Teaching,

Appropriate Body Postures

Importance of Body Language

M.A. PREVIOUS YEAR 2nd Semester

Project report submitted to: Dr. Poonam Matkar

Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls P.G (Autonomous) College

Signature (Guide)
Poonam Matkar
Signature (Student)
Sobia Tarique
Roll Number: 2126562

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude

towards Dr. Feroza Khatun and my college department of
English Literature, Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls P.G College,
Bhopal for giving me this opportunity to research Job
Oriented Project Work (JOPW) that helped me to enhance
my career goals.

I sincerely thank Dr. Poonam Matkar for her guidance and

encouragement in carrying out this JOPW. I also wish to
express my gratitude to my friends and family members who
rendered their help during the period of my project work.

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 Declaration of the Student
I Sobia Tarique daughter of Tarique Ali Khan
certify that the project report entitled
prepared by me is my personal and authentic work
under the guidance of Dr. Poonam Matkar of
department of English Literature.

Date: 31/03/22
Place: Bhopal

Signature of the Student:

Name: Sobia Tarique
Class: M.A Previous Year 2nd Sem
Roll number: 2126562
Address: 1, Gali 3, Amirganjh
Idgah (Bhopal)
Contact Number: 9174595588 /
7225724080

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1. Title of the project work: Teaching

2. The objective behind choosing the

course?

I chose teaching because teachers are the excellent

communicators, collaborators, problem solvers and
organizers. So I would love to become one; who’d
help students who are still discovering themselves.
Teachers have privilege of designing the
differentiated lessons for diverse student cohorts,
creating meaningful assessments and creating
inclusive learning opportunities for special needs and
gifted students.

3. Employment / self employment

opportunities in higher education jobs
etc.
 I have chosen employment in teaching
primary standard classes. My job is to share
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 knowledge with primary class students and
help them with reading and writing and
prepare them for future and to give them
guidance to move forward to elementary
classes.

Detail your efforts towards

exploring possibilities.
A detailed description related to
the option.
 Option name: teaching
 Option related to which of the
following are:
a. Teaching Job
 As a teacher you are entering a long-
standing profession that values tradition and
innovation. Teachers are experts in using
their own knowledge and the knowledge of
their peers to inspire. Teachers have
privilege of designing the differentiated
lessons for diverse student cohorts, creating

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 meaningful assessments and creating
inclusive learning opportunities for special
needs and gifted students. They also manage
data, research emerging trends, stay on top
of current best practices and promote
student’s wellbeing.

b. To get high level of employment of

scientific work on higher level of
education (M.Phil, Phd, M.tch) in
his/her subject while working in the
field of research.
 PhD is short for Doctor of Philosophy.
This is an academic or professional degree
that, qualifies the degree holder to teach
their chosen subject at university level or to
work in a specialized position in their
chosen field. A PhD is a globally recognized
postgraduate academic degree awarded by
universities and higher education institutions
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 to a candidate who has submitted a thesis or
dissertation, based on extensive and original
research in their chosen field. The
specificities of PhD degrees vary depending
on where you are and what subject you’re
studying.
c. To get jobs in government
organization.

 In order to become a Government

Teacher, candidate should have the acquired
the minimum educational qualification
required for the level they intend to teach
(PRT, TGT, PGT Pre-Primary Teacher) and
should qualify the Central Teacher
Eligibility Test/ State Teacher Eligibility
Test (CTET/TET).
d. To start business by setting up your
own industry / business.

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  Conduct market research; Market research
will tell you if there's an opportunity to turn
your idea into a successful business.
Write your business plan.
Fund your business.
Pick your Business location.
Choose the business structure.
Choose your business name.
Register your business, register
with your federal government
and state government. Get
federal and state tax IDs.
Apply for licenses and permits.

3. What inspired you to choose the

option?

 I chose teaching for the following reasons:

I, myself was once a student (still am) so I
wanted to see these students achieving their
goals and moving forward. These students
are not much different than me; it pretty
much inspired me to become an honorable
teacher. Also a famous saying always inspire
me “the more you give, more you gain” this
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 saying fits perfectly for teaching. The more
you teach the more you learn. Another
reason is time working hours, rather than
working (9 am to 5 pm) or (10 am to 9 pm)
at any firm or office, I’d rather work as
teacher with (7 am to 2 pm). These working
hours are much more convenient to me.

