43 1 ‘star your Yesouchqueston, Tis enfle ake YOu 1 4. ety he posite mato nat you mies, 2. Me stort motos onthe acvartages and dsacvanages of ese eth fr your pose grt tems of bmg yOu to arn reso usin tin tase fy wh YH ‘etgtnrste hed, ary ata coralgetins (ne ard mane) alae) and te natologel arguments tat oud conwneng. Mth of Da Geneon in Reach us Further Reading Anant fear fesecin tpn ig rath of gearing the fre ten pre ronson be apr Ts cd aye eee ot oh mig tne at aed (9 pre [then tr eae ngs of mes pees mer ech re bod [ioc ecg ure maps quate mets ane ple of senses hve nde pe yma A 08 Sc rnc Ma Cr Oded Urey Pres Ciner.N. 2008 Rasen Sl Uf Eon ender Se Ma 200 Sa Renrcng Boing Opn User Pe Huda Rané pan 5.05) ah Mato, tin Lando: Roue, Rotan C00) ea Wn Rach Ofer Bae. Far mee dale dion of yc mei sic he oni od be Interviews and questionnaires Arh an Ke (99) rng Sl Sma cin ese th roi Loner nn “Cay Rnd Bi 208) Deeg Sure A Gk en an Pcs 2 em. Sen eel Reno, tn Londo Rote ‘Gn. 2006 Cente» Grater 2 En Lend Conia al. S 208 Dag rs Lang ing an Hoods C009) bere Qn Row Lond Sige. Ethnography and obseration rein. (87 Dang Eph ont Cth Thon Ot iter 088) Orato cs Sede ance Lf: Can Hanmer nt ian) ner Pen Pace London Rost i Pawar Dain in bon Honing Documents ran an Pa repre oo a aan ad Patra (199) Dc Rn ‘fT ys nn Ree Hort 0229 Duane uc: Open vest Pr ‘208 Ue Daamon in Si ee London a "087 ag Conon Dead Dai Ans nee References ea, ghee 0° ‘Aves, M. {2002} Prada and Social Research. Bock ‘ery Pres ‘nlancn, (199) “Dicours of Pamnenhip a, BODOG ot Contemporary Bh Urban Repnersn, Urban Subs 360 ft ont and Kanes 0 Daan ale ‘spre and Non-dpeied Neighbours’, Urb a, peda ert Rnd Cony, MLM. (2000) “ann for Sussnale D°erit ‘Mung and psig Progress i Plan’, Jour aming Asati 21-33, ‘Mater L, Hughes, C. and Ti (2010) How 10 Reseoroh nein Peas Matry il ean ms oot eet 98) The Lm ore cof ol cane mi LRH eopn Pears and Can 4 a MGI, Te Hee 59 Hoes Go Saal Racnh hice Onn: Ox NS ‘urges R. (1984 i the Belt Av Imroducton to Fd RM “ aged: Ak ad Unwin, "aul Mr Man Cn in M98) Tepe ah 2 he ii a rattan ane OP lal hy gan acy CO indi seis A ar a al noc ee Ice Aba nen nt Me Rot tae oe suite >» 0 ———e”—“——O— hc of ata Gaertn in Rasch Pei i te ing Sc e y Reson ee 195) cing in Face ond omni Durham NC: De ses 1996 tne Rasa Morat‘Vson in SMa pyre flee ee Ros the Se nr of New Jee 0920825, pyarery of rome THe Co A pach Mel: fui Rear Pam cea Re sedate nds Reed Unio Lngsan ee nae te . ley, P and. Shave, T. 11994) “Chat ob rate of Mean santo 02) 1910 bea oe hina ROE Pa : a log Tey Kew bo ein is Reszrch Dag in Uh Hanning ne Spenco aoa ‘Gna Bn Lae Fo Chap Pe ‘1-209 Mic of “un Renae’ he Urban TFS it TLS ne me Kenan tel Tacy oe pees ‘as, and Dents. 998 roy “Lvl “eis Cyn Vso one DO Go Si 8 c Macdonal, K. and Tipton, C, (1993), ‘Using Documents” it N a ttsercing Soil Life Landon: Sage, pp. 187-200. METH tin cy Ln a ae fay, 1) Researching, Buckingham: Open Universi? Pan arn (1935) te Fra iso Mein Ha _ & io ad tenn, 198) TM {onl Daa Pala Ren: 8 Came the’ Reset Sul, Town Plan Review, 95 (18 9° gi al anor Dassen amine {onion cu in Se te ma aan of varie es a See hectare ny menses — Key questions —— What types of linseed 2" Whats data anal How do et iat ypeso ata ae tee? Key concepes ageae le ingest Overview of the sae rch tat testo pay es gee me SSNS ati etn ee eee oe slams that can be made on he ins aad ch can fe sen a ans 10 et ‘eins andr explanatory rear fut often, thre an intense stage towards the end of the period