pace.
You can also copy this exam and make a
Introduction print out.
Situation 1: After abdominal surgery, the
A 90-item examination about Medical-Surgical Nursing circulating and scrub nurses have critical
covering topics like: Perioperative Nursing, Diagnostic responsibility about sponge and instrument
Procedures, Melamine Contamination, Leukemia, count.
Breast Cancer, Radiation Therapy and among others. 1. Counting is performed thrice: during the
This 90-item examination will help you practice for preincision phase, the operative phase and
your upcoming NCLEX or NLE exams! closing phase. Who counts the sponges,
needles and instruments?
Topics A. The scrub nurse only
B. The circulating nurse only
Topics or concepts included in this exam are:
C. The surgeon and the assistant surgeon
D. The scrub nurse and circulating nurse.
Perioperative Nursing
2. The layers of the abdomen are divided into 5.
Collecting Specimen
Arrange the following from the first layer going
Diagnostic Procedures
to the deepest layer:
Melamine Contamination
1. Fascia
Leukemia
2. Muscle
Breast Cancer
3. Peritoneum
Mastectomy
4. Subcutaneous/Fat
Radiation Therapy
5. Skin
Burn Injury
A.5,4,3,2,1
Colostomy Care
B.5,4,2,1,3
Hyperthyroidism
C.5,4,1,3,2,
D.5,4,1,2,3
Guidelines 3. When is the first sponge instrument count
reported?
Read each question carefully and choose
A. Before closing the subcutaneous layer
the best answer.
B. Before peritoneum is closed
You are given one minute per question.
C. Before closing the skin
Spend your time wisely!
D. Before the fascia is sutured
Answers and rationales (if any) are given
4. Like any nursing intervention, counts should
below. Be sure to read them.
be documented. To whom does the scrub nurse
If you need more clarifications, please
report any discrepancy of counts so that
direct them to the comments section.
immediate and appropriate action is instituted?
n Text Mode: All questions and answers are
A. Anaesthesiologist
given for reading and answering at your own
B. Surgeon
C. OR nurse supervisor A. Before retiring at night
D. Circulating nurse B. Upon waking up in the morning
5. Which of the following are 2 interventions of C. Anytime of the day.
the surgical team when an instrument was D. Before meal
confirmed missing? 9. When suctioning the endotracheal tube, the
A. MRI and Incidence report nurse should:
B. CT Scan, MRI, Incidence Report A. Explain procedure to patient: Insert
C. X-ray, and Incidence Report catheter gently applying suction. Withdrawn
D. CT scan and Incidence Report using twisting motion.
Situation 2: An entry level nurse should be B. Insert catheter until resistance is met; then
able to apply theoretical knowledge in the withdraw slightly, applying suction
performance of the basic nursing skills. intermittently as catheter is withdrawn.
6. A client has an indwelling urinary catheter C. Hyperoxygenate client insert catheter using
and she is suspected of having back and forth motion
urinary infection. How should you collect D. Insert suction, catheter four inches into the
a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity? tube, suction 30 seconds using twirling motion
A. Clamp tubing for 60 minutes and insert a as catheter is withdrawn.
sterile needle into the tubing above the clamp 10. The purpose of NGT IMMEDIATELY after
to aspirate urine. operation is:
B. Drain urine from the drainage bag into the A. For feeding or gavage
sterile container B. For gastric decompression
C. Disconnect the tubing from the urinary C. For lavage, or the cleansing of
catheter and let urine floe into a sterile the stomach content
container D. For the rapid return of peristalsis
D. Wipe the self sealing aspirations port with Situation 3: Mr. Santos, 50, is to undergo
antiseptic solution and insert a sterile needle cystoscopy due to multiple problems like
into the self sealing self-sealing port. scantly urination, hematuria, and dysuria.
7. To obtain specimen for sputum culture and 11. You are the nurse in charge of Mr. Santos.
sensitivity, which of the following instruction is When asked what are the organs to be
best? examined during cystoscopy, you will
A. Upon waking up, cough deeply and enumerate as follows:
expectorate into container A. Urethra, Kidney, Bladder
B. Cough after pursed lip breathing B. Urethra, Bladder wall, trigone, urethral
C. Save sputum for two days in covered opening
container C. Bladder wall, uterine wall and urethral
D. After respiratory treatment, expectorate opening
into a container D. Urethral opening, urethral opening bladder.
