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Cell as The Basic Unit of Life ! Chapter : Cell As The Basic Unit of
Life
Topic : Cell - structure, function and
organization
2.1 Cell - Structure, Function and Organisation Form 1 Science

Related notes
Definition Introduction to Scientific Investigation
Cel is the basic unit that compose living things
Coordination and Response
Reproduction
The function of cell: Carry out all life's functions (growth, respiration and
Matter
excretion)
Periodic Table
Cells undergo a division process to form new cells and replace damaged cells
Air
Light and Optics
Plant Cell Earth

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Animal cell

Comparison between animal cells and plant cells

Animal cell Plant cell

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
No cell wall Has cell wall
No chloroplast Has chloroplast
No vacuole Has vacuole
No fixed shape Has fixed shape

Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms

Unicellular
Consist of only one cell
Unicellular in the animal kingdom:

Amoeba
Paramecium

Unicellular in plant kingdom

Chlamydomonas

Unicellular that has both plant and animals:

Euglena

Multicellular
Consist of more than one cell
Examples of multicellular organisms:

Human
Animals
Plants
Mucor
Spirogyra

The types and functions of Animal Cells

Contain long fibres that function to carry information in the form
Nerve cells of impulse to all parts of the body.

Have no nucleus.
Biconcave disc shaped to increase surface area
Contain haemoglobin that functions to transport oxygen to all
Red blood
parts of the body.
cells
Transport carbon dioxide from cells in all parts of the body to the
lungs.

Change their form to surround foreign particles and destroy

White blood
them.
cells
Sperms carry male genetic materials and an ovum carries
Reproductive
female genetic materials.
cells
Contract and relax muscles to enable movement.
Muscle cells
Form a layer that protects organs in the body. These cells also
Epithelium
secrete mucus.
cells

The types of cells in plants

Epidermal cells

Function to reduce water loss, allow gaseous exchange and absorption of

water and nutrient

Palisade cells

Contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight to carry out photosynthesis

Guard cells

Guard cells control the opening and closing of stoma. A stoma is a small pore
between the guard cells. The stoma is usually open during the day to carry out
photosynthesis. The stoma is closed at night or when the plant loses a lot of
water on a hot day

Root hair cells

Root hair cells increase the surface area to absorb more water and nutrient
from the soil

The order of cell organisation

Cell → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism

Cell organisation in animals and plants

Animals Plants
Epithelium cell Epidermal cell
Epithelium tissue Epidermal tissue
Stomach Leaf
Digestive system Transportation system
Organism Organism

Systems in the human body

Systems Explanation
Excretory
Removes excretory waste from the body.
system
Supports the body and protects the inner organs such as the lung
Skeletal system
and heart.
Lymphatic Drains lymphatic fluid into blood vessels to protect the body from
system infections of bacteria, virus and others
Digestive Breaks down complex food into simpler form so that it is more easily
system absorbed by the body
Muscular
Helps in the movements of the body and inner organs
system
Integumentary Protects the body from dehydration and regulates body
system temperature
Nervous Carries information from the brain to
system the entire body in the form of impulse
Blood
Transports necessary oxygen, nutrients and hormones to all parts of
circulatoy
the body
system
Respiratory
Absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide from the body.
system
Endocrine
Produces hormones required to coordinate reactions in the body
system
Reproductive
Produces sperms and ovum to produce offspring.
system

2.2 Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

Definition
Respiration can be divide into external respiration and internal respiration.

External respiration: involves exchange of gases between the organism and

environment

Cell respiration: oxidation process and break down glucose

Cell Repiration

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

Photosynthesis

Light energy
Carbon dioxide + Water ⟶ Glucose + Oxygen
Chlorophyll

Cell respiration Photosynthesis

Occur in mitochondria Occurs in chloroplast
Process to release energy Process to absorb energy
Uses chemical energy in food Uses energy from light
Occurs in humans, animals, plants and
Occurs in plants and microorganisms
microorganisms
Breaks down glucose to produce
Synthesises glucose
energy
Uses glucose and oxygen to produce
Uses carbon dioxide and water to produce
carbon
oxygen and glucose
dioxide, water and energy
Occurs at all times Occurs only in the presence of light

The process of cell respiration and photosynthesis complement each other:

Plants produce glucose and oxygen

All organisms use glucose and oxygen during respiration
All organisms produce carbon dioxide and water
Plants use carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis

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