of ‘arch wen the analy of he dats eerted i he min concer Relecing back te Uncusson a Chapters § and 6, we ca se aims as operating a two levee, Fs there ae cs or ining whch rat the cae or cues sae i he research Second there ae Wider claims OF erations made onthe basi the resarch. When the research gues on is deciptve andthe cece std ae chug to be representative of ‘wider ppelation, descriptive lim about these cases may be the basis of {mempiralpnealisation rom he ample othe popation. This could be, $y, fom research on afew ces, neighbourhoods or phe all ties, ‘mgloarhond or planners "Where he reeach guction explanatory a theoreti generalisation is made when am account which ge for why something happened in the ‘Ses amined i aken at Being applicable beyond hese cases 1 all eases there sac conditions apy. Fr example» genealation from the factors Thich alls the mepstiing emer of ew lca planing authors £0 “velopment aplictions oa theory abou al wich cares Resschguetions hereto tthe are ofthe clams you will ek wo snake on the bn of your rach nl he pry of your als Anais ‘np you spyrt those claims by ain your aa so'eidence' Ror ‘hs rest it early very impor pr of research desi Bu Nk shout amass tends be nee omarion wth the atesondevoned tou -The mtu ofthe eerch question pose, how open-ended ii wil alo ‘fect the amount of work ote undereaken athe analysis stage, during and ter dae nerion compared withthe eer researc design sage 10 fate chapters advecatel a approach fo research questions which nate rome the tape of uch questions “The chapter proceeds saws sears wth a re rvew ofthe rypes of daa aca be geerated data dhe for of words or mmbers- This ats ‘he way ha das gana. han examines nr, examples of goa tre and qualitative analyss to answer both desrpve and explanatory "orstons des from the research autor conuered in ear chapters of the hook. The am sto econ he lag ofthe ana, deawing 00 the ‘autho explanations where these ate vaale. Typical qantiasie analysis in pinning secarch ned onthe analy sarvey dat. Here, tee ae selhdeveoped echnigucs for anaing data which an be adopted, and can es Arai 11 eee eer eee eT ble for sch nay (og 88, MINFTAB). Tc forse var of ea eed ered te wed for this prone Ginchling th eof word procening sd sea shew In ark proal hy quate researcher planing te ity 16 char ety ler ti mas ls fn nore Tha ea ed inser over the aconaby of the aaa dios which ave ben taken. Gm 200 19) ages hat tell nyt hel tvs eo scruie o chexk the pris of aaa to do so wit sant ‘earch because there ar andar provera nueria dit pr Sealy weighty BY cons it may be dif to hcp track th eee eT era {tom qualative escarch mane tha canoe cy be shared wth ors Qualitative and quantitative data Making 2 dininctom terwecn thse nwo eyes of data is important Ice it wil affect the way that you wl be to snaye the daa Bt rear ee eta tions you tike about the methods of data generation, Sod ato the umber of cases selected for stay or the purpone i hie shapes Lm faking qualitative data eo be dita be analaed which nin the fore of sword Iecould have been generated sth suo recording and ta ed eee eee eee) interviews (s conducted by Burgess ct 11988) or fom the ex Acumen of various Kind, Quanta dat a hi defi inthe Form of numbers, Mach ofthis data may ately have erigoted fn the form of words ut has ben subsequence ax mame: Fr tample, seruttared inervews analy snk clwed quctiog to whic here ae a limited ange of anaes th design of the nevi soho eee ele gpa eee ‘about to take