8. The best time for collecting the sputum
specimen for culture:
12. You are the nurse in charge of Mr. Santos. A. Light yellow
How should you position the patient during B. Amber
cystoscopy? C. Bright red
A. Supine D. Pinkish to red
B. Lithotomy 17. The purpose of the
C. Semi-fowler continuous bladder irrigation is to:
D. Trendelenburg A. Allow continuous monitoring of the fluid
13. After cystoscopy, Mr. Santos asked you to output status
explain why there is no incision of any kind. B. Provide continuous flushing of clots and
What do you tell him? debris from the bladder
A. Cystoscopy is direct visualization and C. Allow for proper exchange of electrolytes
examination by urologist D. Ensure accurate monitoring of intake and
B. Cystoscopy is done by x-ray visualization of output
the urinary tract 18. Mang Felix informs you that he feels some
C. Cystoscopy is done by using lasers on the discomfort on the hypogastric area and he has
urinary tract to void. What will be your most appropriate
D. Cystoscopy is an endoscopic procedure of action?
the urinary tract A. Remove his catheter then allow him to void
14. Within 24-48 hours post cystoscopy, it is his own
normal to observe one of the following: B. Irrigate his catheter
A. Pink-tinged urine C. Tell him “Go ahead and void. You have an
B. Distended bladder indwelling catheter”
C. Signs of infection D. Assess color and rate of outflow, if there is a
D. Prolonged hematuria change refer to urologist for possible irrigation
15. Leg cramps are NOT uncommon post 19. You decided to check on Mang Felix’s IV
cystoscopy. Nursing intervention includes: fluid infusion. You noted in flow rate, pallor and
A. Bed rest coldness around the insertion site. What is your
B. Warm moist soak assessment finding?
C. Early ambulation A. Phlebitis
D. Hot sitz bath B. Infiltration to subcutaneous tissue
Situation 4 – Mang Felix, a 79 year old man C. Pyrogenic reaction
who is brought to the Surgical Unit from PACU D. Air embolism
after a transurethral resection. You are 20. Knowing that proper documentation of
assigned to receive him. You noted that he has assessment findings and interventions share
a 3-way indwelling catheter for continuous fast important responsibilities of the nurse during
dip bladder irrigation which is connected to a first postoperative days, which of the following
straight drainage. is the LEAST relevant to document in the case
16. Immediately after surgery, what would you of Mang Felix?
expect his urine to be?
A. Chest pain and vital signs 24. Infants are the most vulnerable to
B. Intravenous infusion rate melamine poisoning. Which of the following is
C. Amount, color and consistency of bladder NOT a sign of melamine poisoning?
irrigation drainage A. Irritability, Backache, Urolithiasis
D. Activities of daily living started B. High blood pressure, fever
Situation 5: Melamine contamination in milk C. Anuria, Oliguria or Hematuria
has brought world wide crisis both in the milk D. Fever, Irritability and a large output of
production sector as well as the health and diluted urine
economy. Being aware of the current events is 25. What kind of renal failure from melamine
one quality that a nurse should possess to poisoning cause?
prove that nursing is a dynamic profession that A. Chronic Prerenal
will adapt depending on the patient’s needs. B. Acute, Postrenal
21. Melamine is a synthetic resin used for C. Chronic, Intrarenal
whiteboards, hard plastics and jewellery box D. Acute, Prerenal
covers due to its fire retardant properties. Milk Situation: Leukemia is the most common type
and food manufacturers add melamine in order of childhood cancer. Acute
to: Lymphoid Leukemia is the cause of almost 1/3
A. It has a bacteriostatic property leading to of all cancer that occurs in children under age
increase food and milk life as a way of 15.
preserving the foods. 26. The survival rate for Acute
B. Gives a glazy and more edible look on foods Lymphoid Leukemia is approximately:
C. Make milks more tasty and creamy A. 25 %
D. Create an illusion of a high protein content B. 40 %
on their products C. 75 %
22. Most of the milks contaminated by D. 95 %
melamine came from which country? 27. Whereas acute non lymphoid leukaemia has
A. India survival rate of:
B. China A. 25 %
C. Philippines B. 40 %
D. Korea C. 75 %
23. Which government agency is responsible D. 95 %
for testing the melamine content of foods and 28. The three main consequence of leukaemia
food products? that cause the most danger is:
