EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE

QUARTER 1 – Module 6:

THE EARTH’S INTERNAL HEAT

LEARNING COMPETENCY LEARNING TASKS

Describe where the Earth’s What I Know - page 2
internal heat comes from. What’s In – Activity 1, page 4
What’s In – Activity 2, page 5
What’s New– Activity 3, page 5
What is It - Activity 4, page 7
What’s More – Activity 5, page 8
What I have Learned – page 8
Assessment - page 9

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LEUTTEBORO, SOCORRO, ORIENTAL MINDORO

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

1 | E A“Your
R T Heducation
A N D L I F EisS aC dress
I E N C rehearsal
E : M O D U for
L E a6life that is yours to lead.”—Nora Ephron
 What I Know
DIRECTIONS. Read each question and choose the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Why does radioactive decay play a very important role in earth’s internal
heat?
A. Radioactive element can be found anywhere in the planet.
B. When radioactive element decays, it produces heat.
C. Spontaneous nuclear disintegration of radioactive elements
produced thermal energy.
D. All of the above
2. How does the conduction in the surface of the earth affect the
temperature of our atmosphere?
A. Air molecules come in contact with the warmer surface of the
land and ocean resulting to the increase of its thermal energy.
B. Air molecules come in contact with the cooler surface of the
land and ocean resulting to the decrease of its thermal energy.
C. Air molecules does not come in contact with the warmer surface of the
land and ocean resulting to the increase of its thermal energy.
D. Air molecules do not come in contact with the cooler surface of the
land and ocean resulting to the increase of its thermal energy.
3. How does convection in Earth’s mantle affects the formation of landmass
like volcano and mountain?
A. Heat tries to escape in the interior of the earth.
B. Collision and separation of tectonic plates happens due to the slow
motion of convection cells.
C. When warm material in the mantle rises up to the surface (ground), it
will cool and sinks, these cooled materials will eventually be turned into
landmass.
D. All of the above
4. What is produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle and
crust?
A. radiogenic heat C. superheating
B. primordial heat D. heat from the sun
5. This refers to the heat left over from the formation of the Earth?
A. radiogenic heat C. superheating
B. primordial heat D. heat from the sun

2|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
6. How much is the approximate terawatts in the flow of heat in Earth’s
interior to its surface?
A. 41 terawatts B. 43 terawatts C. 47 terawatts D. 49 terawatts

7. Which of the following is the outermost layer of the Earth?

A. crust C. discontinuity
B. core D. mantle
8. Which of the following stores magma and located in a region
just beneath the crust all the way to the core?
A. crust B. outer core C. inner core D. mantle
9. What heat transfer of fluid in the Earth’s interior results to the
movement of rocky mantle up to the surface?
a. convection b. conduction c. Insolation d. radiation
current
10. Which of the following are boundaries between the three major
layers of the Earth?
A. arches B. discontinuities C. poles D. plates

11. What refers to the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting
from a sudden release of energy caused by a convection
current?
A. earthquake C. storm surge
B. volcanic eruption D. hurricane
12. How does the mantle behave as a viscous fluid on a geological time
scale?
A. presence of high radiation C. existence of high temperature
B. absence of high pressure D. decrease in altitude
13. What kind of heat transfer occurs mostly on the Earth’s surface?
A. conduction B. convection C. insolation D. radiation
14. What kind of process by which heat energy is transmitted
through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules?
A. conduction B. convection C. insolation D. radiation
15. What are the two factors that affect conduction on the Earth’s
surface?
A. Radioactive decay and nuclear disintegration of elements.
B. Heat from the Earth's core and radiation from the Sun.
C. Movement of plates and radiation from the Earth’s core.
D. Stored magma and volcanic eruption.

5|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
LESSON
1 The Earth’s Internal Heat
Heat energy plays a vital role in our planet. It is one of the
extreme factors in what makes the world livable. If you think of a volcano,
you know Earth must be hot inside. The heat inside of our planet moves
continents, build mountains and causes earthquakes, but where does all
this heat inside the earth come from?
Sources of heat in our planet can be identified as Primordial and
Radiogenic heat. During the early formation of the Earth, the internal
heat energy that gradually gathered together by means of dispersion in
the planet during its few million years of evolution is called Primordial
heat. The major contribution of this internal heat is the accretional energy
– the energy deposited during the early formation of a planet. The core is a
storage of primordial heat that originates from times of accretion when
kinetic energy of colliding particles was transformed into thermal
energy. This heat is constantly lost to the outer silicate layers of the
mantle and crust of the earth through convection and conduction. In
addition, the heat of the core takes tens of thousands of years to reach
the surface of the earth. Today, the surface of the earth is made of a cold
rigid rock since 4.5 billion years ago, the earth’s surface cools from the
outside but the core is still made of extremely hot material.
On the other hand, the thermal energy released as a result of
spontaneous nuclear disintegration is called Radiogenic Heat. It involves
the disintegration of natural radioactive elements inside the earth – like
Uranium, Thorium and Potassium. Uranium is a special kind of element
because when it decays, heat (radiogenic) is produced. Estimated at
47 terawatts (TW), the flow of heat from Earth's interior to the
surface and it comes from two main sources in equal amounts: the
radiogenic heat produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle
and crust, and the primordial heat left over from the formation of the
Earth. Radioactive elements exist everywhere on the earth in a fairly
significant concentration. Without the process of radioactive decay, there
would be fewer volcanoes and earthquakes – and less formation of earth’s
vast mountain ranges.