an example fro Atkin and Kites (2001) whether the respondent had left their Heighbouthood daring the previous week (day ea Be tne with eer" oral thee oe gh be Land the cde Forno" might be 2 Het hee plication that ae eae eet eer ee eee rte ters ae effciely labels but stil package Uke SPSS abe fo handle numbers mare iin than words ashe al of gana ats, tay dein have sleet bora tkas about bow the Gata wl be NO eeeeeeeeSSSSOOCNC‘C(RYNSSCNSC‘OS 12. Forch Dig in on Honing organised ad abled or coded bur where the ess of data gent vag 2 far data in the form of words spall decisions about ides oving temain to be tken Quantitative analysis of survey data A descriptive research question post ‘The example I draw on here is from research by Hoch (1988), as i ‘some research on planning, and political conflict by Forester S08 7 14 ‘Pant observation and by in-depth interviews with planners by Ba 1988) was imerested in how representative the findings of HE ad “studies were and he undertook to conduct'a national stud of rane ‘ren ple (Xe no SF do when they bee tho economic ca, plas ait sional competence of moral itegrty ate subject to atack. (Ho=h. | ‘an a0 “The is aim, andthe on of interest ere, eset £098 oh ‘tate estimate of the how many planners had faced political conic ‘Kenton oe kao ah and sent t0 a random sar ‘of the national mem le Aen ne te he ‘more than one in four of the sam '9%) returned completed 5 (526) He won pest epee SmI a the ihe be expend atthe dsen sexe ec ‘Nolet thn the 10% rons rca he four 2 ‘Nevertheless, im terms of obtaining an accurate esimatc of COO ime thorn spe cons cease fe scognised as a problem if you are EYP." aes mehr aaron ofthe sample analysed. The other aspect one ole Pah si Uh fom whch gnc na sfc ee ee of the American Planning Association, ad * ing i Ametian Planning Asiocation may aot be WOH git "hoot ther apace were inlet iets how te poplaon of eres te random ample ele ‘shin laoreet ad te chieed ampe at Anns 159 - {repens aren tt Pere ssoai baer opione Sr Fame fxn by sking an oF rede wich i to ding te Tee san came of Sco sls Tht 2g to cde Sine Sof peal a wise oan ort Hoch ol ech ya eis wich We Te nature ofthe confi planners sed dd qian wher the estosens 05455 ere hen coded bythe meas Ihre the respondent dd ot Salta component within an ther gen de on he eateries ito Yh sryey wast eal ho kt were flowing se rs zs wi ruil ave desde a eh den sa tat we on of the rey he ein ah Ny ee Orbe mie ead w ne sae he 2M nc eh Sipe ve decid that he wo a "ponents and au thn the DS 38 sort Digna Ubon Panning Descriptive analysis “The sim hee was to make some deci claims aout she nature of the teats pic confi tat panes inthe USA faced daring the cours of th work, a what action they tok when faced with h onl. The anal sot fia to ett te frequency ofthese Se ferent type of pot conics, spaying the data forthe variable ina ‘abl ced a reuencydisibuton” Variable are the representations oF the ely of wx He tat guanine researches are sing £0 ‘ee: Th con be ec how wl ak aie sty ‘essary i urn ont valiy) We wl ean exam oe Jest oer hal (36%) of texpondcns reported a svete polial ‘nic ving tir crete. Table 81 (based on Hoch, 1988) stows freuen dtborion opps of sof fed y Planners, Thi ale sows te numer of exponents who gave a parca answer and the Perea ol eapondents nach category The frequen) dsbtion Sows that the mot frequent sp of confer arose over develoent that ‘vas in confi th plang Pepe or otc. The second mot fe Susteren sew fewten he