4. Minimum qualification for the

options.
a. Education
 Diploma or certificate in basic teacher’s
training of duration of not less than two
years.

b. Technical
 A minimum of 55% marks (or an
equivalent grade in a point scale wherever
grading system is) will be required at the
Master's level followed for those recruited as
teachers at any level from industries and
research institutions and at the entry level of
Assistant Professors, Assistant Librarians,
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 and Assistant Directors. They shall apply
to technical institutions and Universities
including deemed
Universities ... requirement of at least 10
years of teaching as Professor.
c. Experience
 A minimum of eight years of experience
of teaching or research in an academic
research position equivalent to that of
Assistant Professor in a University, College
or Accredited Research Institution industry
excluding the period of Ph.d.

5. Requirement for additional higher

education for the option.

 For higher education teacher the candidate

must preferably have a post graduate degree
in the subject and a Bachelor in Education
(B.Ed.) degree. The B.Ed. course thoroughly
prepares the teachers for senior schools.
Teachers who have this B.Ed. degree after
their graduation are called Trained Graduate
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 Teachers. Candidates with a previous
teaching experience are preferred.

6. Information related to competitive /

training etc.
 Initial Teacher Education (also known as
pre service teacher training) takes place
largely or exclusively in institute of Higher
Education.
The program aims at preparing teachers for
Foundational, Preparatory, Middle and
Secondary stages as per the new school
structure of NEP2020. It will ensure that
outstanding students enter the teaching
profession. A student undergoing this course
will be grounded in Indian values,
languages, knowledge, ethos, tribal tradition
and also well versed in latest advances in
education and pedagogy. This course caters
to the need of 21st Century skills.

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7. Name and address of the institute
visited. (Govt. or Non govt.)
 Govt. Sultania girls higher secondary
School
 Surveyed information received from
visited institution work done.
 My instructor was Ms. Mahnaz Sultan.
She guided me for all the necessary details
regarding my 7 – day internship. I worked
under Ms. Madhuri, she over see the work
which was handed to me.

 GOVT HSS GIRLS, SULTANIA was

established in 1974 and it is managed by the
Department of Education. It is located in
urban area. It is located at Aali Manzil Road,
Shahjahanabad BHOPAL district of
Madhya Pradesh. The school consists of
Grades from 1 to 12. The school is Girls and
it doesn't have an attached pre-primary
section. It is of Hindi Medium. The
academic session starts in July here.

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  The school has Government building. It
has got 0 classrooms for instructional
purposes. All the classrooms are in good
condition. It has 2 other rooms for non-
teaching activities. The school has a separate
room for Head master/Teacher. The school
premises are well build and properly
maintained. The source of Drinking Water in
the school is Tap Water and it is functional.
There are 6 functional toilets for girls and 2
separate for teachers. The school has a
playground as well as a library and has 3689
books in its library. The school has 2
computers for teaching and learning
purposes. However, there are no computer
labs for students. The school does not
provide mid-day meal nor is it applicable.

8. In collecting the information related to above

option by the student, the necessary books,
reference books, research articles business
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 papers, magazine, career guides, information
technology has the been acquired by the student.
Description (with reference list).
Serial no Name Description

1. ENGLISH READER This is the name of the books. Both

(General Series) 7th and 8th. the books contain 21 chapters. Each
chapter has selected exercises.

2. ENGLISH READER
Special English
Modals, Clause, Time and Tense,
Active and Passive Voice, Direct
Grammar and Indirect Narration,
Prepositions and Transformation.

9. The future challenges and potential challenges

(possible solutions in above options area).

 Understand the different learning abilities

and capacities of the students. To acquire
skill in motivating and encouraging students
when they underperform and have to deal
with parental and peer pressure.
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 To overcome this challenge teacher must be
more interactive with the students and for
parental pressure, always keep in touch with
parents and regularly inform them about the
students’ progress and consider their
opinions as well.

10. During the study project, ~ the student

has theoretical classroom teaching.
 I was given ENGLISH to teach in class 6st
and 7nd. I asked the students to read the
chapter. One student read one Para, after
each paragraph I explained it in details along
with meaning of difficult words and then I’d
asked them questions if they don’t
understand or want to ask any questions. I
was easy with my words since most students
were not fluent in English. Once the chapter
was completed, we moved on exercise zone
and grammar portion.

 Students had to write all the exercise in

their class work copy. I wrote the exercise
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 on the black board and students note it down
in their copy, in between I checked on the
students’ weather they’re writing and if they
are writing correctly or not. Once they were
finished with their work I checked their
copies and corrected their mistakes.

What different did the student find

between theatrical classroom teaching
and its practical utility during the project
study.
 Between the theatrical and practical learning is
it must to utilize both in the class. They both are
varying from each other however they both are
must to be practiced during the class. It helps
students to understand what they are reading or
writing and how it is related to real life, and It is
a must to teach the students through theatrical
technique. The Theatre in Education experience
allows students to see and feel how their
behavior affects others and learn alternative
behaviors or seek help. Students are also
provided with insights into why people may

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 engage in bullying behavior, increasing empathy,
perspective-taking and a supportive school
climate.

11. Other requirements from theoretical

teaching with reference to point (11)
above.
 Professional programs must prepare workers
to become professional practitioners in their
chosen field of practice. As educators, we want
our students to appreciate the importance of both
classroom and field educational experiences and
learn that there is nothing more practical than a
good theory. While experience is a great teacher,
it cannot replace what can be best taught in a
classroom and vice versa. A case could be made
that the best learning environment is created
when these two learning modalities are
integrated within a course rather than partitioned
throughout multiple courses in the curriculum.
What do we gain by integrating practical
experience into a course primarily structured

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primarily structured around the modality of
classroom learning?
Active Learning
 An active learning environment should
promote students’ interest in the subject and
encourage their participation. We want our
students to sense that we are enthusiastic
about our teaching and confident in their
learning abilities. Students will quickly
determine if a teacher respects their
contributions in class, or even wants
contributions at all. Both are critical in
creating an active learning environment. It is
also important for teachers to create an
environment that allows students to take
risks. This active learning environment
includes:
 Being strongly interested in students as
individuals.
 Acknowledging students’ feelings about an
assignment or other pertinent items.
 Encouraging students to ask questions.
 Communicating both openly and subtly that each
person’s learning is important.
 Encouraging students to be creative and
independent and form their own views.

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12. The student has done the project work
along with her studies.

Yes, I have done this project work along with

mu studies. After the completion of my JOPW I
received a certificate from the respected institute
‘GOVT. SULTANIA GIRLS HIGHER
SECONDARY SCHOOL’ for my internship
experience and behavior during the time.

13. Certificate, Diploma or P.G. , if you have done

Diploma Business course, the give information:

 I am pursuing P.G. in English Literature

from Sarojni Naidu Govt. Girls P.G.
(Autonomous) College.
14. Comparative study of choice taken in first
and second semester.

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  In First Semester I went to ‘Aman Public
School’ and for Second Semester I went to
‘Sultania School’.

 In Sultania Govt. School the teaching pattern

was not as different as the private school
however there was difference of language,
private schools are of English medium and
government schools are of Hindi medium.
Basically in English medium all the subjects are
taught in English language (text books, note
books, activities and Practical) every subject is
aggregated in English with the exception of
Hindi language subject and the opposite is
followed in the Government schools. Every
subject is taught in Hindi language (Text books,
note books, activities and Practical) every
subject is aggregated in Hindi with the exception
of English language subject.

 In Aman Public School I had taught in

class 1st and 2nd (Environmental studies).

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  In Sultania School I was given the
opportunity to teach English Language of 7th
and 8th.
 It was a bit tough to teach as it was my
first time teaching secondary classes but
with the help of my instructor I was able to
perform my duties.
 Teaching pattern was similar as I’ve
mentioned above however it was very
different in practical teaching. The students
of govt. School are not fluent in English and
to make it easier for them to understand I
explained them the meanings in an easier
language and less advance English.

15. Detailed reason for selecting the above

option.

 In First Semester I had done my internship at a

private school so for my Second Semester I
selected Government school to understand the
difference between both the Government and
Private school. This’ll help me in my future job

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 possibilities and enhance my performance as a
teacher.

16. Point – wise information about the direct skills

useful in the context of the selected option and
the current level of skills in the perspective of
the student and ways to enrich the skills.

 Point wise details of Direct skills :

 Obtain the minimum qualification mandatory
for a teaching career / job (such as B.Ed,
DEIED, M.Ed) after completing your U.G.
 Question and Answer
 Discussion over reading assignments
 Lecture
 Demonstrations
 Presenting a video

 Ways to enrich these skills:

 Remember your school days and think what
techniques your teachers used to employ and
whichever technique was easiest to

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 understand. Utilize those techniques and
improvise yourself.
 Meet with fellow teachers.
 Once you start teaching, evaluate your
performance.
 Uncover the ‘Why’ ask yourself why are you
teaching a certain topic and the merits /
demerits of those topics. So when a student
questions you about whichever topic you are
teaching, you have an answer ready at hand.
 Ask about students experience and also learn
how to deal with unruly behaviors.
 Make sure you are thoroughly prepared for
the topic you’re teaching as this a live (face to
face) teaching. The students shall ask you any
question related to the topic. They may have
several doubts. So be prepared.
 Take courses especially designed for teachers.

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17. Point wise details about In-direct skills in the
context of alternatives and the present level of
the skill from the perspective of the student and
the ways to further enrich the skills.

 Point wise details of Indirect skills:

 Chapter Reading
 Article Reading
 Interpretation of Data
 Completing a course paper, project or
presentation
 Written Instructions
 Online essays
 Ways to enrich these skills

 Give students chapter or an article for reading in

homework. The homework should be according to
standard level of the class and the topic or the
chapter should be something interesting so the
students stay motivated to read it thoroughly.
 Provide students with written information of any
topic and ask them to frame notes about the given
date.
 Give them written project or assignment related to
your subject.

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  Assign students with group presentations.
 Task them with an activity with written
instructions.
18. Theoretical information gathered by the student in the
relation to the above skills.

Direct skills Theory: Direct instruction is a theory of

education which posits that the most effective way to
teach is by explicit, guided instructions. This means
that the teacher stands in front of a classroom, and
presents the information. It is a very common teaching
strategy, relying on strict lesson plans and lectures
with little or no room for variation.
Importance: It can be said that the main objective of
the direct method is to teach the skill of
communication in a foreign language through
minimizing the use of the mother tongue during the
lesson, as well as through training linguistic reflexes.
In – Direct Skills Theory: Indirect instruction is an
approach to teaching and learning in which concepts,
patterns and abstractions are taught in the context of
strategies that emphasize concept learning, inquiry
learning and problem-centered learning.
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Indirect instruction is a student-centered approach to
learning where students observe, investigate and draw
inferences from data. In this instructional model,
professors take on the role of a facilitator or supporter
as opposed to offering direct instruction.
Importance: Indirect instruction refers to incorporating
inquiry, problem solving and decision making in the
learning process. This approach involves higher order
thinking when solving problems. By drawing upon
their own experiences, students are able to form
meaningful connections to course content.

Personality Development

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 PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

APPROPRIATE BODY POSTURES

IMPORTANCE OF BODY LANGUAGE

APPROPRIATE BODY POSTURES

Your body language plays as vital and important role
as your degrees and education. You need to exhibit
confidence, positivity and attentiveness if you wish to
attract the attention of your audience. Often seniors
and interviewers reject ideas and candidates only
because of their sloppy body language. In order to be
successful your body as well as your mind has to
portray positivity, success and happiness.
 body language tips to keep in mind:

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 Maintain eye contact when speaking to your
audience to capture their undivided attention.
Keep a free and open space in front of your
upper torso so that you can be relaxed and
calm.
Stay confident and avoid fidgeting.
Smile, it relaxes your audience and reduces
stress and tension.
Use hand and arm gestures to catch the
listener’s attention.
Exhibit your palms when making hand
gestures.
Nod your head when listening to others.
Point out to the screen when making a
presentation.
Give clear and positive answers when asked a
question.
Speak clearly and in an even tone.

Some Postures You Must Avoid.

