BRAKING SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
• A BRAKE IS A MECHANICAL DEVICE THAT INHIBITS MOTION BY ABSORBING ENERGY FROM A
MOVING SYSTEM.[1] IT IS USED FOR SLOWING OR STOPPING A MOVING VEHICLE, WHEEL,
AXLE, OR TO PREVENT ITS MOTION.
• IN THE 1890S, WOODEN BLOCK BRAKES BECAME OBSOLETE WHEN MICHELIN BROTHERS INTRODUCED
RUBBER TIRES. THE 1960S, SOME CAR MANUFACTURERS REPLACED DRUM BRAKES WITH DISC BRAKES.
• IN 1960S,DISC BRAKES
• IN1966,ABS(ANTI LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM)
• IN2005,ESC(ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL) BRAKES
• IN 2013,UNECE VEHICLE REGULATION 131,IT DEFINES ADVANCED EMERGENCY BRAKING
SYSTEM (AEBS)
• IN2017,UNECE COUNTRIES USED BRAKE ASSIST SYSTEM (BAS)
DRUM BRAKING SYSTEM
• A DRUM BRAKE IS A BRAKE THAT USES FRICTION CAUSED BY A SET OF SHOES OR PADS THAT
PRESS OUTWARD AGAINST A ROTATING CYLINDER-SHAPED PART CALLED A BRAKE DRUM.
• IT IS THE BRAKE TYPE IN WHICH A DRUM WHICH IS MAINLY USED FOR THE BRAKE SHOES
ALONG WITH ITS REAL MECHANISM IS ATTACHED WITH THE HUB OF THE WHEEL IN SUCH A
WAY THE INNER PARTS REMAIN CONSTANT AND THE OUTER PART OF THE DRUM ROTATES
WITH THE WHEEL.
DISC BRAKING SYSTEM
• BRAKE FLUID IS COMPRESSED BY A PISTON INSIDE THE MASTER CYLINDER LOCATED AT THE
BASE OF THE VEHICLE HOOD BESIDE THE ENGINE, THUS CREATING A HUGE AMOUNT OF
HYDRAULIC PRESSURE, ALSO PRODUCING A LARGE AMOUNT OF FORCE JUST BY PRESSING
THE PEDAL DOWN.
• THE PRESSURE GETS PASSED VIA THE BRAKE FLUID AND THEN TO BRAKE HORSES THAT
CONNECT A LINKAGE WITH THE BRAKE ASSEMBLED AT EACH WHEEL.
ANTI LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
• MOST OF THE MODERN VEHICLES ARE INTRODUCED TO ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEMS. THEY
ARE INSTALLED FOR GOOD AS THE REASONS FOR SEVERAL ADVANTAGES MOSTLY HAVING
TO DO WITH THE DRIVER AND PASSENGER SAFETY
• ONE OF ITS GREAT ADVANTAGES IS THAT ITS SYSTEM PARTS WORK TOGETHER, FOR
INSTANCE, ABS CONTROLS WHEEL ACTIVITY WITH THE SENSOR PLACED ON BOTH WHEELS.
THE SENSOR IS CONTROLLED BY THE BRAKE FORCE ENSURING THE WHEELS SPEED TO RUN IN
TANDEM.
ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKING SYSTEM
• ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKES (ALSO CALLED ELECTRO-MECHANICAL BRAKES OR EM BRAKES)
SLOW OR STOP MOTION USING ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE TO APPLY MECHANICAL
RESISTANCE (FRICTION)
• SINCE BECOMING POPULAR IN THE MID-20TH CENTURY, ESPECIALLY IN TRAINS AND TRAMS,
THE VARIETY OF APPLICATIONS AND BRAKE DESIGNS HAS INCREASED DRAMATICALLY, BUT THE
BASIC OPERATION REMAINS THE SAME.
• BOTH ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKES AND EDDY CURRENT BRAKES USE ELECTROMAGNETIC
FORCE, BUT ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKES ULTIMATELY DEPEND ON FRICTION WHEREAS EDDY
CURRENT BRAKES USE MAGNETIC FORCE DIRECTLY.
BRAKE ASSIST SYSTEM
• BRAKE ASSIST (BA OR BAS) OR EMERGENCY BRAKE ASSIST (EBA) IS A TERM FOR AN AUTOMOBILE
BRAKING TECHNOLOGY THAT INCREASES BRAKING PRESSURE IN AN EMERGENCY.
• THE FIRST APPLICATION WAS DEVELOPED JOINTLY BY DAIMLER-BENZ AND TRW/LUCASVARITY.
RESEARCH CONDUCTED IN 1992 AT THE MERCEDES-BENZ DRIVING SIMULATOR IN BERLIN REVEALED
THAT MORE THAN 90% OF DRIVERS FAIL TO BRAKE WITH ENOUGH FORCE WHEN FACED WITH AN
EMERGENCY.
• BY INTERPRETING THE SPEED AND FORCE WITH WHICH THE BRAKE PEDAL IS PUSHED, THE SYSTEM
DETECTS IF THE DRIVER IS TRYING TO EXECUTE AN EMERGENCY STOP, AND IF THE BRAKE PEDAL IS
NOT FULLY APPLIED, THE SYSTEM OVERRIDES AND FULLY APPLIES THE BRAKES UNTIL THE ANTI-LOCK
BRAKING SYSTEM (ABS) TAKES OVER TO STOP THE WHEELS LOCKING UP.