pantera lal Pcs {Hosted cathy acl nthe USA) wh he plane sper toe The pope lore hse dint ctor of conc by ing Alscpda of some ofthe exes of pica conic reported in the vey ‘by gesing verbatim wha the plantrs had wren he quetonnae summa stuaton vera he planes sel harassment ‘omy toe ae cel fom te ge numer revordd om the gues omnes and provide "quae guotes which cam spice up what ight be ‘etna ath dy aman le 81 peo Caer perenens imacoas Seetaieeie eae ota Mais. an” tal one * 0 ‘a ope Ey " Pes” % te Sea " . Stare A + Date Ani 155 Another pice of analyst showed that one neice planners faced such ont more than once and 15% dd ery or wore often. He makes an ‘inca pencraleanon on the has of hie evidence a whe threaten inn plical cont are sly widespread among planner they are no 2 eeguent occurence in most planers caer’ (1988 37) What did Planners do in the face af cone? Flere the ana concerned wih ‘Mhether the planner had taken sone action eo aed the confit ad ‘thether that ation had been uc che eof lane Table 8.2 in simple crow eabulation~ ora ple of variate analy =i which these two variables ave coniered a hc same ime. The percentages ih thie able show the percentage of al those who had experienced penal ence divided Bewcen the diferent cell ofthe able The oa of the peventags als up 100% andthe N atthe atom of he table reer {othe sus of the sample fom hich tere percentages have Ben ake laced. This analyse shows Tour eategone of respons and outcome: Planner were eter sca -onrahli sate an onpepared Tosa we know tar thee cateyore mere alton previous reseahy Coming from x previo intervie survey of Chicago planers cried out ty Hoch and a college “ele 12. Gert oP ol Coney Sct ince “The descriptive claim here ie haath vc of fie planners eter {ed to ave the pow of onfct or soup to scat and esate potential dapat efor hey cae restr cya Hid were sees Ral" 988. 29). The problem wih ewripee clams and ompiseal tenealition ofthis sore docs no ie wt dats nae, bu with the Fadequacy ofthe sme fa are planes the APA representa of A pacners tn he USA) and the pswile recused bythe very lee umber of pople who ale wo sep othe questo ee Pigate 1). ————————— eS — ————— — — —”—”—— - ezrch Ds a Uthon Hanning ‘eas ro ave faced threxeing pol coi in hi ate ehhh apne ha Om ea o rng ria hos {eeGinl ss cot mip hare hough taser wold B00 ‘poetic yh wa tate eh Seer opoos mole nc nef cn fn olanaory research question ek 4 Ke ; Jone as inde by Akin teats Ger py fr rome Sweses Gerla aot wo Ssh he eed pence a ‘Asim RED 0 beat (Adin and Kins 2007 27 he ie wc en oe Tabor aronach etna so Eeeeieare ee mare ree eee ee vac ne he Py a i a tpn det pac on al sey ea vhch a m PPor for nt apa ae pay focus onthe eighbourod ad ‘he aca and a oar ad al, mh afc he PSE cling cmp li itn ere meh Mento Pl a we Bemis a oe a S rated the cap 7 place win wach hin Silos ecard of wid a deprived! and a mixed area i) Gagew) a enon rem we ww at Anas sane for ies We soul te 3 chi hate i shane a det ma es Se eral mI amok oe See (Sl det eat AL oie at mio th meighbourhood th me (le tbe IE So enables mensaring jo a vars as shows ue aed 1-658 arb = 158 sarc signin Ubon Planing Hw do we inept thi able? Fis, there ae evo confounding factors or “eonol vvbls here Theft consol variable represented bythe dv son he coluas inthe tbl Between Edinburgh ard Glasgow thet ‘epesenting more and ess prosperous cy contexts rather than these ites tring ofan neste terest mth sation. We might Byporbess that role inthe ewes would be ily have