Cloud Computing
Cloud-based software services typically mean that the consumer does not own the hardware and
software, but still gets the desired service. It is an IT delivery model that offers large-scale, shared
infrastructure and computing resources as a service through self-service pay-per use access.
An example is Salesforce.com, which from the inception offered a hosted Customer Relationship
Management (CRM) solution, while its established competitors (Siebel, SAP, PeopleSoft etc) had their
traditional (also called On Premise, meaning at the customer site in its dedicated environment) CRM
solution. Another reason is that software vendors started targeting a niche customer segment called
Small & Medium Business (SMB). SMB customers are relatively new in business, so need to establish the
core IT systems in place and also have lesser financial strength, as a result are more open towards cloud-
based solution.
An early example of cloud based computing is web-based emails (hotmail, yahoo, gmail etc), Chat (AOL,
MSN etc)
Key features of cloud computing are:
Infrastructure sharing: Cloud computing enables dynamic sharing of resources so that demands can be
met cost effectively.
Scalability: To handle ever increasing workload demands and support the entire enterprise, cloud
computing must have the flexibility to significantly scale IT resources.
Self service: Cloud computing provides customers with access to IT resources through service-based
offerings. The details of IT resources and their setup are transparent to the users.
Pay-per-use: Because cloud resources can be added and removed according to workload demand, users
pay for only what they use and are not charged when their service demands decrease.
Key benefits of Cloud-based solutions are:
Lower upfront cost to get started, lower time-to-market (as it takes less time to get a customer going on
a cloud solution), allows the company to focus on the core business and not worry about hiring and
constantly training its staff on the new technology etc.
On the flip side for a Cloud-based solution, certain segment of customers such as large Banks and
Financial institutions, Insurance companies may have security constraints in letting their data reside
outside its premises (in their own data centers).
Non-structured Design Paradigm
A non structured program usually consists of sequentially ordered statements, usually one in each line.
The lines are usually numbered or labeled to allow the flow of execution to jump to any line in program.
There is no concept of procedures in non structured program; hence there are no independent reusable
units in this programming paradigm. The program flow in non-structured programming would be as
follows: