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Case Study MCD

This case study examines a patient who presented with vaginal bleeding and was diagnosed with abruptio placentae, or placental abruption. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery and can threaten the lives of both mother and baby. The case study objectives are to determine the causes and risk factors of abruptio placentae and apply appropriate nursing management. It provides background on the condition and risk factors like preeclampsia. It also outlines the patient's profile, medical management, and nursing care plan. The significance of studying this case is to enhance nursing students' knowledge of caring for patients with abruptio placentae.

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193 views16 pages

Case Study MCD

This case study examines a patient who presented with vaginal bleeding and was diagnosed with abruptio placentae, or placental abruption. Placental abruption occurs when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before delivery and can threaten the lives of both mother and baby. The case study objectives are to determine the causes and risk factors of abruptio placentae and apply appropriate nursing management. It provides background on the condition and risk factors like preeclampsia. It also outlines the patient's profile, medical management, and nursing care plan. The significance of studying this case is to enhance nursing students' knowledge of caring for patients with abruptio placentae.

Uploaded by

John kananaman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Pangasinan Phinma Education Network

Arellano St. Dagupan city

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements of R.L.E

CASE STUDY OF
ABRUPTIO PLACENTA

Submitted by:
Delos Santos, Dhen loren
Disu, Marjorie De Leon
Domantay, Abegail Micah
Dy, Tamika Zhonell Dela Cruz
Edades, Marie Ross Zsanderell
Elinzano, John Ericsson
Esteves, Merell
Estrada, Miranela
Evaristo, Stephanie
Fernandez, Christina
Fernandez, Fatima Kaye
Fernandez, Ma. Roa Kate

Medical Centrum Dagupan

Submitted to:
Mr. Dennis S. Baylon
Clinical Instructor
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the University of Pangasinan- Phinma nursing students of Related Learning


Experiences (RLE) level II, wish to express our heartfelt gratitude to our beloved
Clinical Instructor, Mr Dennis S. Baylon and Mrs. Theresa Bangad for their
unwavering support and enormous confidence that permitted us to accomplish this
requirement.

To the Medical Centrum Dagupan, we would like to extend our earnest gratitude for
their heartfelt accommodation and hospitality in allowing us to handle the records of
the patient and acquire information that we imparted in this case study.

Above all, to GOD, to the almighty who have created all good things in this world, our
internal source of inspirations and saving graces, we heartily dedicate this humble
piece of work in partial fulfillment of RLE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. OBJECTIVES
a. General Objectives
b. Specific Objectives

II. INTRODUCTION
III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
a. Nursing Education
b. Nursing Practice
c. Nursing Research

IV. PATIENT PROFILE


a. Biographic Data
b. Family Dynamics
c. Patient History
d. Developmental Data
e. Diagnostic Test and Laboratory Results

V. Anatomy and Physiology


VI. Pathophysiology
VII. Medical Management
VIII. Drug Study
IX. Nursing Care Plan
X. Discharge Planning
I. OBJECTIVES

A. General Objectives
To develop awareness, to enhance their knowledge and understanding on
the concepts and information regarding placental abruption are the main
goals for conducting this case study that they may employ in the outmost
and therapeutic care needed in assisting such ailment in gaining an optimal
health, to introduce them with skills that they may adopt in administering
effective nursing care and to give them an idea on appropriate nursing
management.

B. Specific Objectives
o To determine the etiology and potential causes of placenta
abruptio
o To determine the predisposing factors of placental abruptio
o To acquire information regarding the management of placenta
abruptio and apply them on real life
II. INTRODUCTION
Placental abruption means the placenta has detached (come away)
from the wall of the uterus, either partly or totally. This can cause bleeding
in the mother. It may also interfere with the unborn baby’s supply of
oxygen and nutrients, which the placenta provides from the mother’s
bloodstream through the lining of the uterus.

Doctors cannot reattach the placenta. Without prompt medical


treatment, a severe case of placental abruption can have dire consequences
for the mother and her unborn child, including death.

Worldwide, placental abruption occurs in about one pregnancy in every


100. In about half of cases, placental abruption is mild and can be managed
by ongoing close monitoring of the mother and baby. About 25 per cent of
cases are moderate, while the remaining 25 per cent threaten the life of both
baby and mother.

Placental abruption is suspected when a pregnant mother has sudden


localized abdominal pain with or without bleeding. The fundus may be
monitored because a rising fundus can indicate bleeding.
An ultrasound may be used to rule out placenta praevia but is not diagnostic
for abruption. The diagnosis is one of exclusion, meaning other possible
sources of vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain have to be ruled out in order
to diagnose placental abruption.[5] Of note, use of magnetic resonance
imaging has been found to be highly sensitive in depicting placental
abruption, and may be considered if no ultrasound evidence of placental
abruption is present, especially if the diagnosis of placental abruption
would change management

Signs and Symptoms

In the early stages of placental abruption, there may be no symptoms.When


symptoms develop, they tend to develop suddenly.

Common symptoms include:

o sudden-onset abdominal pain


o contractions that seem continuous and do not stop
o vaginal bleeding
o enlarged uterus disproportionate to the gestational age of the fetus
o decreased fetal movement
o decreased fetal heart rate
o Vaginal bleeding may be bright red or dark.

A placental abruption caused by arterial bleeding at the center of the placenta leads to
sudden development of severe symptoms and life-threatening conditions including
fatal heart rate abnormalities, severe maternal hemorrhage, and disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC). Those abruptions caused by venous bleeding at the
periphery of the placenta develop more slowly and cause small amounts of
bleeding, intrauterine growth restriction, and oligohydramnios (low levels of amniotic
fluid)

Risk Factors
o Pre- eclampsia
o Chronic Hypertension
o Short Umbilical Cord
o Prolonged Rupture of Membranes ( more than 24 hours)
o Thrombophilia
o Multiparity
o Multiple Pregnancy
o Maternal age: Pregnant women who are younger than 20 or older than 35

III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY


A. Nursing Education

B. Nursing Practice

C. Nursing Research

IV. PATIENT PROFILE


A. Biographic Data
Name: XXX

Address: Sta. Barbara, Pangasinan

Birthday: February 22, 1991

Age: 28

Gender: Female

Civil Status: Married

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Jehovah Witness

Date and Time of Admission: February 12 2020, 10:30 AM

Chief Complaints: Vaginal Bleeding

Admitting Diagnosis: Placenta Previa

Admitting Physician: Dra. Luna

Attending Physician: Dra. F Caras

B. FAMILY DYNAMICS

Occupation: A cashier at their family business

Income: confidential

Number of Siblings: 7

Type of Family: nuclear


C. PATIENTS HISTORY
A. Present History

Case of Mrs. XXX, a 28 years old female from Sta. Barbara


Pangasinan. She was admitted due to Vaginal Bleeding. Upon
admission, patient was apparently complaining of Epigastric pain.

B. PAST HISTORY
Mrs. XXX was admitted last January due to frequent bleeding and
clots
C. FAMILY HISTORY

There’s no problem in the Family

D. DEVELOPMENTAL DATA

V. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY


VI. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
VII. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
The medical management of this case study focuses on the medical
interventions, specifically the doctor’s orders. The list of drugs used by the
patient is also included.
VIII. DRUG STUDY
IX. NURSING CARE PLAN
X. DISCHARGE PLANNING

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