diferent employment pro et otis ference ‘contol for inthe analysis inthe table, We ‘woul expect to finda hghe evel of employment in general im Edinburgh ‘han Gang “The independent variable, the sopponed “aus ia this analysis the cone sotration of poverty soil in) in he aren This i efleted so the ‘alvvson inthe ble berween two ates wt eack cy one thet a ‘keine area an theaters mined res the deprived sas being shaded Soin Edinburgh tbe depeved aes abled Dale an the mice en ‘Locka and in Glasgow they ae Westland "Crile repesvely, {this als thre are tus pombe inane a diferent pia cle on xeoyment prospects for ete. This uations ometines described ‘mulere ami “Thre are fut columns in the table, At the top ofeach coum eto be seen Peerage’ and The percentage bee efers to the percentage of eopl fs given tenure Nsthe size ofthe sample of respondent for ech fend. Ths for Dali, 58.1% of owner occupies were fa erploynent neon asamp of apres Dale who were wero: anor forthe manent, the tenure of espondent the testo the hypo {si aboot te impact of the concentration ofthe poor in area om the ‘saree ones woul be mesred by comparing sc cployment at oo group of people, one ving a ae ith igh conceteton ‘of he pot and the other sup ling «neighbourhood with lower concen ‘eation, We can see shat bth Edinburgh ad in Glasgow, the deprived areas have a lower percentage of those in employment than thowe tthe ‘input miedare. For example; employment for edents 16-43 tn ‘Westies 31% whist ti Sh Cini. 80, att ight we have ‘evidence fan sociation betwean the level of depvaton and he chances ‘hata eset wosld ben copoymet ‘Butof cous, the arse were slated in the se lac on the basis ofthe levis depriaton in he aes and one ofthe sideators of deprivation ' unemployment oe people who are ouside the labour market hence we ‘woul expect thee ference to cx Ahanson ad Kine (2001. 2392) ete concerned however whether thre is an atonal neighbourhood onto to jolene’ What we want 0 know, then, whether people DeAnda 159 Ghee of teaitngemplopnce hel hy te uke ot ves TME eee eee Those coc ening ween toe poor Toran ta alo eee pln ocr a ning onpace: ane sea We an Cnt By i wih le. A peony vue ane which nthe ew of he ae ae eee pee fete whch th cs povey bx wh forum prac ease fans eee { emonable spponmaton ‘oes le i en dec npc of ogni higher or lower cncenang of prey on te cane of bes Carploynrat Ga the ae fe he ole ages athe ines ay pen onthe wan cacpry at ec af ake he pps ter rs) ihe doped ra ar aw Hh oe enptomen {Gt han owner cep iit ned ea 2.0%) wc oe ‘Gn te hype Prt fle atone ened hong, oe Faken be posh Met ae no ce ober tae eee {is wo aes wi 16% isthe dpe as a9d 33.9 ne mie {Sta neoploen: thong he dif some wi he pt eg = ca sce ro ave opprea e vtec bypri: {Eas ha aoloyes te sem (0 be sera hper oe se Tring in he Speed en Tbe lnk a te paseo ci, Ghigo hee sina pater th nnd th ore pnp cs dr, or ot Slee tow nea scary roel waa. and ve bow fae te compared wth GONG be eed a Fee ol tuiioey basing tea wy sl ptenages 2215 ond 22.7% oe incl nr rns Fr asic ang ion freee fn opt ae! pe of ong ee deed Festi ioe eee cee we oeree ne of coe omy ee ed Eitopipene ihc depo mid te ig emer {i porn ae empl cc snl th ute he eed esa ea ete 10 eee Onn Ubon Honing Chance or sandom sampling error in stitial analyse is always a pouty when te data ng aad s sed on spl of be option fre box 1). Th would mean in thi example thatthe deren cl tated becween the depeved und mined acts might be duc tothe ature af the specie