A. DOH A. Neutropenia
B. MMDA causing infection, anemia causing impaired
C. NBI oxygenation and thrombocytopenia leading
D. BFAD to bleeding tendencies.
B. Central nervous system
infiltration, anemia causing impaired
oxygenation and thrombocytopenia leading C. Increasing age
to bleeding tendencies. D. Prolonged intake of tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
C. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, fractures 32. Protective factors for the development of
D. Invasion by the leukemic cells to the bone breast cancer includes which of the following
causing severe bone pain EXCEPT:
29. Gold standard in the diagnosis of leukaemia A. Exercise
is by which of the following? B. Prophylactic Tamoxifen
A. Blood culture and sensitivity C. Breast Feeding
B. Bone marrow biopsy D. Alcohol intake
C. Blood biopsy 33. A patient diagnosed with breast cancer has
30. Adriamycin, Vincristine, Prednisone and been offered the treatment choices of breast
L asparaginase are given to the client for long conservation surgery with radiation or a
term therapy. One common side effect, modified radical mastectomy. When
especially of adriamycin is alopecia. The child questioned by the patient about these options,
asks: “ Will I get my hair back once again?” The the nurse informs the patients that the
nurse respond is by saying: lumpectomy with radiation.
A. “Don’t be silly, of course you will get your A. Reduces the fear and anxiety that
hair back.” accompany the diagnosis and treatment of
B. “We are not sure, let’s hope it’ll grow.” cancer
C. “This side effect is usually permanent, but I B. Has about the same 10 years survival rate as
will get the doctor to discuss it for you.” the modified radical mastectomy
D. “Your hair will regrow in 3 -6 months but of C. Provides shorter treatment period with a
different color, usually darker and of different fewer long term complications
texture.” D. Preserves the normal appearance and
Situation: Breast cancer is the 2nd most sensitivity of the breast
common type of cancer after lung cancer and 34. Carmen, is asking the nurse the most
99% of which, occurs in women. Survival rate appropriate time of the month to do her self-
is 98% if this is detected early and treated examination of the breast. The MOST
promptly. Carmen is a 53 year old patient in appropriate reply by the nurse would be:
the high risk group for breast cancer was A. the 26th day of menstrual cycle
recently diagnosed with Breast Cancer. B. 7 – 8 days after conclusion of the menstrual
31. All of the following are factors that said to period
contribute to the development of breast cancer C. During her menstruation
EXCEPT: D. the same day each month
A. Prolonged exposure to estrogen such as an 35. Carmen being treated with radiation
early menarche or late menopause, nulliparity therapy. What should be included in the plan of
and children after age 30. care to minimize skin damage from the
B. Genetics radiation therapy?
A. Cover the areas with thick clothing materials small folded towel under the client’s left
B. Apply a heating pad to the site shoulder is to:
C. Wash skin with water after therapy A. bring the breast closer to the examiner’s
D. Avoid applying creams and powder to the right hand
area. B. tense the pectoral muscle
36. Based on the DOH and World Health C. balance the breast tissue more evenly on
Organization (WHO) guidelines, the mainstay the chest wall
for early detection method for breast cancer D. facilitate lateral positioning of the breast
that is recommended for developing countries Situation – Radiation therapy is another
is: modality of cancer management. With
A. a monthly breast self examination (BSE) and emphasis on multidisciplinary management
an annual health worker breast examination you have important responsibilities as a nurse
(HWBE) 41. Albert is receiving external radiation
B. an annual hormone receptor assay therapy and he complains of fatigue and
C. an annual mammogram malaise. Which of the following nursing
D. a physician conduct a breast clinical interventions would be most helpful for Albert?
examination every 2 years A. Tell him that sometimes these feelings can
37. The purpose of performing the breast self be psychogenic
examination (BSE) regularly is to discover: B. Refer him to the physician
A. fibrocystic masses C. Reassures him that these feelings are
B. cancerous lumps normal
C. areas of thickness or fullness D. Help him plan his activities
D. changes from previous BSE 42. Immediately following the radiation
38. If you are to instruct a postmenopausal teletherapy, Albert is:
woman about BSE, when would you tell her to A. Considered radioactive fro 24 hours
do BSE: B. Given a complete bath
A. on the same day of each month C. Placed on isolation for 6 hours
B. right after the menstrual period D. Free from Radiation
C. on the first day of her menstruation 43. Albert is admitted with a radiation induced
D. on the last day of her menstruation thrombocytopenia. As a nurse you should
39. During breast self-examination, the purpose observe the following symptoms:
of standing in front of the mirror it to observe A. Petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis
the breast for: B. Weakness, easy fatigability, pallor
A. thickening of the tissue C. Headache, dizziness, blurred vision
B. axillary D. Severe sore throat, bacteremia,
C. lumps in the breast tissue hepatomegaly
D. change in size and contour 44. What nursing diagnosis should be the
40. When preparing to examine the left breast highest priority?
in a reclining position, the purpose of placing a
A. Knowledge deficit regarding A. Wound healing
thrombocytopenia precautions B. Reconstructive surgery
B. Activity intolerance C. Emotional support
C. Impaired tissue integrity D. Fluid resuscitation
D. Ineffective tissue perfusion, peripheral, 50. While in the emergent phase, the nurse
cerebral, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal knows that the priority is to:
45. What intervention should you include in A. Prevent infection
your care plan? B. Control pain
A. Inspect his skin for petechiae, bruising, C. Prevent deformities and contractures
GI bleeding regularly D. Return the hemodynamic stability via fluid
B. Place Albert on strict isolation precaution resuscitation
C. Provide rest in between activities 51. The MOST effective method of
D. Administer antipyretics if his temperature delivering pain medication during the emergent
exceeds 38 C phase is:
Situation: Burn is cause by transfer of heat A. intramuscularly
source to the body. It can be thermal, B. subcutaneously
electrical radiation or chemical. C. orally
46. A burn characterized by pale, white D. intravenously
appearance, charred or with exposed and 52. When a client accidentally splashes
painlessness: chemicals to his eyes. The initial priority care of
A. Superficial partial thickness burn the following the chemical burns is to:
B. Deep partial thickness burn A. irrigate with normal saline for 1 to 15
C. Full thickness burn minutes
D. Deep full thickness burn B. transport to a physician immediately
47. Which of the following BEST describes C. irrigate with water for 15 minutes or longer
superficial partial thickness burn or first D. cover the eyes with a sterile gauze
degrees burn? 53. Which of the following can be fatal
A. Structures beneath the skin and damage complication of upper airway burns?
B. Dermis is partially damaged A. stress ulcers
C. Epidermis and dermis are both damaged B. hemorrhage
D. Epidermis is damaged C. shock
48. A burn that is said to be “WEEPING” is D. laryngeal spasm and swelling
classified as: 54. When a client will rush towards you and he
A. Superficial partial thickness burn has burning clothes on, it is your priority to do
B. Deep partial thickness burn which of the following first?
C. Full thickness burn A. log roll on the grass/ground
D. Deep full thickness burn B. slap the flames with his hands
49. During the Acute Phase of the burn injury, C. Try to remove the burning clothes
which of the following is a priority? D. Splash the client with 1 bucket of cool water
55. Once the flames are extinguished, it is most 59. The doctor incorporated insulin on the
important: client’s fluid during the emergent phase. The
A. cover client with warm blanket nurse knows that insulin is given because:
B. Give him sips of water A. Clients with burn also develops Metabolic
C. Calculate the extent of this burns Acidosis
D. Assess the Sergio’s breathing B. Clients with burn also
56. During the first 24 hours after thermal develops hyperglycemia
injury, you should assess Sergio for: C. Insulin is needed for additional energy and
A. hypokalemia and hypernatremia glucose burning after the stressful incidence to
B. hypokalemia and hyponatremia hasten wound healing, regain of consciousness
C. hyperkalemia and hyponatremia and rapid return of hemodynamic stability.
D. hyperkalemia and hypernatremia D. For hyperkalemia
57. A client who sustained deep partial 60. The IV fluid of choice for burn as well
thickness and full thickness burns of the face, as dehydration is:
