ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
WIRE ROPES
Uses of Wire Ropes:
- elevators, hoists, drilling, conveyors, tramways,
haulage devices, suspension cables, guy wires, etc.
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Construction of Wire Ropes:
a) Regular lay - the wires and strands are twisted in
opposite direction.
b) Lang lay - the wires and strands are twisted in the
same direction.
Note:
Lang lay rope displays as much as 15 – 20 % superiority over regular lay rope
in terms of fatigue and wear resistance. This superiority results from:
1. the fact that smaller geometry – dictated bending strains are induced in
the exposed outer wires of lang lay rope as the rope passes around a drum or
sheave, resulting in lower cyclic bending stresses and longer fatigue life.
2. the fact that geometry – dictated contact areas between individual wires
of the rope are larger for lang lay rope; hence the contact pressure is lower
and longer wear life results.
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Typical core constructions:
> FC – fiber core
> IWRC – independent wire rope core
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Materials for Wire Ropes:
> high-carbon steel
> iron Grades of Wire Rope Materials:
> stainless steel > TS – traction steel
> Monel > MPS – mild plow steel
> PS – plow steel
> bronze
> IPS – improved plow steel
> EIPS – extra improved plow
steel
> EEIPS – extra, extra improved
plow steel
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Recommended Factor of Safety:
>based on ultimate strength from Spotts
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Design Calculations:
Stresses that may play a role in a wire rope
selection include:
1. Direct tensile stress in the wires of the rope
2. Bending stress in the wires, induced by
bending of the rope around drums or sheaves
3. Compressive stress(Pressure) between the
rope and the drum or sheave
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Direct Tensile Stress, St
St = F/Ar
Where:
F = resultant tensile force on the roope, lb
Ar = approximate metallic cross-sectional area of the
rope as a function of rope diameter dr, in2 (refer to Table
17.9, Collins)
Force components that may contribute to resultant tensile force, F
include:
1. Load to be lifted
2. Weight of the rope
3. Inertial effects arising from accelerating the load from a resting
velocity of zero to the specified operational lifting velocity
4. Impact loading
5. Frictional resistance
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
from Mechanics
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
where:
M = applied moment
Er = modulus of elasticity
Iw = area moment of inertia of the wire
ρ = radius of curvature of bent rope
ds = diameter of sheave or drum
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Factor of Safety:
- based on static approach
Fatigue Failure:
-Solve for fatigue strength parameter, from Fig. 17.30,
Faires
- and determine the number of bends to failure or size
of the wire
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Example:
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Example:
In a high rise building, the elevator rises 1000 ft
with an operating speed of 15 ft/sec and
reaches full speed in 35 ft. The loaded elevator
weighs 4000 lb. Assume a drive of 6 x 19 IPS
and 36 in sheaves, determine the number of 5/8
in ropes required.
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Example:
What diameter of 6 x 19, IPS wire rope required for a 5-
ton load supported on 8 lines? Compute for long life and
continuous operation. b)What is the permissible static
load for the rope for a factor of safety of 6? c) If the rope
is always loaded to the full static value, find the number
of bends using minimum size pulley which the rope can
sustain before fatigue failure maybe expected. On the
basis of 100 bends per working day. What would be the
expected life of the cable? d) What minimum size sheave
would be required for the rope to be free from fatigue if
operation takes place at the static load value?
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Recommended Factor of Safety:
>based on ultimate strength from Spotts
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Source: Machine Elements in Mechanical Design by Mott, et al.
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Source: Machine Elements in Mechanical Design by Mott, et al.
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Source: Machine Elements in Mechanical Design by Mott, et al.
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
Source: Machine Elements in Mechanical Design by Mott, et al.
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ME463 CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - UNIVERSITY
(1717) How It's Made - Industrial Wire Ropes - YouTube
machine design by rnavarro jr DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
