Charles Lloyd James A. Frazier - i. ms eae aTPublished by Express Publishing Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury, Berkshire RGIS GHW Tel: (0044) 1635 817 363 Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463 e-mail: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk ‘nttp-//wwrn-expresspublishing.co.uk © Excress Publishing, 2011 Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2011 Color ilustrations: Victor @ Express Publishing, 2011 First published 201 ‘Third impression 2013 Made in EU Al rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. This book is not meant to be changed in any way. ISBN 978-1-78098-016-4 Acknowledgements Authors’ Acknowledgements We would lke to thank all the staff at Express Publishing who have contributed their skils to producing this bok. Thanks for their support and patience are due in particular to: Alex Newton (Editor in Chie!) ‘Sean Todd (senior editor}; Steve Miller (editorial assistant); Richard White (senior production controller), the Express design team; Sweetspot (recording producers). We would also like to thank those institutions ‘and teachers who piloted the manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the production of the book, Every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first ‘opportunity.Charles Lloyd James A. Frazier - 5. ms Express PublishingTable of Contents Unit 1 - What is engineering? Unit 2 - Shapes Unit 3 - Materials Unit 4 - Tools Unit 5 - Energy Unit 6 - Simple Machines Unit 7 - Working with numbers Unit 8 - Types of measurement Unit 9 - The scientific method Unit 10 ~ Safety precautions Unit 11 - Civil engineering Unit 12 - Chemical engineering Unit 13 - Mechanical engineering Unit 14 - Electrical engineering Unit 15 - Aerospace engineering Glossary 10 2 4 16 8 20 24 26 28 30 32 34What is engineering? Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 How does technology make your lite easier? 2 Why are mathematics and physics important? Reading @ Read this magazine article. Then, choose the correct answers. 1. What is the magazine article mainly about? A the importance of mathematics B the machines that engineers design ¢ the work and ideas in engineering D_ how new technologies change the world 2. According to the article, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an engineer's task? A design roadways B analyze machines © develop new ideas D create new materials 3. What can be inferred about students of engineering? A They take classes in physics. B They do not take classes in English, © They attend an extra year of college. D They design machines in class. Engineering Coma ee Cea a Corie ems cad aes ERE CMC nee acm) ona cee eee ee ae Rau eu Ded ae ence a noon Crem eee See es eo Romer We Mm Min eee ma seem uiaee URC Veena Poe heer Vocabulary © Check (v) the sentence that uses the underlined word correctly. 1 _A A machina is a branch of instruction or learning, — B To design something is to plan how it will look and funetion 2 — A To inspect something is to examine it carefully. B Mathematics is a science that studies matter. 3. — A Engineering is the study of quantity, structure, and change. —B To develop something is to create it or cause it to grow. 4 — A Technology is a type of machine that makes life easier. — B Physics is the art of using the knowledge gained by science, 5 _ A Amachine is a device that has multiple parts and does work. B A discipline is a person who applies scientific knowledge.@ Use the words from the word bank to fill in the blanks. engineering disciplines engineer phy: 1 Daniel wants to be a(n) investigates how mass and movernent interact. classes are for students who want to build structures. includes studying addition and division. This university offers degrees in many different © G Listen and read the article. How do engineers change our lives? Listening es rand fen to a conversation between an engin 2 new employee. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 _ The woman just left the engineering lab. 2 _ The woman is there to inspect a design. 3 __ The man designed the vehicle's engine. @ G@ Listen again and complete the conversation. ‘Engineer 1: Engineer 2 Engineer t: Engineer 2 Engineer t: Engineer 2: Engineer 1: Engineer 2: Excuse me. Do you know where the 1 lab is? ‘Absolutely. Right this way. Are you new here? ‘Yes. Im Sarah Gladstone, Im here to 2 companys new engine 3 ‘Nice to meet you. fm Bob Sanders. Im designing the vehicle thet the 4___is going into. | see. Hows it going? Protty well. But wo'e stil working on some of the 5 Well, some projects 6 oO the than others. Exactly. Here's the engineering lab. Good luck with your first day! Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. ay Im here to analyze the .. But were stil working on .. ‘Student A: You are a new ‘employee. Talk to Student B about: © location of a room © your project © Student B's project Make up a name for the ‘employee. Student B: You work with Student A, Answer his or her questions. Make up a name for the ‘employee. Writing @ You are an engineer. Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete a diary entry about your first day at a new job 100-120 words). Write abot ® someone you met and what they do ‘© what you are doing in your new job ® a room you were shown to © Use todays date.Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1. How do shapes relate to engineering? 2 What different shapes do engineers use to construct buildings? Reading @ Read this blog entry. Then, choose the correct answers. 1) What is the blog mainly about? ‘A how an ancient building was constructed B why shapes are important to architects © why students learn about geometric shapes D which shapes provide the best support 2 A.column is an example of a(n) A cylinder © square B oval D arch 3. Which shape is NOT used in the Coliseum? A asemi-cicle C a rectangle B anoval D acircle Vocabulary © Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). mmoomr on semi-circle 4 _ geometric —ellipse 5 —prism —rectangle 6 —vault a closed arc that resembles a fiat circle a shape with four sides and right angles a shape that has three dimensions a shape that is half of a circle relating to the study of shapes an arch that extends through a structureQ Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1 Meg's table is a round shape that is longer than itis wide, ° 2 The building is a shape with four equal sides. $__a.e 3. Many old buildings have curved shapes over the openings. Seah __ 4 Amy wants to be a parson who desians © @ Listen and read the blog. Why are shapes important nowadays? Listening © @ Listen to a conversation between an architect and her client. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 4 _ The woman sent the man building designs. 2 — The client wants a bigger room. 3 _ A vaulted ceiing saves energy. @ &@ Listen again and complete the conversation. Architect: Keystone Architecture. This is Don Client: Hi, Donna, it’s Jim North. fm calling about the 4 that you sent me. Aschitect: Is there a problem? Client: Well, !m wondering, why do we need the 2 ‘on the ceilings? Architect: Oh, vaulted ceilings create more 3 3 Client: So they make rooms look 4 __? Architect: Yes, exactly. The only downside is that they can 5 ‘energy costs. Client: In that case, fd rather go with flat cellings so were not 6 energy. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. Im caling about the . Why do we need the . The only downside is that .. Student A: Student B is an architect. Talk to him or her about the plans for your new building. Include: © ceiling design © space © energy usage Make up a name for the client. Student B: You are an architect designing Student A's new building. Answer Student A's questions, Make up a name for the architect Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the client's notes. — BUILDING DESIGN Question: Why have — Benefits:Materials There are three types of glass we could use: Standard Glass: $450/square foot. Coated Glass: $550/square foot. Blocks ultraviolet light. Wire Reinforced Glass: $6.75/square foot. Stronger and more decorative. The following types of steel are available: Standard Steel: $50/square foot. Stainless steel: $75/square foot Does not rust. Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, tal questions. 1. What kinds of material are in your 2 How do engineers decide what materials to use? Reading @ Read this bid sheet from a cons' Then, mark the following statem false (F). 1 2. __ Stainless steel costs more than 3 — Ceramic tiles are less decorative than porcelain tiles, co — Coated glass lets ultraviolet light in. | can give you a bid on lumber if you tell me what type you need. We have several options for concrete and tiles: Conerete: $8/square foot. Textured concrete: $16/square foot. Has a polished, decorative appearance. Tiles: Ceramic: $7/square foot. Porcelain: $15/square foot. More decorative than ceramic. Vocabulary © Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1 Ik about these home? Most toilets are made of a high quality form of ceramic, ows OSes Stool that does not rust or stain stays shiny for a long time, truction company, eae ents as true (T) or 2 sahelees The contractor needs wood that is used in construction, --m_—r Sidewalks are a material made and crushed roc! standard steelQ Match the words (1-7) with the definitions (A-G). 1 —coated 4 ceramic 2 —reinforced § _ textured 7 —dlass 3 _tile 6 _steel A covered by some type of material having details added to a surface 2 solid material made for materials such as clay 2 material that often covers walls or floors 8 ic D 2 solid, transparent material used in windows E F made stronger by some type of material s 2 strong material made mostly from iron © @ Listen and read the bid. How many types of concrete are available? Listening © @ Listen to a conversation between two engii ‘Choose the correct answers. 1 What is the conversation mainly about? A how expansive ceramic tiles are B why the budget is so low © which materials are affordable D where to buy cheaper materials, Which material wil be used? © stainless stool D porcelain A ceramic tiles B textured concrete ‘@ &@ Listen again and complete the conversation. Engineer Thet a little high Engineer 2: Yeah, but our budget might not 2. Engineer 1: Maybe we can make it cheaper. Let's look at some altemative 3 Exgineer 2 Okay. What materials are you thinking about changing? Exgineer i Well the estimate included 4 ‘Engineer 2: What's wrong with that? Porcelain ties 5 for the new office bukiing looks =) ‘Engineer: But they'e also really expensive. We could save money by getting 6. instead, Engineer 2: That's a good idea. Speaking Q With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. ay Let's look at some alterative: Its really expensive, Student A: You got @ high esstimate for a construction project. Takk to Student B about: © estimate and budget © material costs © materials to use Student B: You are an engineer. ‘Answer Student A's questions. Writing © Use the bid sheet and the conversation from Task 8 to complete the order form for your project. Make up a name for the engineer. anes MATERIALS ORDER = Engineer Name: —_ E Materials (Check box to order item) LAL BEE -e)wire stripper pliers INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAMP REPAIR 1 Secure the appliance in a vise to hold the lamp in place and free your hands. 2 Remove screws from the covering plate with a screwdriver or an electric drill. Remove the plate to reveal the wiring inside. 3 Locate the wiring causing the bad ‘connection. Using pliers, clip the faulty connection. 4 Strip the insulation from the faulty wire with a wire stripper. 5 Using the soldering iron, apply solder to the bare wires to make a new connection. 6 Replace the insulation and put the wire back into the lamp. 7 Put the plate back and replace the screws to seal the base. 8 Test the lamp to make sure it works. Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1. What jobs do different tools do? 2. Why isit important to have the right tools? Reading @ Read this section from an instruction manual. Then, choose the correct answers. 1) What are the instructions about? A instaling a vise B fixing faulty wiring instaling new appliances D safely using a soldering iron 2. According to the manual, what tool is used to clip wiring? A pliers © a.wire stipper B an electric drill Da soldering iron 3. What can you infer about the repair? A Its very dangerous. B It requires buying new wire. It fixes insulation problems D It assumes there is faulty wiring Vocabulary © Match the words (1-7) with the definitions (A-G). 1 _vise 5 — soldering iron 2 _wire stripper 6 —aril 3 _screw 7 —pliers 4 screwdriver makes holes or inserts and removes screws A B twisted by hand to insert or remove screws © used to grab, pull and cut objects D piece of metal used to E F 6 jen objects removes insulation from wiring holds an object in place and connects metal objects together@ Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. 4 Use the pliers to cut the wiring, A clip B iil ¢ strip 2 Use soft metal to fuse the wires. A vise B clip solder nove the cover from the wire. ip B strip ¢ Gril © G& Listen and read the instruction manual. What problem does the manual give instructions on how to fix? Listening G & Listen to a telephone conversation between an engineer and a shop owner. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). — The woman needs a soldering iron. — The woman is repairing a small circuit The owner offers two tool options. @ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. Quner Hell maam. Can help you tnd @) anything? = Eagineer: Yes.tm1 a soldering iron Quner: Okay. We have a few citferent models. Can | ask what youll be using it for? Engineer | need to repair some 2 ‘Quner: Well, we have tho Lanford 250 or the Hildale 400. Engineer: Okay. What's the 3__? ‘Quner: The Lanford 250 is for 4 wiring. The Hildale 400 is 5 small circuits, | think 6 : the Lanford, Speaking @ With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. Im looking for a ij Can I ask what youll be ..? What's the difference? Student A: You own a hardware store, Ask Student B questions to find out about: © tool needed © choices use of each tool Student B: You need a tool, Talk to Student A about which one to buy. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the engineer's notes. TOOLS RECOMMENDED Tool 1: Purpose:Energy | STRETCHING SEATBELT TEST: tae Abstract Background: Passengers who are riding in a car have Sy potential energy. In a crash, a car decelerates quickly. This ™ causes the passengers’ potential energy to become kinetic ‘energy. Passengers wearing seatbelts stop. With non-stretching seatbelts, the passenger's stopping distance is short. Stretching seatbelts increase this distance. The work-energy principle shows that a slightly greater stopping distance exerts less force on passengers. Results: Tests show that stretching seatbelts reduce the force and Gs that passengers feel Conclusions: The new seatbelts reduce injuries. = This is because less work is bee done on passengers: Instead) WF stopping distance most of the passenger's kinetic energy transfers to the i Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What types of energy are there? 2 How do engineers make cars safe? Vocabulary © Read the sentence pairs. Choose where the words Reading best fit in the blanks. @ Read this abstract from a 1 decelerat dist seatbelt test. Then, mark the oer — following statements as true ere nee Fe cancooeal he (1) or false (). Drivers _when they press the brakes, 1 _ Kinetic energy becomes 2 kinetic energy / potential energy potential energy in a crash A sill object has — 2 _. Shorter stopping distances ‘A moving object has exert less force on people. 3 __ Stretching seatbelts cause ShTotag / work less work to be done on When you kick a ball, the __ ‘moves it forward. ‘A machine does when it moves another object.@ Meich the words (1-4) with the definitions (A-D). 4 — abstract 36 4 _transfer 2 —wotk-energy principle mmary of an article, document, or other text fe from one object to another unit of force that equals the force of gravity " idea that a moving object's energy equals the distance it moves © G@ Listen and read the abstract. How do the new seatbelts reduce injuries? Listening BEES! Licten 10 a conversation between two engineers, Choose the correct answers. t is the conversation mostly about? A the drawbacks of longer stopping distances B the benefits of a new seatbelt design © the safety of non-stretching seatbelts D the failure of a new seatbelt design "@ woman thinks the new seatbelt will al the test next week ransfer potential eneray. shorten the stopping distance. be safer than the curent seatbelts. A 5 c D @ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. Engineer | hoard youre working onthe now soatbet designs Exgineer 2: Yes, | am. think I can make them 1___ ‘our current models. Engineer t: Really? How can you do that? Engineer 2: All| have to do is extend the 2—__ Engineer 1: How? Are you going to make the seatbelts stretch more? Exgineer 2: Yes, exactly. That way, the passengers 3__ willbe transferred to the 4 Engineer 1: ThasaS—____idea. Engineer 2: Yeah, | think itis, Were 6__itnext week. ct Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. How can you do that? 7 ‘Are you going to make the seatbelts ..? Were testing it next week. Student A: You have a new seatbelt design. Takk to Student B about © safety © stopping distance © energy transfer Student B: You are an engineer. Discuss the effects of the new seatbelt design with Student A Writing @ You are an engineer. Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete your notes on stretching seatbelts (100-120 words). Write about: © how to extend a pas: stopping distance © what effect this will have on energy transfer © how this will affect safety nger’sSTi CATT ty fen think of machines as large .s. However, there are yple machines that People oft complicated device: many types of sin people use every da¥. Inclined Plane - This machine is @ slanted ro ruse that makes it easier to move heavy loads. Screw - This machine Is tumed to wood easily. Lever - A lever creates leverage DI along arm against 2 fulcrum. Wedge - This machine can split objects and push apart the pieces. Wheel and Axle - This machine rls obie!s to reduce friction, pulley - A pulley is ike a wheel and axle. Ferses a rope wrapped around 2 wheel 10 raise and lower heavy objects. ail through yy turning Vocabulary Readi Match the words (1- pa ok (a5) rds (1-5) with the definitions Read thi: ae peat from a textbook. Then, 1 lever res or false (F), 1g statements as true (T) — simple machine 5 Res wheel and axl 1 _ Awedge makes 2 it ee easier to move heavy meacreacedad one pointed end ‘a machine with few or no moving parts an amount of weight that is lifted or carried a bar that rests on a fulcrum a circular object with a rod through it 2 _ Tumin — Turing a lever a friction. ee San ae 3 — Pulleys are used to lift and drop heavy items. moompr won 141 Use the words from the word bank to fill im the blanks. FS complicated pulley fulcrum leverage _ inclined plane A lever provides to lift heavy items. 2 =e is constructing a(n) with wheels and rope. Not all machines are & ramp with a high and low end is a(n) A lever requires a(n) © @ Listen and read the passage. What is = wedge used for? Listening 1D @ Listen to a conversation between a ‘stedent and teacher. Mark the following Stetements as true (T) or false (F). jeacher asks students to define simple chines. woman asks the teacher to define a pulley __ There is a simple machine just outside the @® @ Listen again and complete the conversation. +5 Paula. Did you have a question? ‘Yes. Did you say that people use ~ 1 every day? Yes. We all use them. Um, besides the 2 on my bike, | cant any. ‘Well, think about elevators. They use. 4 to raise and lower the car. 5 I never thought of tet And we have an 6 ‘ight outside this classroom. Bese Oh yesh, the wheelchair ramp. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. you have a question? 7 Well, think about ... I never thought of that. Student A: You are a teacher. Help a student think of simple machines used everyday. Include: © wheels © pulleys © inclined planes Make up @ name for your student. ‘Student B: You are a student. Talk to Student A about simple machines, Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the student's notes. Use today's date. Date: Examples of Simple Machines ‘Simple Machine: Example: Simple Machine: ——— Example: Simple Machine: Example:Working with numbers Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 2 What is meant by squaring, or cubing, a number? What are some types of numbers? Reading @ Read this guide to talking about numbers. Then, complete the chart. | symbot_— [Ho w itis Said | Example yb interpretation . 5+2=7 wate equals ‘vo ps two oc 5% _ peroent fve porcent 96, si tenths a fhe tenths ao ff 0.06 — eleven squared an five hundredths gic hunreaths | | 0.006 Vocabulary 005 fue thousandths gx thousandth #43 Match the words (1-6) with the ‘ive squared plus we detintions (AF) ae nea three 1 times 4 —cubed a cabal || necro ene 2 —percent 5 _ squared | 3 _ equals 6 —exponent ‘exponents: 408! 108! 107 ‘Wiper ap ee $2 on to heft power ‘A. multiplied twice by itselt a foie Kpower igntomesah gone | tonto B an amount out of 100 tonto te fourth power a number showing powers of multiplication = a sax D muitpied three times by tse ee E mutipied by sox 10! ——_scientic notation fhe pont thas Boe F is the same as1B Wet the word that is closest in meaning t= the underlined part. 4 The sample weighs 08 of a gram. Be. tt. re answer is 112X10°. ‘a —— The amount is off by just 0.004 te unas % The cesign must be accurate to 0.01 of an p--er -u-- = @ @ Listen and read the guide. How do yee say five tenths as a percentage? Listening @ @ Listen to a conversation between two secineers. Mark the following statements = tue (T) or false (F) — The woman found an error in the man's work, @ _ The woman reviewed the calculations twice, B — The eror was caused by an incorrect exponent. @ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. eget Kevin, could yout_ : at these numbers? Eager 2 Sure. Is there a problem? Eagiee t Yes. Ive checked the calculations twice but something is 2 Eagreer 2 OK Lets see _ um, right here you multiplied by ten to the 3__ agineer & Uh. yes, | cid. Is that wrong? Eegmeer 2 Well, look at the formula. Thats the wrong 4_____. You need to mutiply by 5 ninth power. Oh, I see. Youre right. Thank you. | don't know how | missed that. 6____. Hopefully that fixes it. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS: I've checked the calculations ... You multigiod by I don't know how | missed that. ‘Student A: You noticed an error in a calculation. Talk to Student 8 about: © your review © exponents © correct formula Make up a name for a co-worker. Student B: Your co-worker made a calculation error. Help Student A solve the problem. Writing © You are an engineer. Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the engineer's report (100-120 words). Write about: @ amistake you made © how it was corrected @ the resultBN SOM teeet inte Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What types of measurement systems are there? 2 Why do engineers label all measurements? “To: kvanderpol@amhemassociates.com From: rdegraaf@amhemassociates.com ‘Subject: Measurement confusion Karen, We have a problem with the project we're working on. The American engineer we are working with is using imperial measurements. This is incorrect. We all need to use the metric system. Please inform the American engineer of the following The pipes we are using are 45 meters (450 centimeters) each, not 4 feet, 5 inches. Also, each pipe holds 15 liters, not 15 gallons. And the weight of the frame is no more than 20 kilograms, instead of 20 pounds. Mistakes like this make a big difference. Someone needs to contact him about this. Rob Reading @ Read this email from an engineer to his co-worker. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 __ The engineers must use the imperial system, 2 — The pipes are 4 feet, 5 inches long. 3 _ The frame must weigh 20 kilograms or less. Vocabulary Q Use the words from the word bank to fill in the blanks. © Write a word that is similar in meaning to the _—— underlined part. word 1. The boy is over one hundred centimeters talll _@ __r meetiig gallons: 2 |s that 200 imperial weight measurements or kilograms? Bogert me p 1 Get seven of water. 3. There is only one thousand milliliters of soda left. __t__r 2 Daniel's design only weighs 4. The measurement is just one one-hundrecth of a meter off. seventeen selailstee 3 The system is used 5 The United States’ system of measurement uses gallons. noe Sejeclesyeton 4 That worm is less than a(n) 6 Aruler is a twelve inch length long. _ 0 tong 18© @ Listen and read the email. What was the source of the confusion? Listening 1B & Listen to a conversation between two engineers. Choose the correct answers. the conversation mainly about? surement confusion problem measurement conversion problem guage translation problem nufacturing problem hat can be inferred about the man? lans to make new pipes. 25 not have time to fix his mistake. ys works with European engineers. }ever used metric measurements ® @ Listen again and complete the conversation, JEpmem Holo, Timothy. We nood to tak) about the 1 — youre using. Okay. What's up? Well, youre using 2 measurements instead of 3____ measurements. (Oh, no! I cant believe | made such a ‘simple mistakel Its okay. There's plenty of time to fix it. Allright. So that means we need much 4___pipes, right? That's it. We need pipes that are 45 5___ not 4 feet, 5 ar I see. Sorry about allthis, | almost never work with the metric system! Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. We need to talk about the measurements y youre using. There's plenty of time to fix it. So that means we need ... right? Student A: You need to talk to a co-worker about measurements. Talk to Student B about: © incorrect measurements © correct measurements © solution Student B: You are an engineer. Answer Student A's questions. Writing © Use the email and the conversation from Task 8 to make a list of problems with the project. preblems Poa) Engineer 1 Name: — Engineer 2 Name; ——— Incorrect Measurements:Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 When do people use the scientific method? 2. Why is the scientific method important? dissipate, oF lo Why do they dissipate heat Some computer cases se, heat better than others: Reading @ Read this proposal form from an engineer. : Then, complete the table using information se from the proposal. i sis: The cases contain different propo: materials. Some of these materials hold heat no = in longer than others. E at: We are checking how well poration [S02 computer cases different materials dissipate heat. = | nodology: We sets Oa Hypothesis |S°™e Computer case materials metal cups. They are our variables. A plastic cup serves as the control. =, ae - cedure: Pour water into each on : a 7 aes Heat the water to 60 degrees Celsius. HE : mperature O ie minutes. Check the tem water again and record the data. ‘Analyze the eae data and present the results. © Match the words (1-6) with the defir (A). ions 1 _observation 4 _ analyze data 5 —control — variable 6 _ dissipate something that changes during an experiment a particular event or behavior that you witness to study something closely to learn more about it Our on something that does not change in an experiment something that you collect and study mo to slowly become less strong or disappear@ Wet s your attempt to explain this observation? A bypothesis B variable # Present the findings of your experiment. A chservations _B_ hypotheses = Sf exceriments begin with a question to answer, A control B problem @ @ Listen and read the proposal. What data wacorded? Listening @ teise (F). = _ The manager doesn't understand the problem, © — The manager suggests adding extra materials, 1 a ‘Gssipate heat, right? The problem and 2 ‘suggestion. ‘Sexe. What is it? Hows Maybe foam and rubber? ‘Well we know that rubber retains a lot of 5 6 materials to test. 1 roose the word that is closest in meaning to the anderiined part. © Feds performing a(n) scientific study. A problem B experiment © control @ Fiesse explain your process. A methodology —_B_ problem © hypothesis © experiment ¢ results © methodology Il be @ @ Listen to a conversation between an engineer and ‘i manager. Mark the following statements as true (T) __ The engineer agrees to test rubber as a variable, DS Listen again and complete the conversation. Ms Smith. Di you get a chance to review yg) ‘Un yes. You want to study how different materials. ‘Yes It could really help us design better computer cases. are clear. But I have a ‘other materials as 4__? But try to think of some other Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. Did you get a chance v It could really help. Ihave a suggestion. ‘Student A: You are submitting a proposal for an experiment. Talk to Student B about: ‘© the proposal form ‘© suggestions © variables Make up a name for your manager. Student B: You are Student A's manager. Answer his or her questions. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the manager's evaluation form. PROJECT PROPOSAL EVALUATION FORM |s problem clear? \s hypothesis clear? ‘Suggestion for experiment:The workplace is dangerous without proper care. Take the following precautions to prevent accidents and injury: avoid slips. Use caution when cleaning spils. Liquid on el equipment often causes shock trical Eating or drinking in the workplace is prohibited. Only use the fire extinguishers to put out fires. Spraying water or other materials spreads flames and causes burns. In case of injury, call paramedics. Treat mino wounds with first aid, Get read @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What are some ways to keep workplaces safe? 2 What should thera be to ensure safety at work? first aid) Reading @ Read the workplace poster. Then, choose the correct answers. 1 What is the poster about? A first aid procedures ( B safety in the workplace © how to use a fire extinguisher Vocabulary © Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). 1 _ gloves | D where to find gloves and goggles mae 2 What should employees do when they see a hazard? 3 goggles | A wear safety gear = 4 tun B call the paramedics we Q 5 __fire extinguisher | tell superior about it ye D get a fie extinguisher Tae 3 What can you infer about this workplace? ag Ban unwanted happening A Its fre extinguishers are new. © protect your hands B Its employees eat while working. D injury caused by electricity | C It provides safety for employees. E protect your eyes | D It has potentially dangerous equipment. F injury caused by a fireWB See ee words from the word bank to fill i te blanks. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, Ce based on task 7. Then switch roles. ion hazard injury prohibited first aid Tent Tati Te And then he slipped. Theyre a hazard. © Bear goggles is a safety © Sees are __in the construction meen oe open fames's a safety Student A: You are a supervisor, Ask Student —— B questions to find out about: # =e cntynceds __because his 1__ today? be The 2__7 Yes, of course. So3______happened? Well Charles was using the blowtorch. Wes he wearing 4 5 He was. Sut his hand slipped and ‘something on the table started ‘buming, He was trying to put it out smhen his shirt caught on fire. ‘OK end then he § ___ eo | Fight | got a fre extinguisher and 6__the fre. 23Civil engineering HOWARD « DAVIDSON job Title: Civil Engineer cocation: Dover, Kent, United Kingdom Company: Howard & Davidson Engineering Howard and Davidson Engineering is seeking a civil) engineer. Applicants need experience designing | many types of infrastructure. This includes: ‘Small-scale residential and commercial projec These serve individual clients. Large-scale municipal projects. These serve entire communities We work primariy with land development and ro construction projects. As such, we need someor with knowledge of the related water supply issu: Experience with making topographic models is pl Knowledge of updated construction techniques essential. We are looking to fil tis position quickly. | Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, elk about these questions. VOCabulary © Check (v) the sentence that 1 What do civil engineers do? iat do civil engineers do’ uses the underlined part 2. How do civil engineers help cities? earrecys ; 1 _A Scale projects involve Reading building bridges. @ Read this job posting. Then, choose the correct —B Topographical models answers. show areas’ terrain. 1. What is the posting mostly about? 2 A Municipal projects serve ‘Aa companys history communities B applicant qualifications —B Construction projects fix © number of positions available water supplies D hiring civil engineering firms 3 _ A Landdevelopment makee land more usable. — B Infrastructure projects develop maps of areas. 2 What is the company NOT looking for? A knowledge of water supply issues B experience making topographic models knowledge of new construction techniques a= ae eee D experience with large residential projects een ee —B Commercial projects are 3. What can be inferred about road construction projects? related to business. ‘A They often hav y often have water supply issues. 6 A pada leds B They are included in residential projects. conahnice Rontes © They are used to create topographic models, _e'peieuecon | D They take longer than land development removes structuresWe the words from the word bank to fill she blanks. TL water supply —_ infrastructure civil engineer scale road construction seenier wants to be ain) Satoes are part of actys Soy —_can harm thousands — often causes traffic to xin = —___ of this project is a= than the last one. @ sten and read the job posting. What ‘eepmrience and knowledge should the ‘Seccessful applicant have? @ “sien to a conversation between an ‘eesioye: and a job candidate. Mark the ‘Seliowng statements as true (T) or false (F). | — Peeroloyer decides to hire the candidate. @ — Te man is working on a housing serctopment ] — Deso Co works with municioal projects. '@ Usten again and complete the ‘camwersation. ‘So, where are you working now? fmat. with Design Co. see. What types of 2___ do ‘you do there? Mosty3______. (Okay. What are you 4 __ right now? ‘Great We work on those fatty often. Why ‘@> you want to leave your company? fd lke to work on 6 ___ ‘design projects. But Design Co doesn't Se them. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. ‘What types of projects do you do there? 4 Why do you want to leave your company? Td like to do some . projects. ‘Student A: You are interviewing a job candidate. Talk to Student B about: © experience © current projects ‘© reasons for leaving Student B: You are a job candidate. Answer Student A's questions Writing © Use the job posting and the conversation from Task 8 to write notes about the job interview you conducted. Make up a name for the candidate. JOB INTERVIEW NOTES Employer Name: Job Candidate Name: Experience: Current Projects:IMPROVING DIESEL Gary Flanders, a chemical engineer, changing how the country uses fuel. Most the country uses fossil fuels for energy. Gary making breakthroughs with alternative fuel. He's starting with diesel, which powers buses and trucks. He's working on a new fuel call jesel. Because it comes from plants instead of petroleum, its completely biodegradab and non-toxic. It is also 100% renewable. But some people don't like biodiesel. They sa that it requires too much farmland. Ar creating additional farmlands would destro animal habitats. Critics are also wort _ ‘ that farmers would grow crops fa Get ready! biodiesel instead of food. would cause food shortages. @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1. What is chemical engineering? 2 How does cherrical engineering affect the word? Reading Vocabulary @ Read this newspaper article about chemical © Match the words (1-7) with tt engineering. Then, choose the correct answers. itions (A-G). 1 What is the article about? 1 —diesel B the damage caused by fossil fuels 3 petroleum C the types of work chemical engineers do 4 _biodiese! D the risks and benefits of an alternative fuel 5 —renewable 2: Wha can your fr th ae Dens B Biodiesel is as poisonous as fossil fuels. A energy source made from C Crop shortages slow the spread of biodiesel. vegetables als/orienkriel tat D People use alternative fuels less than fossil fuels. Sacer | B Biodiesel has a renewable source, F fuel Used in big’énginesaa ad le ay vd Dy ad or is ‘Q Use the words from the word bank to fill in the blanks, wor DP TTR biodegradable fuel alternative fuel 1 Switch to a(n) like biodiesel 2 —___materials break down quickly. 3. Most cars today use gasoline for © @ Listen and read the article. Why are some people against biodiesel? Listening GB G Listen to a conversation between a chemical engineer and a reporter. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 _ The engineer admits that biodiesel has risks. 2 — Biodiesel can be made from non-food crops. 3 — Algae has failed as a source of biodiese! BD @ Listen again and complete the conversation. ee | Ronen So what do you think about the) : 1 ‘of biodiesel? - ‘What do you mean? aml Many cfitics say that 2___ will cause a food shortage. P18 . There are enough crops in the world to supply both food and fuel But as the population grows, 4 for both will increase, That's why wee starting to make biodiesel from § = Really? What crops are you using? Well, we've had 6 pornos ‘making biodiesel from algae. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. What do you think about . There are enough . What crops are you using? ‘Student A: You are a reporter. Ask Student 8 ‘questions to find out about © risks of biodiesel © food shortages ‘© non-food crops Student B: You are a chemical engineer. ‘Answer Student A's questions about biodiesel Writing © Use the newspaper article and the conversation from Task 8 to complete the reporter's notes. eS Interview with: About: Engineer's thoughts on risks: Altematives: — Having success with:Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What types of problems do mechanical engineers fix? 2. What kinds of computer methods do mechanical engineers use? SHARP & CO. ‘At Sharp & Co. we specialize in designing and building pressure vessels. We offer many kinds of services. These include: Creating a physical prototype of systems in the design phase Creating virtual models of systems with CAD (computer-aided design) Testing conditions with CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations Drafting of the mechanism Building parts to specifications using CAM (computer- aided manufacturing) Studying and testing of stresses Building a pressure vessel system requires expert skil and knowledge. Let our mechanical engineering team help build your system today. Please call or email us for more details. Reading @ Read this page from the website of a mechanical engineering firm. Then, read Vocabulary the summary of the passage. Fill in the @ Match the words (1-5) with the definitions blanks using words from the word bank. (Ae). 1 _crD 4 stress Ce word pressure vessel 5 __CAM cAD eis prototypes pressure = Sharp and Co. is a company tt 1 2 3 Aa container that holds liquid or gas 8 eer ea ome the use of computer technology to build vessels, The company offers a variaty of 3 i ates machines 's engineers make physical . of systems. And they also make virtual models of coe a Lorre aa eit ees Teas a systems using 4__. They build the parts of gases move the pressure vessel using 5 They also D using technology to create computer models test for 6 E a force that presses against an objectthe word that is similar in meaning Se enderlined part. iets of possible events test for lecinesses. 5__u__t__n_ Exgrecss take courses in the process of eins drawings. d_a_t__g Gre broken part of a larger system causes Be mechine to fail m_—h__i_m De nial model of the machine will be Wed son. roy Ge ces and construction of machines is a penne fed. Bea _c_| and an employee of Sharp & Co. ‘Ge following statements as true (T) #. — The customer needs a pressure vessel for = — & shyscal prototype is faster than a comeuter model. _— = customer chooses the physical prototype. and complete the Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. ‘I1need a custom pressure vessel. y We can .. or we can .. What would you recommend? Student A: You need a pressure vessel. Talk to Student B about: © types of models © recommendations ‘© testing prototypes Student B: You work at an engineering firm. ‘Answer Student A’s questions. Writing © You are an engineer. Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the order form. Write about: ‘© what the customer ordered ‘¢ what questions he/she had ‘what you explained to them Customer Request: ‘Customer Order: “et us perform a lot of simulations. "you also test physical prototypes,‘clroult Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What is electrical engineering? 2 What products do electrical engineers make? From: : Subject Brian, The deadline for the model GR-7 DVD player project is next month. As @ result, we'te delaying production on the GR-22 model. We need to adjust out production of some components. Fortunately, both models use many of the same parts. Keep making circuit card assemblies for both. However, the models use different power supplies. Stop all production of GR-22 power supplies and focus on creating GR-7 power supplies. Remember to make the necessary adjustments. The GR-7 power supplies require an input voltage of 120 volts and an output voltage of § volts. These are slightly higher than the settings for the GR-22 power supplies. Remember the output power, too. The GR-7 power supplies must produce 27 watts - the GR-22 only produce 24 watts. ym the rest of the staff of the change, Plea: Ted Even Electrical Engineering Supervisor Reading | © Read this e-mail from a supervisor. | Then, choose the correct answers. 1 1. What is the e-mail about? ‘A. changing production orders B canceling GR-7 production © using GR-7 components in the GA-22 D the difference between input and output voltage Vocabulary © Match the words (1-4) with th 2. Which of the following is NOT true? definitions (A-D). A The GR-22 and GR-7 use the same power supply. B The circuit card assemblies can be used in both models. © The GR-22 has a lower input voltage than the GR-7. D The GR-7 has a greater output power than the GR-22, —volt — output voltage —watt 3. What can you infer about the company? Shi A It has over 120 employees. B Its DVD players have incorrect output voltages. € It has different deadlines for different models. D It purchases power sources from manufacturers, measure of electrical power measure of electrical potential voltage put out by a device watts put out by a device com> Fenste words from the word bank to fill ie Dianks. 7 [= input voltage power supply components directs electricity to the needs a minimum to assemble: different Sisten and read the email. How much ‘me power than the GR-2.2s do the GR-7 (pee= swpolies produce? Sisten fo a conversation between a Shemeee end an engineer. Mark the ieee sistements as true (T) or false (F). FP — Re men cecides not to change the deadine. Fe =ereany will stop production of all 22 pats B® — Fe woman is creating a new power supply Gisten again and complete the Mr. Smith. What's up? changing the 1 on the ®d GR 22 DVD player projects. }Op production on all GR-22 The same 5 work in both ht. We just need to hold off then. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS: Were changing the deadlines. Were pushing back work in both products. The same Student A: You are a manager. Your ‘company is changing the deadline of a project. Tak to Student B about: ‘© what is due sooner © what to stop making © what to keep making Make up a name for the engineer Student 8: You are an engineer. Talk to Student A about changing the deadline, Make up a name for the manager. Writing © You are an engineer. Use the conversation from Task 8 to write an e-mail (100-120 words). Write about: what deadines are changing @ what things should still be made. @ what things they should stop makingTHE TOMORROWS TECH CHALLENGE IS HERI The Tomorrow's Tech Foundation is offering a large licensed production payment for its fourth annual challenge. The goal is to design a new spacecraft. The design is mostly wide-open, but there are some requirements and restrictions. It must meet the following requirements: capability to launch up to 6,000 pound payload © an internal fuel capacity of at least 5,000 pounds @ at least 16,000 pounds of thrust © a minimum velocity of Mach 25 All types of propellant are acceptable. Obviously, designs featuring ramjets will not be accepted. 500 milion euros is the maximum flyaway value for this project. Go to our website to register your design team. Good luck! passenger miles per gallon Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. Vocabulary 1 What kinds of aircraft have you been on? @ Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). 2. How has aerospace engineering changed travel? 1 plant Reading 2 _launch ae —_ Reach @ Read this notice from an aerospace engineering peo) journal. Then, choose the correct answers. Mech: 5 _ thrust 1. What is the notice mostly about? 6 licensed production ‘A an advanced type of ramjet B a.contest to create a new spacecraft ‘A a measurement of speed based © the way to get more velocity and thrust (on comparisons to the speed of sound D a job announcement for an aerospace firm B the fuel used in the engines of 2 How many pounds of thrust must the new vehicle achieve? flying vehicles A 5000 B 6000 16000 —D 500milion to send something upwards D_a measurement of how far 3 What can be inferred about Tomorrow's Tech Foundation? é something travels in a set | A They specialize in ramjat design sariourt of tine B They own four space vehicles E the force exerted by an engine © They offer challenges every year F paying a company for the right t D They specialize in fuel efficient acratt use its designilar in meaning to Se Sean of fuel caried inside of this jat is FRE cords ee See Seccie have been on vehicles that fly QBs Eats aimosphere = Pe ee that compresses air can reach very ae wees. = Re se cost of cstting a vehicle to fiy? ay y eo ‘Sstee end read the notice. Why will Sesturing ramjets not be accepted? to 2 conversation between an 2nd 2 Tomorrow's Tech Sst. Mark the following 2s true (T) or false (F). De contest allows all types of propellant. 1 Re = oneer asks about velocity = Pe sececrait must reach Mach 3.5 ‘Ge again and complete the Tomorrow's Tech, Can | help you? Hi Im calling about the 1 Okay. 2 to register a design tearm? | ink so. But | have a few questions frst. Tho design can use any type of 3 fight? Yes, thats right. And it has to reach a4 No, it 5 reach 25 On I see. That 6 ease. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS: ''m calling about the... The design can use ... ‘No. It only needs to .. Student A: You are interested in a spacecraft challenge. Ask Student B questions about: © the contest © propellant © velocity Student B: You work for the contest organizer. ‘Answer Student A's questions. Writing © Use the conversation from anote about the aircraft challenge. fe Fa Challenge Requirements: Challenge Allows:Glossary abstract [N-COUNT-U5] An abstract is a summary of an article, document, or other text. accident [N-COUNT-U10] An accident is something bad that was not meant to happen. alternative fuel [N-COUNT-U12] An alternative fuel is a substance that is used for energy instead of fossil fuels. arch [N-COUNT-U2] An arch is a semicircle shape over an entrance. architect [N-COUNT-U2] An architect is a person whose job is to design and build structures. biodegradable [ADJ-U12] If something is biodegradable, it will break apart naturally. biodiesel [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Biodiesel is fuel that is made from vegetable oi's or animal fat. burn [N-COUNT-U10] A bun is damage caused by heat or fire. CAD [N-UNCOUNT-U13] CAD (computer-aided design) refers to using computer technology to create computer models of objects. CAM [N-UNCOUNT-U13] CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) refers to the use of computer technology to help build the parts of a machine. centimeter [N-COUNT-U8] A centimeter is a metric measurement of distance that is equal to one one-hundredth of a meter. ‘ceramic [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Ceramic is a solid material made trom clay or similar materials. CFD [N-UNCOUNT-U13] CFD (computational fluid dynamics) refers to the use of mathematical formulas to study problems related to the movement of fluids and gases. chemical engineer [N-COUNT-U12] A chemical engineer is someone who works in the chemical industry. uit card assembly [N-COUNT-U14] A circuit card assembly is a card with all components installed that can bbe used to perform a variety of tasks in electrical equipment. civil engineer (N-COUNT-Ut1] A civil engineer is a person who works with the design and construction of the physical environment. This includes buildings, roads, bridges, and other things. clip [V-TRANS-U4] To clip something is to cut off part of it. coated [ADJ-U3] If something is coated, itis covered by some type of material commercial [ADJ-Utt] Something that is commercial is related to business or commerce, ‘complicated [ADJ-U6] If something is complicated, it has many details or is hard to understand. component [N-COUNT-U'4] A component is a part of something bigger. ‘concrete [N-UNCOUNT-U3} Conerete is a construction material made out of cement, crushed rocks, and other material construction [N-UNCOUNT-Ut!] Construction is the process of building structures such as buildings, roads, and bridge: control [N-COUNT-U9] A control is a situation or condition that you do not change during an experiment. convert [V-TRANS-U12] To convert something is to change it from one thing to another. ‘cubed [ADJ-U7] If a number is cubed, itis to be multiplied by itself three times.h eefinder [N-COUNT-U2] A cylinder is a shape with long, straight sides and two circular ends. eta [N-UNCOUNT-US] Data are numbers or characteristics that you collect and study. Gecelerate [V-T-U5] To decelerate is to slow down. #=sign [V-T-Ut] To design something is to plan how it wil look and how it will function. Sevelop [V-T-Ut] To develop something is to create it or to cause it to grow or expand. sisal [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Diese! is a fuel that is used in big engines like buses and trucks, scipline [N-COUNT-U1] A discipline is a branch of instruction or leaming. Setting [N-UNCOUNT-U13] Drafting refers to the process of creating engineering drawings for machines. They strate how to manufacture and assemble the parts, 28 (N-COUNT-U4] A drill is a tool that makes holes in surfaces like wood or inserts and removes screws. siese [N-COUNT-U2] An ellipse is a shape like a flat circle or oval signer [N-COUNT-U!] An engineer is a person who uses the knowledge gained by science to design and create gractical applications for it. sesineering [N-UNCOUNT-Ut] Engineering is the art of designing and creating practical applications from the cwledge gained by science. S52! [V-T-U7] To equal something is to be the same as that thing seperiment [N-COUNT-U9] An experiment is a scientific study that you conduct to solve a problem. ssponent [N-COUNT-U7] An exponent is a small number written above another number and which signifies how any times the bottom number should be multiplied by itself, fie extinguisher [N-COUNT-U10] A fire extinguisher is a device used to put out fires. Ges sid [N-UNCOUNT-U10] 3t ald is fast, basic medical treatment given right after an injury Syenay value [N-COUNT-U15] The flyaway value of a vehicle that flies through the air is the total cost involved in making it and having it fy Set IN-COUNT-U6] A foot is an imperial measurement of distance that is equal to twelve inches. Sere [N-COUNT-U5] A force is something that causes an object to move. Sessil fuel [N-COUNT-U12] Fossil fuel is an energy source that is made from organic remains. Coal, gas and oil ze fossil fuels. COUNT-Ui2] A fuel is a substance that provides energy when bumed. Sterum [N-COUNT-U6] A fulcrum is the pointed support that a lever’s board or bar rests upon. = PN-COUNT-U5] AG is a unit of force that is equal to the force of gravity I s used to show the forces on an abject when it accelerates. spelen [N-COUNT-U8] A gallon is an imperi yeasurement of volume that is equal to approximately five liters. 3536 ‘geometric [ADJ-U2} Something that is geometric relates to the study of shapes and other figures. glass [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Glass is a solid, transparent material commonly used in windows. gloves [N-UNCOUNT-U10] Gloves are protective clothes worn over the hands. ‘goggles [N-UNCOUNT-U10] Goggles are eye glasses that provide protection hazard [N-COUNT-U10] A hazard is something known to be dangerous hundredth [N-COUNT-U7] A hundredth is one of one hundred equal things. hypothesis [N-COUNT US] A hypothesis is an idea that attempts to explain an observation, imperial [ADJ-U8} Something that is imperial is part of the system of measurements that is uncommon in most Parts of the world. It includes measurements such as the gallon, foot, and pound, inch [N-COUNT-U8] An inch is an imperial measurement of distance that is equal to one twelfth of a foot. inclined plane [N-COUNT-U6] An inclined plane is a smooth surface with one end that is higher than the other. infrastructure (N-UNCOUNT-Utt] Infrastructure isthe physical structures needed to operate a society or an organization injury [N-COUNT-U10] An injury is damage to the body. input voltage [N-COUNT-U14] Input voltage is the number of volts a device needs to operate. inspect [V-T-Ut] To inspect something is to examine it carefully. internal fuel capacity [N-COUNT-U15] Internal fuel capacity is the maximum amount of fuel a vehicle can carry without extemally attached fuel tanks. kilogram [N-COUNT-UB] A kilogram is a metric measurement of weight that is equal to one thousand grams. It is also equal to approximately two pounds, kinetic eneray [N-UNCOUNT-U5] The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses due to motion. It is gained through acceleration and stays constant unless the object's speed changes. land development [N-UNCOUNT-Uit] Land development is the process of making an area of land more useful by constructing buildings, roads, or bridges. launch [V-T/|-U15] To launch something is to push it into the air very quickly lever [N-COUNT-U6] A lever is a bar that rests on a fulcrum. leverage [N-UNCOUNT-U6] Leverage is the power that comas from using a lever. licensed production (N-UNCOUNT-U15] Licensed production is the practice of paying a company for the right to produce something it has designed. liter [N-COUNT-U8] A liter is a metric measurement of volume that is equal to one thousand milliliters. It is also equal to approximately one fifth of a gallon. load [N-COUNT-U6] A load is a particular amount of weight a person or machine lifts or carries. lumber [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Lumber is wood that is used as a construction materialty tis nt to Misch [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Mach is a unit for measuring the speed of something in comparison to the speed of sound. smechine [N-COUNT-U'] A machine is an apparatus made from multiple parts. It is designed to perform some kind of work, smethematics [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Mathematics is the study of numbers and change. mechanical engineering [N-UNCOUNT-U13] Mechanical engineering is concerned with designing, making and using machines and tools. srechanism [N-COUNT-U13] A mechanism is a number of parts in a machine that are linked together to perform a particular task meter (N-COUNT-U8] A meter is a metric measurement of distance that is equal to one hundred centimeters. smethodology [N-COUNT-US] A methodology is a particular way of studying or doing something. metric [ADJ-US] Something that is metric is part of the system of measurements used throughout most of the rd. It includes measurements such as the liter, meter, and gram. snicipal [ADJ-Ut!] Something that is municipal is related to an entre city, town, or community. sertoxic [ADJ-U12] If something is nontoxic, itis not poisonous. | sebservation (N-COUNT-US] An observation is a particular behavior or event that you witness. sxtput power [N-COUNT-Ut4] Output power is the amount of watts @ power source puts out seutput voltage [N-COUNT-U14] Output voltage is the number of volts a power source puts out. erat [N-COUNT-U2] An oval is a round shape that is longer than it is wide. percent [N-UNCOUNT-U7] A percent is a number out of every 100. ‘eetoleum [N-UNCOUNT-U12] Petroleum is a type of oll found in the ground. sghysics [N-UNCOUNT-U1] Physics is a pat of science that deals with the study of matter, movement, energy, and force. ers [N-UNCOUNT-Ud] Pliers are tools that are used to pull out nals or cut wires. ercelain [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Porcelain is a solid ceramic material that is of higher quality than normal ceramic. potential energy [N-UNCOUNT-U5] The potential energy of an object is the potential that it has due to its position. It becomes kinetic energy when the object begins moving. pound [N-COUNT-U8] A pound is an imperial measurement of weight that is equal to approximately 454 grams. ewer supply [N-COUNT-U14] A power supply distributes electrical current to a device. recaution [N-COUNT-U10] A precaution is something you do to prevent something from happening, seressure vessel [N-COUNT-U13] A pressure vessel is a container that holds liquid or gas at a specific pressure. igrism [N-COUNT-U2] A prism is a three-dimensional shape. groblem [N-COUNT-US] A problem is a question that you are trying to answer. erocedure [N-COUNT-US] A procedure is a series of steps that one takes during an experiment. 37prohibited [ADJ-U10] If something is prohibited, itis not allowed propellant [N-COUNT-U15] Propellant is the fuel used in the engine of a vehicle that flies through the air. prototype [N-COUNT-U13] A prototype is an initial model of a machine or system. Engineers use this to help bull the actual machine. pulley [N-COUNT-U6] A pulley is a machine that consists of a wheel with a rope in its groove. ramjet [N-COUNT-U15] A ramjet is an engine, for a vehicle that fies through the air, that has no rotating parts. rectangle [N-COUNT-U2] A rectangle is a shape consisting of four straight lines and four right angles, and whose opposite sides are the same length. reinforced [ADJ-U3] If something is reinforced, it is made stronger by the addition of some type of material renewable (ADJ-U12] If a resource is renewable, it can be replaced by the natural world. residential [ADJ-Uti] Something that is residential is related to where people live. result [N-COUNT-U9] A result is a finding or conelusion of an experiment. road construction [N-UNCOUNT-Uit] Road construction is the process of building a road. scale (N-UNCOUNT-Utt] Scale is the size of something in comparison to another similar thing. screw [N-COUNT-U4] A screw is a piece of metal that you tum to fasten objects together. screwdriver [N-COUNT-U4] A screwdriver is a tool for putting screws into surfaces. semi-circle [N-COUNT-U2] A semi-circle is a shape that is half of a circle. shock [N-COUNT-U10] A shock is an injury caused by electricity simple machine [N-COUNT-U6] A simple machine is a basic machine with few moving parts. simulation [N-COUNT-U13] A simulation is an imitation of a possible event or situation, solder [N-UNCOUNT-U4] Solder is a soft metal wire thet is heated with a soldering iron to join two metal surfacs soldering iron [N-COUNT-U4] A soldering iron is used to join pieces of metal together with solder ‘spacecraft [N-COUNT-UIS] A spacecraft is a vehicle that flies outside the Earth's atmosphere. square [N-COUNT-U2] A square is a shape consisting of four right angles and four straight sides of equal length squared [ADJ-U7] If a number is squared, tis to be multiplied by itsett. stainless steel [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Stainless steel is a type of steel that does not rust. steel [N-UNCOUNT-U3] Stee! is a very strong construction material that is made mostly from iron. ‘stopping distance [N-COUNT-U5] A stopping distance is the distance an object in motion takes to come to a complete stop. stress [N-COUNT-U13] A stress is a force that presses against an object. It can cause the object to change sheSe [V-TRANS-U4] To strip something is to remove it from the surface of something else. Serology [N-UNCOUNT-Ut] Technology is the group of new and sophisticated creations which make our lives sier. Examples include television, computers, and telephones. $= IN-COUNT-U7] A tenth is one of ten equal things, $eered [ADJ-U3] If something is textured, it has specific qualities added to its surface. $essendth [N-COUNT-U7] A thousandth is one of one thousand equal things. $=" IN-UNCOUNT-U15] Thrust is the force exerted by an engine that causes a vehicle to fly through the air. $= PECOUNT-U3] A tile is a construction material that is made from ceramic, porcelain, stone, and other materials. 's often used as a wall or floor covering. Hees [PREP-U7] If something is times a number, it is multiplied by that number. Se P= (-th) power [PHRASE-U7] If something is multipied to the (-th) power, its mutiolied by itself that number of times. eegraphic [ADJ-Utt] Something that is topographic is related to the detailed mapping of terrain Seesfer [V-I-U5] To transfer something is to move it from one object to another. Serle IN-COUNT-U9] A variable is a situation or condition that you change during an experiment. Se IN-COUNT-U2] A vault is a rounded or triangular space added to a celing to create space. Seecity [N-UNCOUNT-U15] Velocity is a measurement of how far something travels in a set amount of time. = IN-COUNT-U4) A vise holds something tightly in place while someone works on it. S=PN-COUNT-U14] A volt is a measurement of electric potential = supply [N-UNCOUNT-Utt] The water supply is the supply of fresh water for an area or community "a IN-COUNT-U14] A watt is a measurement of electrical power. Sze N-COUNT-U6] A wedge is a tool with one wide end and one pointed end, eel and axle [N-COUNT-U6] A wheel and axle is a machine consisting of a wheel with a rod through it $e stripper [N-COUNT-U4] A wire stripper is a tool that is used to remove insulation from wires. $=* IN-UNCOUNT-U5] Work is the transfer of energy. It is measured by how far an object is moved by a force. jeer-energy principle (N-UNCOUNT-US] The work-energy principle is the idea that the change in an object's energy is equal to the total work done to the object.(*) Charles Lloyd James A. Frazier Express PublishingTable of Contents Gee 1 - History of engineering Gee 2 - Traits of an engineer Gee 3 - An engineer's education Gee 4 - Presenting information Gee 5 - Problem solving Gen 6 - Creativity ee 7 - Tables and graphs Gee 8 - Dimensions and drawings Get 9 - Materials and properties Gee 10 - Working with numbers Gee 1 - Sales engineering Ge 12 - Agricultural engineering Gee 13 - Industrial engineering Gee 14 - Software engineering Gee % - Genetic engineering .. GiessaryEngineering in the Middle ame irepD One of the most significant engine achievements of the Middle Ages was trebuchet, a type of catapult. A common si engine, the trebuchet was used to lau Projectiles into an enemys fortifications a. @ siege. This method of breaking down enemys defenses was oftentimes ae Successful. The trebuchet was a com ; ‘weapon of warfare for nearly 2,000 years. In & it was used well into the 16" century, long the invention of gunpowder. The trebuchet launched projectiles at speeds by utilizing some important engines Principles. One such principle was mechanical advantage principle of lovera Trebuchets were able to multiply the tora that was applied to a simple lever built into design. This allowed a counterweight Provide enough force to launch the paylo that was in the sling on the other side of Pivot. The mass of the object being launch could therefore be * very large and cause great destruction. Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. Vocabular 1 How was engineering expertise used to make if weapons in the Middle Ages? © Read the sentence pairs. Choose where 2. How can we leam from these machines? the words best fit in the blanks. 1 trebuchets / projectiles Reading Catapults can throw _____very far. Cannons eventually replaced @ Read this passage from a textbook. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) 2 pivot / torque OF) false: Applying ____ causes levers to 1 _ Trebuchets use the advantage principal of Levers rotate around a mass " 2 — Counterweights and sings are on the same 3. payload / mechanical advantage © side of a pivot. A heavy requires great force 3 _. Trebuchets increased the torque being move. applied to a lever. is created by using a lever.MB etch the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). Speaking % —-siege engine 3 catapult 5 — sling © With a partner, act out the mass 4 Middle Ages 6 — counterweight roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. Se property that makes objects have weight th century through the 16th century USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS: ice designed to throw objects Do you remember what a trebuchet is? 2 heavy item used to balance a load 2 device used to destroy castle walls 2 device that holds an object Sure, Its a catapult Just shorten the arm holding the counterweight. Listen and read the passage. Why could a ‘ebuchet cause so much damage? Wasiesieks You ae dscissiig a crane problem, Talk to Listening Student B about © trebuchets @ @ Listen to a conversation between two engineers. © counterweights ‘Ghoose the correct answers. solution 7 is the conversation mostly about? eee ee teicrane Bator Student B: You are an engineer. B which type of pivot would work best ‘Answer Student A’s questions. © why studying history is important | Dhow trebuchet design might solve a problem Piccing the arm closer to the pivot will make it Writing A longer B stronger lighter. = taller © Use the conversation from Task 8 to write a note to Listen again and complete the conversation. another engineer explaining how you believe trebuchet egies 1: | carit believe were stil having trouble with this g design can help solve a crane design! problem you're having (100- Negimeer 2: | know. | was thinking about the problem last night. 120 words). So | dug up my oid college textbook for 1 egmeer : And you found something useful? SEegimeer 2 Yeah, | did, actually. Do you remember what a 2 is? agrees Sure. it's.a3 Seger 2: That's right. And it uses the 4. leverage. Eegineer Okay, but how does that help us? Eegmeer 2: We could do the same thing. Just shorten the arm holding the 5 Engineer t: Yeah! And if we make the arm closer to the 6 _ it would be a stronger support that could handle more weight. ofGet ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1. What are good qualities for engineers to have? 2 How can these qualities be developed? LOOKING FOR THE PERFECT ENGINEER At MiracleCo, we know that having a good education is important. But we'e interested in more than just someone with a degree. Miracle Co is looking for the perfect engineer! So what qualities must the perfect engineer have? Obviously, we need an engineer with technical competency. Basic common sense is a must. Furthermore, having dependability means that we trust you. Most importantly, we need an outgoing person with excellent interpersonal skils. We want an engineer with the courage to tell us when things are going wrong, J) Our perfect engineer has good organizational skils and uses quantitative thinking to assess the work. He or she enjoys the challenge of problem solving - this means having the curiosity J to ask questions. And more than anything else, our perfect ‘engineer thinks about projects in the long-term and what they ‘mean for the company. Do you think you're the perfect engineer for us? Then send your resume to kathyrichards@miracleco.com. i Vocabular i Reading uk: i y ie itch tl (1-7 ith the @ Read this job posting. Then, choose the correct ao answers. — organizational skills 1 What is the posti bout? “ pa MO — problem solving A. minimum education requirements — dependability B years of experience applicants must have ‘laity. © an engineering position's responsibilities — _— commen sense D characteristics of a potential employee — degree 2 What is NOT listed as an important quality? — quantitative thinking A bravery © punctuality B reliabiity D curiosity completion of academic study using numbers in thought finding solutions basic practical knowledge 3. What can you infer about MiracleCo? A tis hiring several engineers at this time. B It focuses (on short-term projects. It values long-term thinking more than courage. D Its current employees lack interpersonal skils, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. trustworthiness B c D E F ability to keep things in order G interest in learning‘Complete the sentences. Fill in the blanks with the ‘correct words from the word bank. /__ F courage long-term interpersonal competence quality Carl was fired because he lacked basic Think about your future and career goals, Bob's ___ skills help him communicate well Alanne's best ________is her curiosity. it takes _____to admit you made a mistake. © @ Listen and read the job posting. Why must an ‘engineer be numerate? Listening 1B @ Listen to a conversation between an interviewer and an engineer. Mark the following statements as, true (T) or false (F). 1 The woman is interested in the man's resume. 2 — The man built a television in college. 3 _ The man has strong interpersonal skis. ® G Listen again and complete the conversation. * So tlle about youre and what you can @m) bring to MiracleCo. First of all, | have at Engineering. | read that on your resume. Tell me what | can't read about. Electrical Well, anyone can get a degree, but not everyone has 2. And you do? | think so. Ever since | was a kid I've always 3 Can you give me an example? Sure. When | was ten, | took a television apart just to see how it works. Excellent! Now, how would you rate your 4. ‘skills? Tim very good with people. | ran several 5 —_ Speaking a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. Tell me ay Not everyone has curiosity. How would you rate your . skis? Student A: You are an interviewer. Ask about Student 8: © qualities © examples © interpersonal skis Student B: You are an engineer. ‘Answer Student A's questions. Writing © Use the job posting and the conversation from Task 8 to complete the interviewer's notes. Make up a name for the applicant. Interviewer: Applicant: Qualities: Examples: Recommend for hire?3 An engineer's education 830 am: Auditorium A Dietrich, MS Donald Bamey, MSc(Res) ~ Engineering Ethics What are engineers’ responsibilities for protecting company intellectual property rights? This session is appropriate for all engineers, as well as those who are ‘currently working on their undergraduate degrees. It is particularly helpful for ‘engineers in entry-level positions. This, event is also ABET and EAB accredited for one hour of university credit. Room 110 Victoria Crawford, PRD - ‘Quantum Mechanics, How does wave-partcle dually affect the future of space travel? This event is designed for engineers who have finished their doctorates. Unfortunately, engineers with only @ master’s degree or undergraduate degree will not be admitted 130 pm: Room 200 Mary McCormick, MEng ~ Complex Systems, Analysis I How can we increase efficiency in complex systems modeling? This event is designed for engineers with postgraduate degrees. Unfortunately, ‘engineers with only a bachelor’s degree will not be admitted. Itis also restricted to ‘engineers who attended Day One's Complex Systems Analysis L Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 11 What types engineering degrees are there? 2 Why do engineers need a lot of ‘education? Master of Science @ Read the schedule of events from an engineering seminar. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). 1 __ APD is not required to attend Engineering Ethics. 2 _ The space travel session is board accredited. 3 __ The afternoon event is open to engineers with any level of education, Vocabulary © Check (/) the sentence that uses the underlined parts correctly. United Kingdom universities need ABET accreditation. A bachelor’s degree requires four years of study. Students can eam a masters degree after a bachelor's} To get an MSc, focus on research, not instruction. ‘A master’s degree in engineering is an MSciRes) Joe has an entry-level job, but wants a higher position. Students eam postgraduate degrees before an MSc. The college wasn't accredited because it dicn't meet requirements. Sara has a doctorate, the highest level of study. ‘American universities should be EAB accredited. @ Match the words (1-8) with the definitions (A-H). —MSc 5 EAB —posigraduate degree 6 _MSo(Res) —MEng 7 _undergraduate degree ABET 8 PhD acorediting body in the United States accrediting body in the United Kingdom ‘a masters degree in a scientific field ‘@ masters degree in a scientific field eamed through research a doctorate ‘a masters degree in engineering degree showing four years of study any degree achieved after a bachelor's TO ™MIOD> BON© @ Listen and read the schedule. Which seminar is only open to people with PhDs? Listening 1D @ Listen to a conversation between two engineers. Choose the correct answers. 1 What is the main idea of the conversation? A. the importance of ethies in engineering B where different seminars are being held © which events the engineers attended yesterday D why the engineers can only attend certain events a 2 The woman will attend Engineering Ethics because A she only has a bachelors degree. B she is not an EAB-certified engineer. © she arrived too late for other events. > she missed the previous Complex Systems event. rts on, ors BD @ Listen agai conversation. and complete the ana ee Good moming, Samantha, How dd things go yesterday? a 2 Great! The seminar on 1 — was fascinating, “Exgineer 1: Im glad to hear i! What are you planning on going to today? Actually, I don't have a choice. It has tobe 2 Whys that? + Well, unlike you, | only have @ 3___ ‘An, yes. | noticed a few of the events require 4 ——— Yeah. So ... which events do you want to 5 __ today? td really ke to 6 a Complex Systems Analysis i, but l cant. arch Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. What are you planning on going to today? Actually, | dont have a choice, | noticed a few of the events require . Student A: You are at a seminar with another ‘engineer. Talk to Student B about: ‘© seminars you each want to attend © education required Make up a name for your colleague. ‘Student B: You are at a seminar, Answer ‘Student A’s questions. Writing © Use the conversation from Task 8 to fill in the seminar feedback form. Be sure to include the lack of options for certain engineers. 