The same way you need to follow certain tips in order

to maintain a positive and engaging body language,

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there are also certain body postures that you need to
avoid like the plague.
Here’s a list of things you must avoid
doing:

Avoid slouching, sitting forward and even

lounging your arms and legs everywhere.
Avoid constantly touching your face, playing with
your hair, biting your nails and rubbing your head
and neck. These gestures indicate nervousness and
boredom.
Avoid constant fidgeting, moving about and being
restless.
Avoid holding objects like coffee cups, notebooks,
hand bags and other items in front of your body.
This indicates nervousness, shyness and lack of
confidence.
When listening and paying attention to someone
avoid stroking your chin as that is an indication of
judgment. You will make the speaker feel uneasy
and it may seem like you are judging him.

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Avoid narrowing your eyes when looking at the
speaker it will give him the impression that you
dislike him.
Avoid looking at the floor or at your feet when
others are speaking it show a sign of disinterest.
Avoid placing your hands on your hips or behind
your head when in a meeting as that may come
across as superiority.
Avoid constantly adjusting your tie and collar as
that indicates discomfort and nervousness.
Avoid slouching. Slouching is a major indicator of
low self esteem. If you want to look and seem
confident make sure you maintain an erect posture.
Avoid drying and cleaning your sweaty palms on
your clothes. This is a sign of anxiety and
excessive nervousness. Besides if your clothes
look wet and sweaty, you are going to seem like a
mess and unkempt individual.
Avoid tapping your finger on the table and your
feet on the floor. This indicates disinterest and
boredom.

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 Your body language is your body’s way of
communicating non-verbally. It is an extremely
important and vital form of body language
communication.

Ways to read body language

Notice eye contact

Notice the person’s posture
Look out for signs of nervousness and anxiety
Watch out for signs of threat and body language
anger
Notice how much the speaker smiles
Make a note of the hand gestures of the speaker
Make a note of the person’s tone
Notice the speed of their speech.

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 IMPORTANCE OF BODY
LANGUAGE

 Body language is of utmost importance in this

highly competitive world. The corporate sector
values good body language a lot and any sign of
bad body language can break deals, even leading
to loss of network for people.

 An old adage says “Actions speak louder than

words". Our body posture, along with its
movements and placement of different body parts,
play an important role in letting out our feelings
and emotions, even if we don’t display the
emotions voluntarily.

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Assertive Behavior
A positive body language helps the person to be more
assertive and assists in putting his or her opinion
forward more easily than the others. Positive body
language is liked by other people and hence, the
person carrying a positive body language gets more
attention and favor in any discussion.
Non-verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication plays a significant role in

conjunction with the spoken words. Our non-verbal

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communication can reiterate our message, contradict
our words, reinforce our statement, substitute the
meaning of our sentences and complement the
meaning of our words. Since non-verbal
communication can either emphasize our point or
contradict it, it is necessary to keep our body language
in sync with our emotions. Any sign of conflict
between the body language and our words can make us
appear untrustworthy and deceptive.
Workplace Success
Positive body language is a must in workplaces and
corporate environment. Healthy body language can
help foster team spirit in the workplace, which can also
boost the morale of the employees. Delegation of
responsibilities becomes easier through positive body
language. It can also help in conveying respect for
colleagues and resolving conflicts in the organization.

During corporate meetings, one can display interest,

reception, and joy using positive body language. A
gentle smile, open palms, leaning forward and eye
contact can go a long way in establishing rapport with

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another person in the meeting thus helping build and
sustain a healthy relationship with the other parties in a
meeting.

Relationships
Negative body language can give way to a lot of
misinterpretation and misunderstandings. Maintaining
a body posture and absurd body movements that is
offensive to the other person can ruin a relationship.

For instance, you need to understand the emotions and

mood of the other person and need to customize your
behavior accordingly. If your spouse is in a good
mood, then it is okay to laugh or tease her
occasionally. However, the same activity can be
misinterpreted as sarcasm or irritable behavior if the
spouse is not in a good mood. This can lead to issues
between couples and can also lead to damaged
relationships.

Public Speaking

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In public speaking, body language assumes an
altogether different importance. If the speaker has a
defensive body language or has a passive body
language, there are high chances that he or she won’t
be listened to intently by the audience. The impact
factor of such speeches also is reduced by a large
fraction as the audience gets 35% of the entire
communication but misses the remaining 65%. Hence,
it’s highly important to have proper body movements
and posture while speaking on stage in front of an
audience.

Body language is very important in all forms of

communication. It helps to break the barrier of
unfamiliarity and helps to form a better connect with
the recipient of information.

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