What’s In
Activity 1: Earth’s Layers
Directions. Label the diagram below with the names of each
layers. Include a brief description of each of the Earth’s layers.

4|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
 THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

Activity 2: Which of which?

Directions. Identify the sources of internal heat by writing RH for
radiogenic heat and PH for primordial heat. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Presence of different isotopes of heat producing
element in the mantle and crust.
2. Internal heat accumulated by dissipation of planet.
3. Release of accretional energy.
4. Processes involved in mantle convection.
5. Release of thermal energy as a result of spontaneous nuclear
disintegration.

What’s New
Activity
S
3: Find EMe
M V X R S B J R X C H K N

O Y U D H W L T L Y Q S L S Z
Directions. Encircle S M V X R S B J E R X C H K N
the 10 wordsC listed
Q N Z E I N E G O I D A R N
O Y U D H W L T L Y Q S L S Z
below.
Y B AWords
D W may
O P Q B Q X V Q C V
Q N Z E C I N E G O I D A R N
appear
C T Mstraight
H B R Y D J K R U S D E
across, back-word
D O U F C O N V
Y
E C
B
T
A
I
D W
O N
O
A
P Q B Q X V Q C V

straight across, up, C T M H B R Y D J K R U S D E

T F N L A I D O M I R P U B R
and down. D O U F C O N V E C T I O N A
L N K D E C Z K I X U J F D T
T F N L A I D O M I R P U B R
MANTLE
S X E Z U L I H C T
L N
E
K
S
D
I S
E C
H
Z K I X U J F D T
CURRENT
P D K R E C T N E K A K G Y D
S X E Z U L I H C T E S I S H
EARTH
O I S H R A T N O V W I A V Z
P D K R E C T N E K A K G Y D
TECTONIC
M N D C D U H I A T O T D I K
O I S H R A T N O V W I A V Z
RADIATION
Q V Y Z W S C L O M C G O A P
CONVECTION M N D C D U H I A T O T D I K
R S N E P X O M Q N F E B J R
PRIMODIAL Q V Y Z W S C L O M C G O A P
N A K Z F A Q U J C X S T K Q
RADIOGENIC R S N E P X O M Q N F E B J R

What’s New
CONDUCTION
HEAT
N A K Z F A Q U J C X S T K Q

5|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
SOURCES OF HEAT AND HEAT TRANSFER
Both sources of heat whether primordial or radiogenic undergo heat
transfer and it plays an important role to the continuous changes and
development of our planet. In connection, another part of this module
describes the heat transfer in the Earth. Three processes can transfer heat:
conduction, convection, and radiation.
CONDUCTION governs the thermal conditions in almost entire solid
portions of the Earth and plays a very important role in the lithosphere.
Its processes happen in the earth’s surface. Conduction is one of the three
main ways that heat energy moves from place to place. Technically, it can
be defined as the process by which heat energy is transmitted through
collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules. Heat from the Earth's
core and radiation from the Sun is transferred to the surface of the
Earth by conduction. Contact of the atmosphere with these warm surfaces
transfers thermal energy, which then heats up the rest of the air through
convection.
CONVECTION involves transfer of heat by the movement of mass,
which is a more efficient means of heat transport in the Earth compared
to pure conduction. Convection dominates the thermal conditions in the
zones where large quantities of fluids (molten rocks) exist, and thus
governs the heat transport in the fluid outer core and the mantle. In
geological time scale, the mantle behaves as a viscous fluid due to the
existence of high temperatures. In convection current, the mantle of the
earth moves slowly because of transfer of heat from the interior of the
earth up to the surface. This results to the movement of tectonic plates.
Hot materials are added at the edges of a plate and then it cools. At those
edges, it becomes dense by its exposure from the heat and sinks into the
earth at an ocean trench. This starts the formation of volcanoes.
RADIATION is the least important mode of heat transport in the
Earth. The process of heat exchange between the Sun and the Earth,
through radiation, controls the temperatures at the Earth's surface. Inside
the Earth, radiation is significant only in the hottest parts of the core and
the lower mantle. When the land and water become warm in summer, they
emit long – wavelength infrared radiation that is readily absorbed by the
atmosphere. This continues during night time too. Convection in the air
then spreads out the thermal energy throughout the atmosphere.

6|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
 What is It
Activity 4: Fill me up!
What is It
Directions. Use the word bank to fill in the gaps in the passage below.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Convection Earth’s plates Plates
Convection current Earthquakes Plate Volcanoes
Crust tectonics

The surface layer of the earth is called the . This layer

is broken up into pieces called . These “float” on
the mantle. Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates
current called . The current
move the .This movement is known as

What’s inside the Earth’s Mantle?

