This document contains the solutions to various problems related to structural dynamics. Problem 1 involves calculating the weight and stiffness of a table based on changes to its natural period when a plate is added. Problem 2 determines the motion of a mass partially supported by a spring and stops. Problem 3 calculates damping ratios, natural frequencies, and stiffness/damping coefficients for various mass-spring-damper systems based on given parameters like mass, displacement over time, and cycles of vibration.
This document contains the solutions to various problems related to structural dynamics. Problem 1 involves calculating the weight and stiffness of a table based on changes to its natural period when a plate is added. Problem 2 determines the motion of a mass partially supported by a spring and stops. Problem 3 calculates damping ratios, natural frequencies, and stiffness/damping coefficients for various mass-spring-damper systems based on given parameters like mass, displacement over time, and cycles of vibration.
This document contains the solutions to various problems related to structural dynamics. Problem 1 involves calculating the weight and stiffness of a table based on changes to its natural period when a plate is added. Problem 2 determines the motion of a mass partially supported by a spring and stops. Problem 3 calculates damping ratios, natural frequencies, and stiffness/damping coefficients for various mass-spring-damper systems based on given parameters like mass, displacement over time, and cycles of vibration.
This document contains the solutions to various problems related to structural dynamics. Problem 1 involves calculating the weight and stiffness of a table based on changes to its natural period when a plate is added. Problem 2 determines the motion of a mass partially supported by a spring and stops. Problem 3 calculates damping ratios, natural frequencies, and stiffness/damping coefficients for various mass-spring-damper systems based on given parameters like mass, displacement over time, and cycles of vibration.
FACULTY OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING POST GRADUATE PROGRAM IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS ASSIGNMENT-1
Submitted By: Habtamu Alemayehu Submitted To: Ins. Solomon A. Submission Date 18/03/2016G.C
Structural Dynamics Assignment-I
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
ASSIGNMENT-1 2.1 A heavy table is supported by flat steel legs. Its natural period in lateral vibration is 0.5 sec. When a 50-lb plate is clamped to its surface, the natural period in lateral vibration is lengthened to 0.75 sec. What are the weight and the effective lateral stiffness of the table?
SOLUTION:
The natural period in the lateral vibration for both:
Tn=2𝜋(m/k)0.5=0.5 (a)
Tn’=2𝜋(m+50/g/k)0.5=0.75 (b) a) Determine the weight of the table Taking the ratio of equation (b) to (a) 𝑇𝑛 2𝜋(m/k)0.5 = 𝑇𝑛′ 2𝜋(m + 50/g/k)0.5 Squaring the result gives 2 𝑇𝑛 (m/k)0.5 = 𝑇𝑛′ (m + 50/g/k)0.5
=>(Tn/Tn’)2=(m+50/g)/m =>1+50/mg=(0.75/0.5)2=2.25 =>W=mg=40lbs Ans
b) Determine the lateral stiffness of the table(k)
Rearranging eq(a) Tn=2𝜋(m/k)0.5=0.5 =>0.52=4 𝜋2(m/k) =>k=16 𝜋2m But mg=40 =>m=40/(9.81*39.4) =>m=0.1035 =>k=16.41lbs/in Ans
Structural Dynamics Assignment-I
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
2.3 Amass m is at rest, partially supported by a spring and partially by stops. In the position shown below, the spring is mg/2. At time t=0 the stops are rotated, suddenly releasing the mass. Determine the motion of the mass.
SOLUTION:
Constructing free body diagram:
Ku+mg/2
mϋ
Mg u Summation of force along y axis : => Ku+ mϋ +mg/2-mg=0 => Mϋ+ku=mg/2 Solving the equation of motion U(t)=Acosɷnt+ Bsinɷnt+mg/2k
At t=0 u(0)=0 and ú(0)=0 0
=>U(0)=Acos(ɷn*0)+ Bsin(ɷn*0)+mg/2k =>0=A*1+0+mg/2k =>A=- mg/2k (a) And ú(0)=0 ú(t)= -A ɷn sin(ɷn*t)+ B* ɷn*cos(ɷn*t) ú(0)= -A ɷn sin(ɷn*0)+ B* ɷn*cos(ɷn*0) ú(0)=B*1=0 (b) Therefore A=- mg/2k ,B=0 Substituting eq(a) and (b) 0 U(t)=Acosɷnt+ Bsinɷnt+mg/2k U(t)=(-mg/2k)cosɷnt+mg/2k U(t)=mg/2k(1-cosɷnt) Ans
Structural Dynamics Assignment-I
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING 2.10 For a system with damping ratio ξ , determine the number of free vibration cycles required to reduce the displacement amplitude to 10% of the initial amplitude; the initial velocity is zero. SOLUTION:
1/j*ln(ui/ uj+1)~2𝜋 ξ
=>1/j10%*ln(1/ 0.1)~2𝜋 ξ
=>j10%=ln(10)~2𝜋 ξ
=>j10%=0.366/ξ Ans
2.11 What is the ratio of successive amplitude of vibration if the viscous damping ratio is known to be (a) ξ=0.01 (b) ξ=0.05 (c) ξ =0.25? SOLUTION:
From equation: Ui/ui+1=exp(2𝜋ξ / √1- ξ2) a) ξ=0.01 Ui/ui+1=exp(2𝜋*0.01 / √1- 0.012) =1.065 Ans b) ξ=0.05 Ui/ui+1=exp(2𝜋*0.05 / √1- 0.052) =1.37 Ans c) ξ=0.25 Ui/ui+1=exp(2𝜋*0.25 / √1- 0.252) =5.06 Ans
Structural Dynamics Assignment-I
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL AND WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING 2.13 The stiffness and damping properties of a mass-spring-damper system are to be determined a free vibration test; the mass is given as m=0.1 lb-sec2/in. In this test the mass is displaced 1 in. by a hydraulic jack and then suddenly released. At the end of 20 complete cycles, the time is 3 sec and the amplitude is 0.2m. Determine the stiffness and damping coefficients? SOLUTION:
Step 1: Determine ξ and ɷn
ξ =1/2𝜋j *ln(Ui/ui+1) =1/2𝜋*20 *ln(1/20) =0.0128=1.28% Therefore the assumption of small damping is valid Td=3/30=0.15 sec Tn=Td=0.15 ɷn=2𝜋/0.15 =41.89 rad/sec Step 2: Determine stiffness coefficient
K= ɷn2m=(41.89)2*0.1=175.5lbs/in Ans
Step 3: Determine damping coefficient
ccr=2m ɷn=2*0.1*41.89=8.38 lb-sec/in
c= ccr* ξ= 0.0128*8.38=0.107 lb-sec/in Ans 2.14 A machine weighing 250 lb is mounted on a supporting system consisting of four springs and four dampers. The vertical deflection of the supporting system under the weight of the machine is measured as 0.8in. The dampers are designed to reduce the amplitude of vertical vibration to one-eighth of the initial amplitude after two complete cycles of free vibration. Find the following properties of the system. (a) Undamped natural frequency (b) Damping ratio (c) Damped natural frequency Comment on the effect of damping on the natural frequency SOLUTION:
Step 1: Determine undamped natural frequency
K=250/0.8=312.5 lbs/in M=w/g=250/386=0.647 lb-sc2/in ɷn=(k/m)0.5 =21.98 rad/sec Ans Step 2: Determine damping ratio