sample that was selected for stud, and would no be found i the mer population from which the sample wa selected. fst By chance because is eandom sample you hae selected an unreeesenttne sa le One way to estimate the chance ofthis happening 0 eal the ‘tinal igicance ofthe ference. The enaresof cover sceapers ‘housing asciation ering and private reatingin Table 8.3 are all aster ished (|. The lr authority tenets not 30 marked The iflerences Wek dhe double atssk() are sido he sgn at the 5 percent lee The sll teense herwcen he level of employeent fr those the depeived and mised area ia Toa aon venue are not stastally ‘pean: Diferences for his tere ae highly ikely ro be due to what is Sale pling eo Box 8.1 STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TABLE 8.3 FROM. "ATKINSON AND KINTREA (2001) How sh weitere stitial spitanc nds ce The eres of ‘Ovmerocapio Hawa Aco sn rte rang ar a stared = ‘Thee desrbed te mating th he roads eget § prc ‘ewan sen wey eo paces in tab e ere ‘We recs bewe ce spears dese aren for hese ee ‘Seg hough oor theo sahoy red aa) ee gute coven ato rpert he sate cues of nate The S prc ere so ener cpt a binge west or of pices wc tobe ‘ud rar ppm tay opin ‘Gnu lmeaton ofthe paper hat ti ot er how Os sence has ‘ro eked seo ly at thors wea the c-ieure ts {twice ned where he sega ats he se wth Auaredinrforing Hore te me ts qenion om te coded sore Stal ates Fo ena wi he ear of our scone! “his te enugorenownerscepie le autoryrhoweng cater mt revere eter 18 Sic ice nh ome a fn ate Too (path ransom sare un om rear nh et. fre le pred ewer He ‘radar angela ob eo randon singer Dir ‘Re perenne te lal autor oar sa nosey ge Ter eres tale Ae eae ‘Ev aeocadon been vrsblcs sec that we ca ae eh or Sampling eror asa explanation forthe suction heer te evel Aeprvaton and employer, coring forse fhe tena, bt an eee eee eee era well be biased, This oul, these, bene ofthe eons why here ea Some ofthe posible confounding factors have bx co interycting the greater aces of ermerocepia ithe med ate ‘btuningenployent st elem Sor the ypoths. They sae that eee eee et ee ee overty. The character of owneroccapation al oy vary erent Fo reas with homeownership she dpe sess ng oe marginal nd msn impart of thon who fu hi Ia auton hoi woe ‘he'rgh ro by So the asta ayo sed commen ie wh ke berween the ares, een ting ore nt sou And here So sca 1 diferences between the areas neers of he proportion diferent howe hold ype. For example, thre sre more lane parent Bocas ithe eprint Thee ae uly foaled hooks wah bow connie ere paante ete cde much abr hepa ofthe soil ms neighbourhood i he ‘iss studed, Prt ofthe ference Ietwseh areas rele ferences a the people living in the aeighbourhos But if a easonable pron, hen there do seein 20 be eightourhoal eet ose we com far 1. Reseach Design in ton ering income’ in this way, though fo people in some tenures (or income ‘soup socal mis asoxiated with Deter mploynent prospects ut fos ‘ers wth wore ones, Ando course sold be eer face il ‘Geet nihhouonds which enor aes ino sco conta ehL1 Fcwe 82 Son Ponte Rano ring on cco Sly Final oe of theca mene in Chapter 6 i whether she sup ed cathe came before the eet. One othe probes typically {seid with the wt of turveyt sk gesone aout the Cent vio Oates of people tat we Know i othing about {in rds varals, Thc crore setona earch as posed ‘0 longitdina research which follow individuals or hoch over time, With logitadinl research it woul be possible ro tack oth the

You might also like