0 Engineering Seminar Feedback Engineer Name: What level of education do you have? What events did you attend? What were the requirements? Were you pleased with the number of events available to you? Please explain your answer. | Please rate your overall experience at the seminar, | with 1 being the lowest and 10 the highest. gon BANG 10Get ready! @ Before you read the passa talk about these questions. 11 When do engineers give presentations? 2. What tips would you give ‘someone preparing for a presentation? To: c:webber@aqdesign.com From: rthomas@aqdesign.com Subject: Engineering Conference Hill College's annual Engineering Conference is coming Up, Id ike you to present our study on mobile robots. Read below for tips and specific instructions on your assignment. State your objective clearly. | suggest using a general- to-specific strategy to organize your tak. It should help the audience understand why we developed the robot. Use visual aids. 1d ike to see pictures of our robot with your talk. You can add these in using a presentation program or projector. Our tech department can create handouts detailing the robot's specifications. Corejector ») This is an important conference, so practice. Use cue ccards i you must. But don't look down ~ your body language should convey confidence. Use signposts while presenting. These will help guide the audience through our developmental stages. Finish by summarizing our goals for optimizing robots. | Dont forget to lst your citations at the end. And above all, remember to KISS (Keep It Short and Simple)! Vocabulary Match the words (1-6) with the definitions (A-F). Reading @ Read this email from a — signpost 4 body language supervisor to an engineer. Then, general-to-specific strategy 5 _ summarize mark the following statements _— presentation program 6 _ citation as true (T) or false (F). ‘@ program that displays a slide show ‘a phrase or word that signals a change in topic a reference from a piece of writing to repeat the main points of something 1 _ A goneral-to-specitic ‘organization is recommended. 2 __ The employee should begin with a summary of goals. 3 — A signpost is an example of a visual aid ‘communication through body movernents ‘organization style in which specific details follow basic ideas mmoom> One1D Write a word that is sit underlined part. 7 What is the main goal of this project? ee Use a machine that shows images on a screen. -fo---tr We the important points on a small. fim piece of paper ad Remember the basic rule: do things in the simplest way. ms include images that express information in the lecture. Bie as ands Did the speaker give out any documents related to the lecture? h__d_u_s meaning to the © & Listen and read the email. When should the presenter talk about the books and articles that they ead to help them with the project? Listening 1B @ Listen to a conversation between an engineer and fis co-worker. Mark the following statements as true ) or false (F). 7 — The presentation was organized poorly 2 __ The woman suggests clarifying the objective, 3 — The man appeared nervous waile presenting, 1B @ Listen again and complete the conversation. Fis ter: Janet, what did you think of my practice o presentation? | thought it was 4 ee Jangmin. You stated your objective of optimizing mobile robots very clearly. Was my 2 of the robots design phase confusing? No. The general-to-specific organization made it a Great. Do you have any advice to 4 ey, Maybe you can work on your delivery alittle. ‘What exactly should | change? r Just be aware of your 5 You were moving around a lot. And 6 your cue cards too much. Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. What did you think of 7 7 Do you have any advice to help me improve? ‘Maybe you can work on .. a little, Student A: You just practiced your presentation with a co- worker. Ask Student B about: ‘© opinion of presentation © confusing areas © advice for improvement Make up a name for your co-worker. ‘Student B: You just listened to co-workers presentation, Answer Student A's questions. © Use the conversation from Task 8 to complete the evaluation of the engineer's practice presentati Presentiston Positive aspects of presentation: Negative aspects:Hema) ued Nae] Get ready! A : @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. 1 What kinds of e = problems do From: Charlene Brand _ engineers solve? To: Eric Marks 2 How do engineers Subject: Problem Update solve problems? arte know, our problem identification process I-Clear As iad a serious inefficiency with our Cryst ee Tine of windows. They allow too much heat of much analysis we deemed the glass to be cause of the problem. To attack this issue, we've empl lure. Logic suggested that es eee Sone erlion wowed ck Gs i ‘a problem - ‘Fs worked, but application became a Donen | hus, weve Jass is too expensive, Thus, Sreblem, but weve Kept the same ‘approach. hos Pio create a cost-effective window that retains .ed two thin panes. This held in Joyed an iterative thicker glass would ‘Our second iteration us more heat, but the glass was too fragile wil be synthesis ofthe cided the third iteration ill : | doce re rains. That means were uses ta slightly thicker panes. the results i Iii keep you posted on | a te a on @ Read this e-mail from an engineer. Then, Charlene choose the correct answers. of this atternpt. 007 1 What is the note about? A testing glass for fragity Vocabulary B. how to identity a problem © Match the words (1-8) with the definitions. | (A-H). © making an efficient window D rescheduling iterative procedures — comprehension 5 _ synthesis — iterative procedure 6 _analysis — approach 7 —logic problem identification 8 __ redefine 2 What changed during the second stage? ‘A. The window was thicker. B The window was too expensive. © The window used multiple panes. D_ The window retained too much heat. a close examination of something to state something again 1 2 3 4 A B i f 3. Which is NOT true about the process so far? e ela Cac bctiantd E F @ 4 the determi i A Thick glass is expensive, cect ce rece reete a way of dealing with a problem reasonable thinking the repetition of steps to solve a problem B The thin panes are fragile, | © The two panes released more heat | D The third iteration will use two panes. | 12 the mixing of ideas1B Use the words from the word bank to fill in the blanks. yo) dT solution iteration attack application 4 Work until you find a 2 Is there a useful 3 What's the best way to 4 Oneach to this problem, for this new product? this problem? change only one step. © G@ Listen and read the email. How many mew designs have been tried? Listening GB @ Listen to a conversation between two ‘engineers. Mark the following statements 2 true (T) or false (F). 4 _ The woman has not begun the third iteration, 2 The woman suggests testing the glass again 3 _ The woman tested the strength of cheap glass. ®@ @ Listen again and complete the conversation. +t Hey, Charlene. Where are you with @) IN epee S needy Well, we just finished the third 2___of the process. Using two thicker panes? How aid that go? The window retained enough heat and wasnt too fragile. i: What about the 3 2 Manufacturing 4 Speaking © With a partner, act out the roles below, based on task 7. Then switch roles. Where are you with the 7 What about the .. issue? We can look for cheaper... Student A: You want to know about a problem solving process. Ask Student B about: © status of the problem © results of last iteration ‘© new problems Make up a name for your co-worker. Student B: You are working on the problem, ‘Answer Student A’s questions. Writing © Use the email and the conversation from Task 8 to complete the engineer's e-mail, stating what he/she has done so far and asking for advice about what to do next. window will be expensive, How are you going to 5 problem? : Wehave6 —____We could try another iteration with one pane. What do you think?Get ready! @ Before you read the passage, talk about these questions. Notional Association of Engineers (NAE) 1 What helps you think creatively? Cily Challenge 2 Whi ti luable pee The annual City Challenge is back! Its time to test your gineering powers of innovation and design a solution to a . problem your city faces. The designs you create should Reading break from the norm and defy convention. They : should be creative, out-of-the-box designs that share @ Read this notice from an Role vislan'of the titiral engineering journal. Then, mark the following statements as true (T) or (F) false. We all know that every city has problems. City Challenge aims to solve those problems by bringing together the brightest engineers from all over the country. By tackling the issues that face us, we can make our cities better Places to live. We're looking for concrete, plausible ideas that can be put into action, not just abstract notions! 1 __ The challenge is to create abstract ideas. 2 _ The NAE will check that ideas are original 3. _ A group of engineers will criticize entries All City Challenge entries are submitted electronically. Your idea's originality is subject to verification. All entries are judged by leaders in our field In fact, feedback will come from that team. A cash prize will be awarded to the engine whose design is chosen to be built. Good luck! Vocabulary © Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part. 1 Get results that are existing in realty, __n__e_ = 2 Think sitferent than the usual @ Use the words from the word bank to fill in the blanks. manner ra wordam 3. This is just a theoretical idea. = Waiionion =aeut innovation | 4 Is this plan reasonable or ol ven, hievable? _1__s__— | fe itaeew : etree? 1. Ignore the resuits until we get © Scientific method is an coerce 2 _____ people have great new ideas. cael 3. In Bob's ___of the future, he is an engineer. 6 GearCo’s unique quality makes 4 Provide ______on the project's pros and cons. it successful 5 lets companies make new projects Sel ee 7 ‘Scientists quection the © @ Listen and read the notice. Who will decide which commonly-held ideas. project is best? 14