Figure A shows a convection cell, a rm material rises (up to the surface of the earth)
and cool material sinks. These cooled materials will eventually turn to land formation.
In mantle convection, the heat source is the core. The core of the earth is very hot. It is
nearly as hot as the surface of the sun – about 6000˚C. Convection current is relevant
to the movement of tectonic plate because the heat builds up pressure underneath the
crust (tectonic plates). As they become unstable, they push against each other
(subduction) and rise upwards or one goes under the other.
Figure B shows the process of conduction on how air molecules come in contact
with the warmer surface of the land or ocean, resulting to the increase of its thermal
energy through conduction. The thermal energy of the core is transferred to the
surface of the earth and the lower levels of ocean by conduction.

7|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
 What’s More
Activity 5: Crossword Puzzle
What’s More
Directions. Complete the crossword by filling in the word that
describes each clue.
ACROSS:
2. air molecules come in contact with
warmer molecules
3. crust are made up of puzzle – like
landmass called .
4. rising and falling movement of
material in the mantle
5. when tectonic plates push with
each other
7. it is the result of movement of
earth’s plate
DOWN:
1. elements that play a vital role in
Earth’s internal heat
6. least important mode of heat transport
8. warm material rise; cool material .
9. heats build up underneath the crust

What I Have Learned

Directions. Read each question and fill in the blanks with the
What I Have Learned
correct term to complete the statement. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. in the interior of the earth can be classified as primordial and
radiogenic heat.
2. The thermal energy released as a result of spontaneous _____ is
called Radiogenic Heat while the internal heat energy
accumulated by ______________ in a planet during its few million years
of evolution is called Primordial heat.
3. There are three processes can transfer heat: , , and
radiation.

4. governs the thermal conditions in almost entire

solid portions of the Earth and plays a very important role in
the lithosphere.
5. involves transfer of heat by the movement of mass,
which is a more efficient means of heat transport in the Earth

8|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
 compared to pure conduction.
6. is the least important mode of heat transport in the Earth.

7. Convection current is relevant to the movement of

because the heat builds up pressure underneath the crust.
8. The of the core is transferred to the surface
of the earth and the lower levels of ocean by conduction.
9. Air molecules come in contact with the warmer surface of the
land or ocean, resulting to the increase of its .
10. The area where subduction occur is called .

Assessment
Directions. Read each question and choose the correct answer.
Assessment
Write your answers on separate sheet of paper
1. What process by which heat is directly transmitted through a substance
when there is a difference of temperature or between adjoining regions,
without movement of the material?
A. conduction B. convection C. insolation D. radiation
2. Why radioactive decay plays a significant role in Earth’s internal heat?
A. Radioactive element can be found anywhere in the planet.
B. When radioactive element decays, it produces heat.
C. Spontaneous nuclear disintegration of radioactive elements
produced thermal energy.
D. All of the above
3. Which of the following is described as the process of heat
exchange between the Sun and the Earth that controls the
temperatures of the latter?
A. conduction B. convection C. insolation D. radiation
4. What is produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle
and crust?
A. radiogenic heat C. superheating
B. primordial heat D. heat from the sun
5. How the conduction in the surface of the earth affect the
temperature of our atmosphere?
A. Air molecules come in contact with the warmer surface of the land
and ocean resulting to the increase of its thermal energy.
B. Air molecules come in contact with the cooler surface of the land
and ocean resulting to the decrease of its thermal energy.

9|EARTHANDLIFESCIENCE:MODULE 6
 C. Air molecules do not come in contact with the warmer surface
of the land and ocean resulting to the increase of its thermal
energy.
D. Air molecules do not come in contact with the cooler surface of
the land and ocean resulting to the increase of its thermal
energy.
6. What are the two factors that affects conduction on the Earth’s
surface?
A. radioactive decay and nuclear disintegration of elements
B. heat from the Earth's core and radiation from the Sun
C. movement of plates and radiation from the Earth’s core
D. stored magma and volcanic eruption

7. What kind of process by which heat energy is transmitted

through collisions between neighboring atoms or molecules?
A. conduction B. convection C. insolation D. radiation
8. What kind of heat transfer occurs mostly on the Earth’s surface?
A. conduction B. convection C. insolation D. radiation
9. How does the mantle behave as a viscous fluid on a geological time
scale?
A. radiation B. pressure C. temperature D. altitude
10. What refers to the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from
a sudden release of energy caused by a convection current?
A. earthquake B. volcanic eruption C. storm surge D. hurricane
11. Which of the following are boundaries between the three
major layers of the earth?
A. arches B. discontinuity C. poles D. plates

12. What heat transfer of fluid in the earth’s interior results to the
movement of rocky mantle up to the surface of the earth?
A. convection current B. conduction C. insolation D. radiation
13. Which of the following stores magma and located in a region
just beneath the crust all the way to the core?
A. crust B. outer core C. inner core D. mantle
14. Which of the following is the outermost layer of the Earth?
A. crust B. core C. discontinuity D. mantle
15. How much is the approximate terawatts in the flow of heat in
Earth’s interior to its surface?
A. 41terawatts B. 43terawatts C. 47terawatts D. 49terawatts

10 | E A R T H A N D L I F E S C I E N C E : M O D U L E 6