Developing Image Processing and Computer
Vision applications
Artificial Intelligence
Dr. Usman Ghani
INDEX
▰ Introduction to OpenCV
▰ Image Basics in OpenCV
▰ Basic functions of OpenCV
▰ Constructing Basic Shapes in OpenCV
▰ Image filtering
▰ Morphological transformations
▰ Processing Images with OpenCV
▰ Working with videos
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Introduction to
OpenCV
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How does computer vision works?
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Applications of OpenCV
Human Pose Detection Detection and Tracking
• e.g. Tracking Cars or Objects
• e.g. AR clothes fitting
Medical Imaging Camera Calibration
• e.g. camera calibrations toolkits
• e.g. AI medical diagnosis
Manufacturing Production
Autonomous vehicles Line
• e.g. Self Driving Cars • Labeling and tracing products
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Computer Vision Toolkits
Endrov
VTK VXL
PIL BootCV
Computer
PCL Vision VLFeat
toolkits
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Introduction to the OpenCV library
▰ Open source Computer Vision Library
▰ Officially launched in 1999 at Intel Research
▰ Available for C, C++, and Python
▰ free for both academic and commercial
▰ Cross Platform
▻ Supports Windows, Linux, Mac OS , iOS, Android
▰ http://opencv.org/
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Installing OpenCV, Python, and other packages
▰ Installation of required ▰ Installation Commands:
libraries: pip install opencv-python
Install opencv-python pip install matplotlib
Install matplotlib pip install scikit-image
Install scikit-image pip install numpy
Install numpy pip install pandas
Install pandas
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Image Basics in
OpenCV
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Concepts of pixels, colors, channels, images,
and color spaces
Pixels Colors Images Color
channels
spaces
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Accessing and manipulating pixels in OpenCV
Access pixel values
Access only blue pixel
Modify the pixel values
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Get image shape
• type of image data; number of pixels; etc.
• print( img.shape )
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Basic functions of
OpenCV
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Read an Image
Syntax: cv2.imread(image, flag)
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https://miro.medium.com/max/1400/1*IHHLvhkhx2xHloOb3-wXwA.jpeg
Display an image
Syntax: cv2.imshow(window_name, image)
Output
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Save image to disk
Syntax: cv2.imwrite(filename, image)
Image saved in drive
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Access Image properties
Syntax:
• img.shape
• img.dtype
• img.size
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Change Color Spaces
RGB → Gray
cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
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Resize image
Syntax:cv2.resize(src, dsize[, dst[, fx[, fy[, interpolation ]]]])
Original Image Resized Image
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Constructing Basic
Shapes in OpenCV
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Draw a rectangle on image
Syntax: cv2.rectangle(image, p0, p1, color,
thickness)
Output
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Draw a circle on image
Syntax: cv2.circle(image,
center_coordinates, radius, color,
thickness)
Output
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Draw a line on image
Syntax: cv2. line(image, p0, p1, color,
thickness)
Output
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Draw an ellipse on image
Syntax: cv2.ellipse(img, center, axes, angle,
a0, a1, color, thickness)
Output
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Put text on image
Syntax: cv2.putText(image, text, org, font,
fontScale, color[, thickness[, lineType[,
bottomLeftOrigin]]])
Output
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Image filtering
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Sharpen the image
Syntax: cv2.filter2D(src, depth, k_sharped,
kernel)
Output
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Blur an image
Syntax: cv2.blur(image, ksize)
Output
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Apply Gaussian Filter on an image
Syntax: cv2.GaussianBlur(src, ksize, sigmaX[,
dst[, sigmaY[, borderType =
BORDER_DEFAULT]]] )
Output
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Apply Median Filter on an image
Syntax: cv2.medianBlur(src, ksize)
Output
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Apply an identity Filter on an image
k_filter = np.array([[1,0,0], [1,1,0], [0,0,1]])
Syntax: cv2.filter2D(img, -1, k_filter)
Output
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Processing Image
Operations with OpenCV
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Perform Thresholding on an image
Syntax: cv2.threshold(image, thresh, maxval,
type, dst)
Output
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Detect Edges of objects in an image
Syntax: cv2.Canny('/path/to/img', minVal,
maxVal, apertureSize, L2gradient)
Output
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Detect Contours in an image
#find Contours
cv2.FindContours(image,mode=
CV_RETR_LIST,method=CV_CHAIN_APPROX_
SIMPLE)
#draw contours
cv2.DrawContours(img, contours,
contourIdx, colour, thickness)
Output
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Setting Region of Image
Syntax: cv2.selectROI(windowName, img,
showCrosshair, fromCenter)
Output
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Blending Images
Blend Pictures
Syntax: cv2.addWeighted(img1, alpha, img2, beta, gamma)
Pic 1 Pic 2
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Crop an image
Syntax: crop_img = img[y:y+h, x:x+w]
Original Image Cropped Image
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Splitting and merging images
Syntax: Merged an image
• cv2.split()
• cv2.merge()
Split an image
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Draw Histogram of an image
Syntax: cv2.calcHist(images, channels, mask,
histSize, ranges)
Original Grayscale Image
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Apply Log Transformation on an image
# Apply log transform.
c = 255/(np.log(1 + np.max(img)))
log_transformed = c * np.log(1 + img)
abc= np.array(log_transformed, dtype = np.uint8)
Input Image Apply Log Transformation
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Apply Power Law Transformation on an image
Original Image Gamma = 2.2 Gamma = 0.1
Pow_law_trans = np.array(255*(img / 255) ** gamma, dtype = 'uint8')
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Morphological
Transformations
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Dilation Operation
Syntax: cv2. dilate(img, kernel, iterations=1)
Input Image Dilation of Image
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Erosion Operation
Syntax: cv2.erode(img, kernel, iterations=1)
Input Image Erosion of Image
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Opening Operation
Syntax: cv2.morphologyEx(img,
cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
Input Image Opening operation on Image
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Closing Operation
Syntax: cv2.morphologyEx(img,
cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
Input Image Closing operation on Image
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Top Hat Operation
Syntax: cv2.morphologyEx(img,
cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)
Input Image Top Hat Operation
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Black Hat Operation
Syntax: cv2.morphologyEx(img,
cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)
Input Image Black Hat Operation
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Morphological gradient operation
Syntax: cv2.morphologyEx(img,
cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel))
Input Image Morphological gradient operation
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Perform Negative of an Image
# Subtract the img from max value
(calculated from dtype)
img_neg = 255 - img
Input Image Perform Negative Operation
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THANKS!
Prof Dr. Muhammad Usman Ghani Khan
Director
NCAI UET Lahore
usman.ghani@kics.edu.pk
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