whole anterior chest and both upper A. 0.45% NaCl
extremities two days ago begins to exhibit B. NSS
extreme restlessness . You recognize that this C. Sterile water
most likely indicates that the client is D. D5LR
developing: Situation: ENTEROSTOMAL THERAPY is now
A. Cerebral hypoxia considered a specialty in nursing. You are
B. Hypervolemia participating in the OSTOMY CARE CLASS.
C. Metabolic acidosis 61. You plan to teach Fermin how to irrigate
D. Renal failure the colostomy when:
58. A 165 lbs trauma client was rushed to the A. The perineal wound heals And Fermin can
emergency room with full thickness burns on sit comfortably on the commode
the whole face, right and left arm, and at the B. Fermin can lie on the side comfortably,
anterior chest sparing the abdominal area. He about the 3rd postoperative day
also has superficial partial thickness burn at the C. The abdominal incision is closed and
posterior trunk and at the half upper portion of contamination is no longer a danger
the left leg. He the emergent phase D. The stools starts to become formed, around
of burns using the parkland’s formula, you the 7th postoperative day
know that during the first 8 hours of burn the 62. When preparing to teach Fermin how to
amount of fluid will be given is: irrigate colostomy, you should plan to do the
A. 5, 400ml procedure:
B. 10,500 ml A. When Fermin would have normal bowel
C. 9,450 ml movement
D. 6,750 ml B. At least 2 hours before visiting hours
C. Prior to breakfast and morning care
D. After Fermin accepts alteration in body 66. Critically ill patient frequently complain
image about which of the following when
63. When observing a return demonstration of hospitalized?
a colostomy irrigation, you know that more A. Hospital report
teaching is required if Fermin: B. Lack of blankets
A. Lubricates the tip of the catheter prior to C. Lack of privacy
inserting into the stoma D. Inadequate nursing staff
B. Hangs the irrigating bag on the bathroom 67. Who of the following is at greatest risk of
door cloth hook during fluid insertion developing sensory problem?
C. Discontinues the insertion of fluid after only A. Female patient
500 ml of fluid has been instilled B. Adolescent
D. Clamps of the flow of fluid when feeling C. Transplant patient
uncomfortable D. Unresponsive patient
64. You are aware that teaching about 68. Which of the following factors may inhibit
colostomy care is understood when Fermin learning in critically ill patients?
states, “I will contact my physician and report: A. Gender
A. If I have any difficulty inserting the irrigating B. Medication
tube into the stoma.” C. Educational level
B. If I noticed a loss of sensation to touch in D. Previous knowledge of illness
the stromal tissue.” 69. Which of the following statements does not
C. The expulsion of flatus while the irrigating apply to critically ill patients?
fluid is running out.” A. Majority need extensive rehabilitation
D. When mucus is passed from the stoma B. All have been hospitalized previously
between the irrigations.” C. Are physically unstable
65. You would know after teaching Fermin that D. Most have chronic illness.
dietary instruction for him is effective when he 70. Families of critically ill patients desire which
states, “It is important that I eat: of the following needs to be met first by the
A. Soft food that are easily digested and nurse?
absorbed by my large intestines.” A. Provision of comfortable space
B. Bland food so that my intestines do not B. Emotional support
become irritated.” C. Updated information on the client’s status
C. Food low in fiber so that there is less stool.” D. Spiritual counselling
D. Everything that I ate before the operation, Situation: Johnny, sought consultation to the
while avoiding foods that cause gas.” hospital before
Situation: Based on studies of nurses working 71. His diagnosis was hyperthyroidism, the
in special units like the intensive care unit and following are expected symptoms except:
coronary care unit it is important for nurses to A. Anorexia
gather as much information to be able to B. Palpitation
address their needs for nursing care.
C. Fine tremors of the hand A. Rate of respiration under different condition
D. Hyper alertness of activities and rest
72. He has to take drugs to treat B. Amount of oxygen consumption under
hyperthyroidism, which of the following will resting condition over a measured period of
you not expect that the doctor will prescribe? time
A. Colace (Docusate) C. Amount of oxygen consumption under
B. Cytomel (Liothyronine) stressed condition over a measured period of
C. Tapazole time
D. Levothyroxine D. Ratio of respiration to pulse rate over a
73. The nurse knows that Tapazole has which of measured period of time
the following side effect that will warrant 78. Her physician ordered Lugol’s solution in
immediate withholding of the medication? order to:
A. Death A. Decrease the vascularity and size of the
B. Sore throat thyroid gland
C. Hyperthermia B. Decrease the size of the thyroid gland only
D. Thrombocytosis C. Increase the vascularity and size of the
74. You asked questions as soon as she thyroid gland
regained consciousness from thyroidectomy D. Increase the size of the thyroid gland only
primarily to assess the evidence of: 79. Which of the following is a side effect of
A. Thyroid storm Lugol’s solution?
B. Mediastinal shift A. Hypokalemia
C. Damage to the laryngeal nerve B. Nystagmus
D. Hypocalcemia tetany C. Enlargement of the Thyroid gland
75. Should you check for hemorrhage, you will: D. Excessive salivation
A. Slip your hand under the nape of her neck 80. In administering Lugol’s solution, the
B. Check for hypotension precautionary measure should include:
C. Apply neck collar to prevent haemorrhage A. Administer with glass only
D. Observe the dressing if is soaked with blood B. Dilute with juice and administer with a
76. Basal Metabolic rate is assessed on Johnny straw
to determine his metabolic rate. In assessing C. Administer it with milk and drink it
the BMR using the standard procedure, you D. Follow it with milk of magnesia
need to tell Johnny that: Situation: Pharmacological treatment was not
A. Obstructing his vision effective for Johnny’s hyperthyroidism and
B. Restraining his upper and lower extremities now he is scheduled for Thyroidectomy.
C. Obstructing his hearing 81. Instruments in the surgical suite for surgery
D. Obstructing his nostril with a clamp is classified as either CRITICAL, SEMI CRITICAL
77. The BMR is based on the measurement and NON CRITICAL. If the instrument are
that: introduced directly into the blood stream or
into any normally sterile cavity or area of the B. Apply gentle pressure against the incision
body it is classified as: when swallowing
A. Critical C. Cough and deep breathe every hours
B. Semi critical D. Support head with the hands when
C. Non critical changing position
D. Ultra critical Situation – Andrea is admitted to the ER
82. Instruments that do not touch the patient following an assault where she was hit on the
or have contact only to the intact skin is face and head. She was brought to the ER by a
classified as: police woman. Emergency measures were
A. Critical stated.
B. Semi critical 87. Andrea’s respiration is described as waxing
C. Non critical and waning. You know that this rhythm of
D. Ultra critical respiration is defined as:
83. If an instrument is classified as Semi Critical A. Biot’s
an acceptable method of making the B. Kussmaul’s
instrument ready for surgery is through: C. Cheyne Stokes
A. Sterilization D. Eupnea
B. Decontamination 88. What do you call the triad of sign and
C. Disinfection symptoms seen in a client with increasing ICP?
D. Cleaning A. Virchow’s Triad
84. While critical items and should be: B. The Chinese triad
A. Clean C. Cushing’s Triad
B. Decontaminated D. Charcot’s Triad
C. Sterilized 89. Which of the following is true with the
D. Disinfected Cushing’s Triad seen in head injuries?
85. As a nurse, you know that intact skin as an A. Narrowing of Pulse Pressure, Cheyne stokes
effective barrier to most microorganisms. respiration, Tachycardia
Therefore, items that come in contact with the B. Widening Pulse pressure, Irregular
intact skin or mucous membranes should be: respiration, Bradycardia
A. Disinfected C. Hypertension, Kussmaul’s respiration,
B. Sterile Tachycardia
C. Clean D. Hypotension, Irregular respiration,
D. Alcoholized Bradycardia
86. You are caring for Johnny who is scheduled 90. In a client with a Cheyne stokes respiration,
to undergo total thyroidectomy because of a which of the following is the most appropriate
diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Prior to total nursing diagnosis?
thyroidectomy, you should instruct Johnny to: A. Ineffective airway clearance
A. Perform range and motion exercise on the B. Ineffective breathing pattern
head or neck
C. Impaired gas exchange Here are the answers for the exam.
D. Activity Intolerance Unfortunately, rationales are not given. If you
Answers need clarifications or disputes, please direct
them to the comments section and we’ll be
glad to give you an explanation.
1. D 32. D 63. B
2. D 33. D 63. A
3. B 34. B 64. A
4. B 35. D 65. D
5. C 36. A 66. C
6. D 37. D 67. D
7. A 38. A 68. B
8. B 39. D 69. B
9. B 40. C 70. B
10. B 41. D 71. A
11. C 42. D 72. A
12. B 43. A 73. B
13. D 44. C 74. C
14. A 45. A 75. A
15. B 46. C 76. D
16. D 47. B 77. B
17. B 48. B 78. A
18. D 49. A 79. D
19. B 50. D 80. B
20. D 51. D 81. A
21. D 52. C 82. C
22. B 53. D 83. C
23. D 54. A 84. C
24. D 55. D 85. A
25. B 56. C 86. D
26. C 57. A 87. C
27. B 58. A 88. C
28. A 59. D 89. B
29. B 60. D 90. B
30. D 61. D
31. D 62. A